Math-408

Solution of Linear
and Quadratic
Equations
Linear Equation

First order equation

ax + b = 0, a  0
ax = − b
−b
x= b −b b
a − = =
a a −a
b
S.S. = {− }
a
Quadratic Equation

Second order equation

ax + bx + c = 0, a  0
2

Factorization

Completing Square

Quadratic Formula
Exp.: Find the roots of the equation
M-1: Factorization 2x − 3x − 9 = 0
2

2 x + ( −3) x + ( −9) = 0
2

P = ac = 2( −9) = −18,
s = b = −3
Pairwise Facots of P
= (1, 18), ( 2, 9), ( 3, 6)
pair with sum=s is:
( 3, 6) ( +3, −6)

2 x + ( +3 − 6) x + ( −9) = 0
2
2 x + 3 x − 6 x + ( −9) = 0
2

2x + 3x − 6x − 9 = 0
2

x( 2 x + 3) − 3( 2 x + 3) = 0
( 2 x + 3)( x − 3) = 0
or
2x + 3 = 0 x − 3 = 0
2 x = −3 x=3
3
x=−
2
3
S.S. = {3, − }
2
3x + 4x + 1 = 0
2
x + 7 x + 12 = 0
2

9 x − 12 x − 5 = 0
2
x −x=2
2

x ( x + 7 ) = ( 2 x − 1)( x + 4 )

x x +1 5
+ =
x +1 x 2
 Method of Completing Square

(a + b) = (a + b)(a + b)
2
Commutative
Law
= a + ab + ba + b
2 2

= a + 2ab + b
2 2
ab = ba
(a + b) = a + 2ab + b
2 2 2
 a, b  R

(a − b) = a − 2ab + b
2 2 2
Exp.: M-2: Completing Square
2x − 3x − 9 = 0
2

3 9
x − x− =0
2

2 2
3 9
( x) − x =
2

2 2
3 9
( x ) − x + (?) = + (?)
2 2 2

2 2
3 9
( x ) − x + (?) = + (?)
2 2 2

2 2
 3 9
( x ) − x + (?) = + (?)
2 2 2

2 2
2 2 3
3  3 9  3
( x) − x +   = +  
2
2 = 3
2 4 2 4 2 4
2
 3 9 9
 x − 4  = 2 + 16
 

9(8) + 9
2
 3
 x − 4  = 16
 
 2
 3 81
 x − 4  = 16
 
2 2
 3  9
 x− 4 =  4
   
3 9
x− =
4 4
or
3 9 3 9
x− = x− =−
4 4 4 4

9 3 9 3
x= + x=− +
4 4 4 4
 9 3 9 3
x= + x=− +
4 4 4 4
9+ 3 −9 + 3
x= x=
4 4
6
x=3 x=−
4
3
x=−
2
3
S.S. = {3, − }
2
x − 2 x − 899 = 0
2

x + 4 x − 1085 = 0
2

x + 6 x − 567 = 0
2

2 x + 12 x − 110 = 0
2
Quadratic Equation

Second degree equation

ax + bx + c = 0, a  0
2

ax + bx + c = 0
2

b c
x + x+ =0
2

a a
b c
( x) + x = −
2

a a
 b c
( x ) + x + (?) = − + (?)
2 2 2

a a
b
a = b
2 2a
2 2
b  b  c  b 
( x) + x +   = − +  
2

a  2a  a  2a 
2
 b  2
c b
 x + 2a  = − a + 4a 2
 
 −4ac + b
2
 b  2

 x + 2a  =
 
2
4a
b b − 4ac
2
x+ = 2
2a 4a

b b − 4ac
2
x=− 
2a 2a
− b  b − 4ac
2
x= (Quadratic Formula)
2a
 Finding Roots of Quadratic Equation using
Quadratic Formula

2x − 3x − 9 = 0
2

M-3: Quadratic Formula

2x + ( −3) x + ( −9) = 0
2

It is quadratic equation with

a = 2, b = −3, c = −9

− b  b − 4ac2
x= (Quadratic Formula)
2a
 − b  b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a
−( −3)  ( −3) − 4( 2)( −9)
2
x=
2( 2)
3  9 + 72
=
4
3  81
=
4
39
=
4
 39
x=
4
or
3+9 3−9
x= x=
4 4
12 −6
= =
4 4
=3 =−
3
2
3
S.S. = {3, − }
2
5 x − 13 x + 6 = 0
2

15 x + 2ax − a = 0
2 2
 The product of one less than a certain positive
number and two less than 3 times the number is 14.
Find the number
Let the number = x

One less than the number = x-1

Two less than 3 times the number = 3x-2

Then according to condition

( x − 1)( 3 x − 2 ) = 14
3 x − 2 x − 3 x + 2 = 14
2

3 x − 5 x + 2 − 14 = 0
2

3 x − 5 x − 12 = 0
2

3 x − 9 x + 4 x − 12 = 0
2

3 x ( x − 3) + 4 ( x − 3) = 0
( 3 x + 4 )( x − 3 ) = 0
 −4 
S .S =  , 3
 3 
Divide 40 into two parts such that sum of their squares is
greater than 2 times their product by 100.

Let the first part = x

Second part= 40-x

Sum of their squares x 2 + ( 40 − x )

2

=
Then according to condition

x + ( 40 − x ) = 2 x ( 40 − x ) + 100
2 2
 x 2 + ( 40 − x ) = 2 x ( 40 − x ) + 100
2

x 2 + ( 40 − x ) = 2 x ( 40 − x ) + 100
2

x 2 + 1600 + x 2 − 80 x = 80 x − 2 x 2 + 100
2 x 2 − 80 x + 1600 + 2 x 2 − 80 x − 100 = 0
4 x 2 − 160 x + 1500 = 0
x = 15, 25

If one part is 15 then other part is 40-15=25

If one part is 25 then other part is 40-25=15

A farmer bought some sheep for RS. 9000. If he had paid
Rs.100 less for each, he would have got 3 sheep more for
the same money. How many sheep did he buy, when the
rate in each case is uniform.

Let x be the number of

sheep
Amount for x sheep=9000

9000
Amount for 1 x
sheep=
9000
Amount for x+3 sheep=
x+3
Then according to condition

9000 9000
− 100 =
x x+3
Multiply x ( x + 3 ) on both sides
9000 9000
x ( x + 3) − x ( x + 3 ) 100 = x ( x + 3 )
x x+3
9000 x + 27000 − 100 x 2 − 300 x = 9000 x

x 2 + 3 x − 270 = 0

Hence x = 15 is the number of sheep.

Examples

Question 1: The sum of two numbers is 40. If one number is three

times the other, find the numbers.
Answer: The two numbers are 10 and 30.
Question 2: A person buys 5 pens and 3 notebooks for Rs.29. If the
price of one pen is Rs.3, find the price of one notebook.
Answer: The price of one notebook is approximately Rs.4.67.
Examples

Question 3: The product of two consecutive integers is 56. Find the

integers.
Answer: x(x + 1) = 56, solving this equation will bring polynomial
equation of order 2/ quadratic equation. The integers are (7 and 8)
or (-7 and -8).
Examples

Question 4: A rectangular plot has an area of 300 square meters.

Its length is 5 meters more than twice its width. Find the
dimensions of the plot.
Answer: x(2x + 5) = 300, solving this equation will bring polynomial
equation of order 2/ quadratic equation. The dimensions of the plot
are approximately 11.06 m × 27.12 m.
Questions

• Question 1:
The product of two consecutive integers is 72. Find the integers.

• Question 2:
A rectangular plot of land has an area of 200 square meters. The length is 5 meters
more than the width. Find the dimensions of the plot. Hint: 𝑥(𝑥 + 5) = 200

• Question 3:
A car covers a distance of 120 km in two parts. In the first part, it travels at 60
km/h, and in the second part, it travels at 40 km/h. The total time taken is 2.5 hours.
Find the distance traveled in each part.