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Computer Hardware

Computer hardware consists of the physical components that enable a computer system to function, including the CPU, motherboard, RAM, storage devices, GPU, PSU, and cooling systems. Input and output devices facilitate user interaction and data presentation, while expansion cards and network devices enhance capabilities and connectivity. Together, these components allow for data processing, application execution, and user interaction.

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Computer Hardware

Computer hardware consists of the physical components that enable a computer system to function, including the CPU, motherboard, RAM, storage devices, GPU, PSU, and cooling systems. Input and output devices facilitate user interaction and data presentation, while expansion cards and network devices enhance capabilities and connectivity. Together, these components allow for data processing, application execution, and user interaction.

Uploaded by

shrawan0105
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer hardware

Computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer


system that work together to perform various functions. These
components are tangible and essential for a computer to operate
effectively. Here are the main categories and components of computer
hardware:
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Often referred to as the "brain" of the computer, the CPU performs
calculations and executes instructions that drive most of the computer's
functions. It interprets and processes instructions from programs and
data.
2. Motherboard
The motherboard is the main circuit board that connects and allows
communication between all of the computer's components. It houses
the CPU, memory, and other essential chips, as well as ports for
connecting external devices.
• Random Access Memory (RAM)
• RAM is temporary memory that stores data and instructions that are
actively used by the CPU. It allows quick access to data and improves
the performance of the system by reducing the time it takes to fetch
information.
• 4. Storage Devices
• Hard Disk Drive (HDD): A traditional magnetic storage device used to
store large amounts of data.
• Solid State Drive (SSD): A faster, more reliable alternative to HDDs,
using flash memory to store data.
• Optical Drives (e.g., DVD, Blu-ray): Used for reading and writing data
on optical discs.
• Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
• The GPU is responsible for rendering images, videos, and animations.
It is essential for gaming, video editing, and other graphics-intensive
tasks. Modern GPUs also assist in parallel computing tasks.
• 6. Power Supply Unit (PSU)
• The PSU converts electrical power from an outlet into the correct
voltage and current needed by the computer's components. It
ensures the system gets stable power to operate.
• 7. Cooling System
• Fans: Used to dissipate heat generated by the CPU, GPU, and other
components.
• Input Devices
• Devices that allow the user to interact with the computer, including:
• Keyboard: For typing input.
• Mouse: For navigating the interface.
• Touchscreen: For direct touch input on the screen.
• Microphone, Webcam: For voice or video input.
• Output Devices
• Devices that allow the computer to present information to the user,
such as:
• Monitor: Displays visual output from the computer.
• Speakers/Headphones: Output audio signals.
• Printers: Produce physical copies of digital documents.
• Expansion Cards
• Cards that can be added to the motherboard to expand the
computer's capabilities, such as:
• Sound Card: For enhanced audio quality.
• Network Card: For connecting to a network.
• Wi-Fi Card: For wireless internet connectivity.
Sound Card
• Cables and Connectors
• Various cables are used to connect different components of the
computer system, including:
• Power Cables: To supply power from the PSU to components.
• Data Cables: For communication between the motherboard, storage devices,
and other peripherals (e.g., SATA cables, HDMI).
• Network Devices
• Router: Directs internet traffic to and from the computer.
• Modem: Provides access to the internet through your service provider.
• Ethernet Cable: For wired network connections.
• These hardware components work together to enable the computer to
process data, run applications, and interact with users. Modern
computers often incorporate additional features, such as specialized
hardware for artificial intelligence.

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