Tutorial 3.

Plane Stress Analysis

Consider the problem of a 4” x 2” x 0.1” aluminum plate (E=10e6 psi, ν=0.3) with a 1” diameter
circular hole subjected to an axial stress of 100 psi.

Full Model Use of Symmetry

UX = 0

UY = 0

Determine the maximum axial stress associated with the stress concentration at the edge of the
circular hole. Compare this solution with the design chart (ref. “Shigley's Mechanical
Engineering Design,” 10th Edition, Budynas and Nisbett, 2015) for the case d/w=0.5 which gives
σmax ≅ 2.18 (200 psi) = 436 psi.

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Finite Element solution

Start => All Programs => Abaqus 6.X => Abaqus CAE => Create Model Database With
Standard/Explicit Model
File => Set Working Directory => Browse to find desired directory => OK
File => Save As => save plane_stress_tutorial.cae file in Work Directory

Module: Sketch
Sketch => Create => Approx size - 5
Add=> Point => enter coordinates (.5,0), (1,0), (1,2), (0,2), (0,.5) => select 'red X'
View => Auto-Fit
Add => Line => Connected Lines => select point at (.5,0) with mouse, then (1,0), (1,2), (0,2),
(0,.5) => right click => Cancel Procedure => Done
Add => Arc => Center/Endpoint => select point at (0,0), then (.5,0), then (0,.5) => right click =>
Cancel Procedure => Done

Module: Part
Part => Create => select 2D Planar, Deformable, Shell, Approx size - 5=> Continue
Add => Sketch => select 'Sketch-1' => Done => Done

Module: Property
Material => Create => Name: Material-1, Mechanical, Elasticity, Elastic => set Young's
modulus = 10e6, Poisson's ratio = 0.3 => OK
Section => Create => Name: Section-1, Solid, Homogeneous => Continue => Material -
Material-1, plane stress/strain thickness - 0.1 => OK
Assign Section => select entire part by dragging mouse => Done => Section-1, Thickness: From
section => OK

Module: Assembly
Instance => Create => Create instances from: Parts => Part-1 => Dependent (mesh on part) =>
OK

Module: Step
Step => Create => Name: Step-1, Initial, Static, General => Continue => accept default settings
=> OK

Module: Load
Load => Create => Name: Load-1, Step: Step 1, Mechanical, Pressure => Continue => select top
edge => Done => set Magnitude = -100 => OK
BC => Create => Name: BC-1, Step: Step-1, Mechanical, Displacement/Rotation => Continue
=> select bottom edge => Done => U2=0
BC => Create => Name: BC-2, Step: Step-1, Mechanical, Displacement/Rotation => Continue
=> select left edge => Done => U1=0

Module: Mesh
Set Model: Model-1, Object => Part: Part-1

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Seed => Edges => select full model by dragging mouse => Done => Method: By size, Bias:
None, Sizing Controls, Element Size=0.1 => OK => Done
Mesh => Controls => Element Shape => Tri (for triangles), Quad (for quadrilaterals), or Quad
dominated (for mixed triangles and quads - mostly quads), Technique: Free > OK
Mesh => Element Type => select full model by dragging mouse => Done => Element Library:
Standard, Geometric Order: Linear, Family: Plane Stress => Linear/Tri (for CST),
Quadratic/Tri (for LST), Linear/Quad (for 4 node quad), or Quadratic/Quad (for 8-node
quad) => OK => Done (try varying element type, interpolation functions and mesh
density)
To refine mesh locally:
Seed => Edges => Select bottom edge and arc (use Shift Key to select multiple edges) => Done
=> Method: By size, Bias: Single, Minimum size: .02, Maximum Size: 1, Flip Bias:
Select and click on edges such that arrow points toward desired refined point => OK =>
Done
Mesh => Part => OK to mesh the Part: Yes => Done
Tools => Query => Region Mesh => Apply (displays number of nodes and elements at bottom of
screen)

Module: Job
Job => Create => Name: Job-1, Model: Model-1 => Continue => Job Type: Full analysis, Run
Mode: Background, Submit Time: Immediately => OK
Job => Manager => Submit => Job-1
Job => Manager => Results (transfers to Visualization Module)

Module: Visualization
Viewport => Viewport Annotation Options => Legend => Text => Set Font => Size=14, Apply
to: Legend, Title Block and State Block => OK => OK
View => Graphics Options => Viewport Background = Solid=> Color => White (click on black
tile to change background color)
Plot => Deformed Shape
Deformed Shape Options => Basic => Show superimposed undeformed plot => OK
Ctrl-C to copy viewport to clipboard => Open MS Word Document => Ctrl-V to paste image
Result => Options => Unselect “Average element output at nodes” => OK
Result => Field Output => Name - S => Component = S22 => OK
Plot => Contours => On Deformed Shape
Ctrl-C to copy viewport to clipboard => Open MS Word Document => Ctrl-V to paste image
Tools => Query => Probe Values => select desired Field Output (click on Field output variable
icon) and select desired component (S11, S22, etc.) => OK => Probe Nodes => move
cursor to desired location to view nodal results
Tools => Path => Create => Node List => Continue => Add Before => select nodes along
bottom edge => Done => OK
Tools => XY Data => Create => Source: Path => Continue => X Distance => Plot
Ctrl-C to copy viewport to clipboard => Open MS Word Document => Ctrl-V to paste image
Report => Field Output => Position - Centroid => Variable – Mises, S11, S22, S12 => Apply
Examine tabulated results in 'Abaqus.rpt' file.

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 Typical Results (no edge bias)

CST - 3 node triangle (linear interpolation) LST - 6 node triangle (quadratic interpolation)

4-node Quad (linear interpolation) 8-node Quad (quadratic interpolation)

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 Typical Results (with edge bias)

CST - 3 node triangle (linear interpolation) LST - 6 node triangle (quadratic interpolation)

4-node Quad (linear interpolation 8-node Quad (Quadratic interpolation)

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Stress Distribution along y=0 (bottom edge of mesh)

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