MATHEMATICS WORKSHEET -06

CLASS: X - STATE STUDY MATERIAL – 2024-25

Unit –Triangles
KEY POINTS

* Thales theorem or Basic proportionality theorem:

If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct
points, then the other two sides are devided in the same ratio.
* Converse of Thales theorem or BPT.
If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line is parallel to the third
side. A
* Corollaries of Thales theorem
In ∆ ABC, if DE || BC D E

𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸 𝐷𝐸
Then (i) = (ii) = (iii) = = B C
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶

* Similar triangles: Two triangles are similar of their (i) Corresponding angles are equal (ii)
Corresponding sides are in the same ratio.

* Similarity criteria for two triangles

(i) AAA Criterion:If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their corresponding
sides are in the same ratio (proportion) and hence the two triangles are similar.

(ii) AA Criterion: If two angles of a triangle are respectively equal to two angles of another
triangles, then the two triangles are similar.

(iii) SSS Criterion: If in two triangles, sides of one triangle are proportional to the sides of the
other triangle, then their corresponding angles are equal and hence the two triangles are similar.

(iv) SAS Criterion: If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of the other triangle and the
sides including these angles are proportional then the two triangles are similar.

* Pythagoras theorem: In a right angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the
sum of the squares of the other two sides. A

In ∆ ABC, If B = 900 then AC2 = AB2 + BC2

B C

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Multiple Choice questions:
1. In the adjoining figure D and E are the mid points of AB and AC respectively If DE = 4 cm, then BC is
equal to:
(A) 4 cm (B) 6 cm (C) 8 cm (D) 12 cm

2. In ∆ ABC, DEǁBC, If AD = 3 cm, BD = 2 cm and AE = 2.7 cm, then AC is equal to:

(A) 6.5 cm (B) 4.5 cm (C) 3.5 cm (D) 5.5 cm

𝐴𝑋
3. In adjoining figure, XYǁBC, then 𝐴𝐵 is equal to:
𝐴𝑋 𝐴𝑋 𝐴𝑌 𝐴𝐶
(A) 𝐴𝑌 (B) 𝑋𝐵 (C) 𝐴𝐶 (D) 𝐴𝐵

4. In the given figure, ABǁPQ. If PQ=1.5 cm, QC = 2 cm and BQ = 8 cm, the measure of AB is:
(A) 10 cm (B) 7.5 cm (C) 9.5 cm (D) 3.5 cm

𝐴𝑋
5. In the given figure, XYǁBC and XZǁAC, then 𝐴𝐵 is equal to:
𝑋𝑍 𝑋𝑌 𝐶𝑍 𝐵𝑍
(A) 𝐴𝐵 (B) 𝐴𝐶 (C) 𝐵𝐶 (D) 𝐵𝐶

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 𝑂𝐷
6. In the trapezium ABCD, ABǁCD and the diagonals intersect at O. Then is equal to:
𝑂𝐶
𝑂𝐵 𝐴𝐵 𝑂𝐶 𝐴𝐶
(A) (B) (C) (D)
𝑂𝐴 𝐶𝐷 𝑂𝐷 𝐵𝐷

7. In the ∆ABC, PQǁAB. The correct relation is:

𝐵𝑄 𝐶𝑃 𝐴𝑃 𝐵𝑄 𝑃𝑄 𝐴𝐵 𝑃𝑄 𝐴𝐵
(A) 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐶𝐴 (B) 𝑃𝐶 = 𝑄𝐶 (C) 𝐵𝑄 = 𝐵𝐶 (D) 𝑄𝐶 = 𝐴𝑃

8. In the figure, angle ABC = angle AYX, then the ratio of the corresponding sides is:
𝐴𝑋 𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝐵 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝑋 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝑋 𝐴𝑌 𝑋𝑌
(A) 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝑌 = 𝑋𝑌 (B) 𝐴𝑌 = 𝑋𝑌 = 𝐴𝐶 (C) 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐴𝑌 = 𝑋𝑌 (D) 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐶𝐵

9. In a trapezium ABCD, ABǁDC which of the following is a correct statement?

(A) AO.OC = BD.OD (B) AO.OB=OC.OD (C) AB.DC = OB.OD (D) AO.OD = OC.OB

10. If in the figure, XYǁAB, AX = 9 cm, XC = 7cm and BC = 20 cm, then BY =

(A) 11.25 cm (B) 10.25 cm (C) 10 cm (D) 15 cm

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11. The corresponding sides of two equiangular triangles are
(A) Equal (B) Parallel (C) Proportional (D) Unequal

12. In the figure ∆ABC ≅ ∆ PQC. The ratio of their corresponding sides is:
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
(A) 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑃𝐶 = 𝑄𝐶 (B) 𝑃𝐶 = 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑄𝐶 (C) 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑄𝐶 = 𝑃𝐶 (D) 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑄𝐶 = 𝑃𝐶

𝐴𝑄
13. In the figure, angle ABC = angle AQP = 90°, then 𝐴𝐵
𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶 𝑄𝑃 𝐴𝑃
(A) 𝑃𝑄 (B) 𝑃𝑄 (C) 𝐵𝐶 (D) 𝐴𝐵

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
14. In ∆ ABC and ∆ DEF if 𝐷𝐸 = 𝐸𝐹 = 𝐷𝐹 then the correct pair of corresponding angles are
(A) Angle A and angle E (B) Angle C and angle F (C) Angle B and angle D (D) Angle A and angle E
15. In a right angled triangle ABC, angle CAB = 90°, If AD┴BC, then the angle ACD is
(A) Angle ABD (B) Angle DAB (C) Angle CAD (D) Angle ADB

16. If two given triangles are similar, then the ratio between their sides is
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
(A) 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑃𝑅 = 𝑄𝑅 (B) 𝑃𝑅 = 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑃𝑄 (C) 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑅𝑃 = 𝑃𝑄 (D) 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑅𝑃

17. Sides of a triangle are of length 2 cm, 3 cm and 4 cm respectively. Which of the sets of numbers are the
sides
of a triangle, similar to the above triangle?
(A) 4, 5, 6 (B) 5, 6, 7 (C) 12, 13, 14 (D) 6, 9, 12

18. In the figure angle APQ = angle ACB and angle AQP = angle ABC then AP.AB is equal to:
(A) AQ.AC (B) AP.AB (C) AC.BC (D) BC.AB

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19. Select the set of numbers in the following which can form similar triangles.
(A) 9, 12, 18 and 3, 4, 6 (B) 3, 4, 6 and 9, 10, 12 (C) 8, 6, 12 and 2, 6, 3 (D) 3, 4, 5 and 2, 4, 10

20. Which of the following is a correct statement?

(A) All the rectangles are similar (B) All the rhombus are similar
(C) All the right angled triangles are similar (D) All the equilateral triangles are similar

One mark questions

𝐴𝑌 1
21. In ∆ ABC, XYǁBC, 𝐶𝑌 = 2 and AX = 4 find BX .

22. What are similar triangles?

23. State Thales theorem or B.P.T. [SLP – 2022,April - 2022, July – 2022, 1 Mark]
24. State converse of Thales theorem.
25. State AAA similarity criterion for two triangles.
26. State AA similarity criterion for two triangles.
27. State SSS similarity criterion for the two triangles.
28. State SAS similarity criterion for two triangles.
29. In ∆ ABC, DEǁBC, AD = 5.7cm, BD = 9.5cm & EC = 6cm find AE.
𝐴𝑌 1
30. In the given figure XY ǁBC, AX =P -3, BX = 2p – 2 and 𝐶𝑌 = 4.Find P .

Two marks questions

31. At a certain time of the day, a man 6 feet tall, casts his shadow 8 feet long. Find the length of the shadow
cast by a building 45 feet high at the same time which is next to the man.

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32. In ∆ ABC, DEǁBC, AD = 5cm DB = 7cm and AC = 18cm. Find the lengths of AE and CE. (April –
2016)
(March – 2019)

33. In ∆ ABC, PQǁBC and AD is the median, prove that PE = EQ.

34. In diagonal BD of parallelogram ABCD interests AE at F. E is any point on BC. Prove that
DF x EF = FB x FA. (June – 2019)

𝐶𝐴 𝐵𝐶
35. In ∆ ABC, angle ABC = 90° and angle AMP = 90° prove that ∆ABC ~∆ AMP. OR 𝑃𝐴 = 𝑀𝑃 (April 2024-
1) 3M

36. In the given figure, PQǁRS. Prove that ∆ POQ~∆ SOR. (March – 2019)

37. Using Thales theorem, prove that a line drawn through the mid point of one side of a triangle parallel to
another side bisects the third side.
38. Using converse of Thales theorem, prove that the line joining the mid points of any two sides of a
triangle is parallel to the third side.

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 𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝐵
39. ABCD is a trapezium with ABǁDC diagonals interest at O. Prove that 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑂𝐷.

40. In ∆ PQR, E and F are the pints on PQ & PR respectively. Check whether EFǁQR.

𝐴𝑀 𝐴𝑁
41. In the given figure LM ǁ CB & LN ǁ CD then prove that = 𝐴𝐷 .
𝐴𝐵

42. A vertical pole of height 6m, casts and shadow 4m, long on the ground at the same time a tower casts a
shadow of 20m long. Find the height of the tower.
43. E is a point on the side AD produced of a parallelogram ABCD & BE produced intersects CD at F.
Show
that ∆ ABE ~∆CFB.

44. A girl of height 0.9m is walking away from the base of a lamp post at a speed of 1.2m/s. If the lamp is
3.6m
above the ground find the length of her shadow after 4 seconds.
Four marks questions
45. Prove that, “If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct
points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio”.[ BPT or Thales theorem ]
46. Prove that “If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal then their corresponding sides are in
the same ratio and hence the two triangles are similar. (4M, March-2023) [July – 2022, 5 Marks]

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47. Prove that “If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line is parallel to the
third side”.(Converse of Thales theorem)

48. Sides AB and AC and median AD of a triangle ABC are respectively proportional to sides PQ and PR
And median PM of another triangle PQR, prove that ∆ABC ~∆PQR.

49. In the given figure AC|| BD and CE || DF. If OA = 12 cm, AB = 9cm, OC = 8cm and EF = 4.5 cm find
OE.
O

50. In the figure if ∆ POQ ~∆SOR and PQ:RS=1:2 the OP:OS is (April – 2020)
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 3 : 1 (D) 1 : 3

51. In ∆ ABC, If DEAC. Then the correct relation is (Sep – 2020)

𝐵𝐷 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐷 𝐷𝐸 𝐵𝐸 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐸 𝐴𝐷 𝐷𝐸 𝐵𝐸
(A) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷𝐸 = 𝐵𝐸 (B) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶 (C) 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐷𝐸 = 𝐸𝐶 (D) 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐸𝐶

52. In the ∆ ABC, XYBC then (July – 2021)

𝐴𝑋 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝑋 𝐴𝑌 𝐴𝑋 𝑋𝑌 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
(A) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝑌 (B) 𝐵𝑋 = 𝐶𝑌 (C) 𝐵𝑋 = 𝐴𝑌 (D) 𝐵𝑋 = 𝐴𝑌

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53. Observe the given two triangles and then identify the length of DF in the following (July 2021)
(A) 6√2 cm (b) 3√2 cm (C) 4.2cm (D) 8.4cm

54. In the given figure ∆ ABO ~∆ DCO. IF CD = 2cm, AB = 3cm, OC = 3.2cm, OD = 2.4cm then
(A) OA = 3cm, OB = 4cm (B) OA = 4.3cm, OB = 3.5cm
(C) OA = 3.6cm, OB = 4.8cm (D) OA = 3.2cm, OB = 4.6cm

55. In the figure, If DEBC, AD = 3cm, BD = 4cm and BC = 14cm then the length of DE is
(A) 7cm (B) 6cm (C) 4cm (D) 3cm

56. In the figure if STQR find PS

9
(A) 4cm (B) 2cm (C) 5cm (D) 3cm

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57. In the figure angle F is
(A) 40° (B) 80° (C) 60° (D) 50°

58. A ladder resting against a vertical wall has its foot on the ground at a distance of 6 feet from the wall. A
man
on the ground climbs two thirds of the ladder. What will be his distance from the wall now?
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐴
59. If in two triangle ABC & PQR 𝑄𝑅 =𝑃𝑅 = 𝑃𝑄 then
(A) ∆PQR ~∆CAB (B) ∆PQR ~∆ABC
(C) ∆CBA ~∆PQR (D) ∆BCA ~∆PQR
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
60. In the given figure 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐸𝐶 and angle ADE = 70° angle BAC = 50° then angle BCA =

61. In the figure DE || BC if BD = x – 3, AB = 2x, CE = x – 2 and AC = 2x + 3 find x.

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62. In the given figure find the value of x.

63. In figure angle M = angle PNK = 46° express x in terms of a, b and c where a, b & c are lengths of LM,
MN and NK respectively.

64. In the figure, Name the side of a triangle PQR which is corresponding to the side AB of triangle ABC.

65. In the given figure DE || BC and CD || EF prove that 𝐴𝐷2 = AB x AF.

66. In the given figure QA and PB are perpendiculars to AB. If AO = 10cm BO = 6cm and PB = 9cm
Find AQ.

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67. In the figure Q is a point on PR and S is a point on TR, QS is drawn and angle RPT = angle RQS
which criteria can be used to prove that ∆ RSQ ~∆ RTP?

68. In the figure ABC is an isosceles triangle right angled at C with AC = 4cm find the length of AB.

69. Two triangle BAC and BDC right angled at A and D respectively are drawn on the same base BC
and on the same side of BC. If AC and DB intersect at P. Prove that AP x PC = DP x PB.

70. In the figure if DE || BC then the correct relation among the following is [1M, March & June 2023]
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐷 𝐸𝐶 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸 𝐷𝐵 𝐴𝐸
(A) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐸𝐶 (B) 𝐷𝐵 = 𝐴𝐸 (C) 𝐷𝐵 = 𝐸𝐶 (D) 𝐴𝐷 = 𝐸𝐶

1
71. In ∆ ABC &∆ DEF angle F= angle C, angle B = angle E and AB = 2DE then the two triangles are
(A) Congruent but not similar (B) Similar but not congruent

(C) Neither congruent nor similar (D) Congruent as well as similar

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
72. If in ∆ ABC &∆ DEF, 𝐷𝐸= 𝐹𝐷, then ∆ABC ~∆DEF when

(A) Angle A = angle F (B) Angle A = angle D

(C) Angle B = angle D (D) Angle B = angle E

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 73. ‘D’ is a point on the side BC of a ∆ ABC such that ADC = BAC.Then prove that AC2 =
BC.CD (April 2024 Exam-1)
[3]
A

B D C

74. State and Prove Thales theorem OR BPT. (April 2024 Exam-1) [4]

75. In the given figure, EF || BC. If EF = 6 cm, BC = 12 cm and AE = 5cm, then find AB
(June 2024 Exam-2) [1]
A

5cm

E F
6cm

B C
12 cm

76. In the figure, DE || BC. If AD = x, BD = y, AE = m and CE = n, the correct relation among

the following is (June 2024 Exam-1) [3]
𝑥 𝑚 𝑥 𝑛 𝑥+𝑦 𝑚 𝑥 𝑚
A) = (B) = (C) = (D) =
𝑦 𝑚+𝑛 𝑦 𝑚 𝑦 𝑚+𝑛 𝑥+𝑦 𝑚+𝑛

x m

y n

77. In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram point P divides AB in the ratio 2 : 3 and Q divides DC in
the ratio 4 : 1 prove that OA = 2 X OC
D Q 1 C

A 2 P 3 B

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78 ∆ ABC ~ ∆ DEF, if AB = 3cm, BC=4cm and DE=4.5cm, then the measure of EF is
(A) 8cm (B) 6cm (C) 7cm (D) 6.5cm

79. In the figure, PQ || BC, if AP = 2 cm, PB = 4cm, AQ = 3 cm and QC = 6cm, prove that BC = 3
PQ
A

2 cm 3 cm
P Q
4 cm 6 cm

B C
80. In the figure, BAC = QPR = 900 and AC || RP prove that ∆ ABC ~ ∆ PQR

B C Q
R

P
𝑃𝑋 𝑃𝑌 1
81. In the figure, XY || PQ and = = then
𝑋𝑄 𝑌𝑅 2
2 2 1 1
(A) QR = 2xy (B) XY = QR (C) XY = QR (D) XY = QR
3 2

82. ∆ ABC ~ ∆ DEF, such that A=450 and B= 560 then find the measure of C and E.

83. ABCD is a trapezium with AB || DC and diagonals AC and BD intersects at O. If OA = 3x – 1,

OB = 2x + 1, OC = 5x – 3 and OD = 6x – 5, find the value of x.
84. In the given figure ABCD is a parallelogram. AE divides the line segment BD in the ratio 1 : 2.
If BE = 1.5 cm find BC

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85. In the given figure, ∆ ABC ~ ∆ DEF and their sides of lengths (in cm) are marked along them,
then find the lengths of sides of each triangle

Answers
1. (C) 8 cm 2. (B) 4.5cm
𝐴𝑌
3. (C) 𝐴𝐶 4. (B) 7.5cm
𝐵𝑍 𝑂𝐵
5. (D) 𝐵𝐶 6. (A) 𝑂𝐴
𝐴𝑃 𝐵𝑄 𝐴𝑋 𝐴𝑌 𝑋𝑌
7. (B) 𝑃𝐶 = 𝑄𝐶 8. (D) 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐶𝐵
9. (D) AO.OD = OC.OB 10. (A) 11.25cm
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
11. (C) Proportional 12. (D) 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑄𝐶 = 𝑃𝐶
𝑄𝑃
13. (C) 𝐵𝐶 14. Angle C and angle F
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
15. (B) angle DAB 16. (B) 𝑃𝑅 = 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑃𝑄
17. (D) 6, 9, 12 18. (A) AQ x AC
19. (A) 9, 12, 18 and 3, 4, 6 20. (D) All the equilateral triangles are similar
21. BX = 8cm 29. AE = 3.6cm
30. P = 5 31. 60m
32. AE = 7.5cm & EC= 10.5cm 40. EF is not parallel to QR
42. 42m 44. 1.6m
49. 6 cm 50. (A) 1 : 2
𝐵𝐷 𝐷𝐸 𝐵𝐸 𝐴𝑋 𝐴𝑌
51. (B) 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶 52. (B) 𝐵𝑋 = 𝐶𝑌
53. (A) 6√2 cm 54. (C) OA = 3.6cm, OB = 4.8cm
9
55. (B) 6cm 56. (B) 2cm
57. (C) 60° 58. 2 feet
59. (A) ∆PQR ~∆CAB 60. 60°
61. x = 9cm 62. x = 5cm
63. x = ac/(b+c) 64. PR
65. --- 15
66. AQ=15cm
67. AAA Similarity Criteria 68. 4√2 cm
69. ---
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
70. c) 𝐷𝐵 = 𝐸𝐶 71. b) Similar but not Congruent
72. c) B = D 73. -----

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74. ------ 75. AB = 10cm
𝑥 𝑚
76. (D) 𝑥+𝑦 = 𝑚+𝑛 77. -----
78. (B) 6 cm 79. ----
80. ---- 1
81. (C) XY = 3 QR
82. C = 56⁰ 83. x = 2
E = 79⁰
84. BC = AD = 3 cm 85. x = 5
AB = 9cm BC = 12 cm AC = 15 cm
DE = 18 cm EF = 24 cm FD = 30 cm

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