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Is143 Notes 2

This document discusses the connection between integral and differential calculus, emphasizing the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, which establishes their inverse relationship. It covers the area problem, properties of definite integrals, and the distinction between definite and indefinite integrals. Additionally, it introduces the Net Change Theorem and the Substitution Rule in the context of integral calculus.

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2 views

Is143 Notes 2

This document discusses the connection between integral and differential calculus, emphasizing the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, which establishes their inverse relationship. It covers the area problem, properties of definite integrals, and the distinction between definite and indefinite integrals. Additionally, it introduces the Net Change Theorem and the Substitution Rule in the context of integral calculus.

Uploaded by

gabrielmwela391
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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II: INTEGRAL CALCULUS

Lecture Two

 There is a connection between integral calculus and


differential calculus.
 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus relates the integral
to the derivative, and we will see in this chapter that it
greatly simplifies the solution of many problems.
The Area Problem

Find the area of the following region:


The Definite Integral
Evaluating Integrals
Properties of the Definite Integral
1: then

2:

3:

4:

5:

6:
7:
8:

9:

10:

11:
12:
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus is appropriately
named because it establishes a connection between the two
branches of calculus: differential calculus and integral
calculus.
 Differential calculus arose from the tangent problem,
whereas integral calculus arose from a seemingly unrelated
problem, the area problem.
 Newton’s teacher at Cambridge, Isaac Barrow (1630–1677),
discovered that these two problems are actually closely
related.
In fact, he realized that differentiation and
integration are inverse processes.
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus gives the
precise inverse relationship between the derivative
and the integral.
It was Newton and Leibniz who exploited this
relationship and used it to develop calculus into a
systematic mathematical method.
In particular, they saw that the Fundamental
Theorem enabled them to compute areas and
integrals very easily without having to compute them
as limits of sums
Differentiation and Integration as Inverse Processes
Indefinite Integrals or Antiderivatives

You should distinguish carefully between definite and indefinite


integrals. A definite integral is a number, whereas an
indefinite integral is a function (or family of functions).
Table of Indefinite Integrals
Applications of The Net Change Theorem
The Net Change Theorem:
The integral of a rate of change is the net change::
Substitution Rule

The Substitution Rule


Symmetry in Definite Integral
Integrals of Symmetric Functions

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