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TMS320F2812 DSP Controller for Dynamic

Voltage Restorer (DVR) Application for
Improving of a Three Phase Inverter
R.Omar And N.A Rahim
[email protected]

This paper discusses a control technique improvement sinusoidal ac voltage with low voltage THD and fast
of a three-phase inverter using TMS320F2812 DSP transient response under load disturbances. Another
controller for Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) important aspect of power quality is harmonic distortion.
applications. The output of the inverter is then connected General requirements for harmonic distortion can be
to a voltage grid via a second order filter and injection found in standard [4] and particularly for connection of
transformer. The Control algorithms are developed using distributed resources to grid in [4].
TMS320F 2812 DSP. The proposed technique achieves
voltage regulation with low total harmonics distortion PWM control is the most powerful technique that offers a
(THD) for both voltage and current. This paper also simple method for control of analog systems with the
highlights a series of discussion, analysis and studies processor’s digital output [5]. With the availability of
performed on the proposed control technique, including low cost high performance DSP chips characterized by
L-C filter design issue. An analysis and experimental the execution of most instructions in one instruction
results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control cycle, complicated control algorithms can be executed
solution. with fast speed, making very high sampling rate possible
for digitally-controlled inverters [6]. Fig.1, shows the
Keywords—TMS320F2812 DSP, inverters, Dynamic configuration of the DVR consists an inverter, series or
Voltage Restorer (DVR), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), injection transformer, an inverter, control system and
Filter energy storage. The main function of a DVR is the
protection of sensitive load from any disturbances coming
I. Introduction from network. In this paper, a three-phase voltage will be
generated through the proposed control using
Electronics devices hold substantial promise for making TMS320F2812 DSP. The voltage produced by the
distributed energy applications more efficient and cost inverter must be controlled in order to be in phase with
effective. There is a need to develop advanced power the disturbance in main voltage or supply.
electronics interfaces for the distributed applications with
increased functionality (such as improved power quality, This paper presents in detail the control systems of
voltage/volt-amperes reactive (VAR) support), inverter in order to produce inverter output for DVR
compatibility (such as reduced distributed energy fault application using Texas Instruments Microcontroller
contributions), and flexibility (such as operation with (TMS320F2812). TMS320F2812 is a new generation of
various distributed energy sources) while reducing controller with a main frequency of 150MHz. The speed
overall interconnection costs. The use of voltage source and features of this DSP make it an excellent choice for
inverters is increasing [1]. They are used both for feeding the digital control of an inverter. The modules that are
power from distributed generators to the transmission used in implementing the control of an inverter and the
grid and power to various types of electronic loads. In step involved in programming the control algorithm will
recent years, the number of different power resources also be discussed. Experimental results obtained from
connected to power systems (voltage grids) has increased inverter output will be presented. The implementation of
and there has been a move toward connecting small a control system of an inverter for Dynamic Voltage
power resources to the medium and low voltage network Restorer applications uses a low cost
[2]. TMS320F2812eZdsp board.
Power quality standards for connection of an inverter to
the grid are still under development, since previously
there have been a few similar high power applications. In
[3] it is stated that the power quality is determined by the
voltage quality, when the voltage is a controlled o
variable.
In order to deliver a good ac power the controlled pulse
width modulation (PWM) inverter and L-C output filter
have to convert a dc voltage source (e.g. batteries) to a

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 Latest Trends on Circuits, Systems and Signals

Fig. 3. The frequency response curve of the LC

filter
The filter calculation is done by setting the inductance
value to L= 3.947mH and admitting resonance frequency
Fig. 1. Inverter connected to a grid via filter and equal to 1 kHz, as the equations below:
injection transformer

II. Inverter’s Output Filter Design (2)

Dimensioning
(3)
Fig.2 shows the LC filter for a DVR system where So C = 6.417 uF
transfer function can be described as (1). The frequency
response curve of (1) is shown in Fig.3. From the figure,
it is recognized that the filter has desirable characteristics
III. Proposed Voltage Controller Using TMS
near fundamental frequency region. 320F 2812 DSP

TMS320F2812 is a new generation controller with main

frequency of 150MHz. It has 12-pulse Width Modulation
(PWM) output and 12-bit analog to digital converter. The
fast conversion period, which is about 80ns, is very
suitable for real time sampling.
In this study, eZdsp F2812 DSP board is used for
PWM control application [5]. The application of the
PWM algorithm requires a time reference, a comparison
mechanism, and digital outputs. Event Manager Modules
of the DSP have the General Purpose (GP) Timer that can
be used as time reference, Full Compare/PWM Units as a
comparison mechanism, and have dedicated digital PWM
outputs. The principles of Event Manager Modules and
PWM signal generation process are comprehensively
described in the following sections. There are two event
manager modules in TMS320 F2812 called EVA and
EVB. TMS320 F2812 has six independent pairs of PWM
outputs; three of which are controlled by EVA and the
other three are controlled by EVB [5]. In the study, GP
Timers, Full Compare/PWM Units and PWM outputs are
Fig. 2. LC filter for a DVR system used to generate the gating pulse for the power circuit.
There are two general purpose (GP) timers that can work
= (1) independently from each other. GP Timer1 and 2 are
controlled by EVA, GP Timer3 and 4 are controlled by
EVB. These timers are used to provide a time base for the
operation of compare units and associated PWM circuits
to generate the PWM outputs [6]. Each GP Timer has up
down counter TxCNT, compare register TxCMPR, period
register TxPR, control register TxCON, and direction
input TDIRx registers. The simplified block diagram of

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 Latest Trends on Circuits, Systems and Signals

GP Timer is shown in Fig. 4. There are six compare units

as shown in Fig.5, three of which are in EVA module and
the other three are in EVB module. These registers
depend on the associated GP Timers to generate PWM
signals. The generation of PWM patterns comprises the
following steps: counting mode, GP Timer compare
operation, and carrier signal generation. Details of each
step are mentioned below. There are two counting modes,
controlled by the content of TxCON register that can be
applicable to generate the carrier signal: continuous count
up mode results in asymmetric and continuous count up
down mode results in symmetric carrier waveform. The
timer values are incremented by one for each GP Timer Fig.5. Event Manager Block Diagram
clock pulse [7].
Fig. 6, shows the algorithm of the DSP code for PWM
generation. At each sampling interval,the interrupt loop is
repeated.

Fig. 4. PWM signal generation using EV

Fig. 6: Flow chart of the control implementation

IV. Experimental
The control circuit section is composed of three
parts, namely PC, DSP board and IGBT driver.
The basic circuit diagram of the DSP controlled TMS320F2812 eZdsp is programmed to produce
three-phase inverter is shown in Fig.7. Gate pulses by comparing a triangular carrier wave
Experimental setup procedure can be divided into in 5-KHz and a sinusoidal reference wave in 50-Hz.
two sections, i.e., the control and power circuit. The reference wave amplitude adjusts the frequency
Electrical isolation between control circuit and of the generated AC voltage.
power circuit is provided by the optically coupled
devices.

A. Control Circuit Design

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 Latest Trends on Circuits, Systems and Signals

Fig. 7. DSP controlled Three -phase PWM inverter

B. Power Circuit Design

Fig. 8. Experimental set-up consists of three
The power circuit section is composed of four parts, phase inverter, DSP and filter scheme
namely full bridge inverter circuit, DC power
supply, LC filter and load. PWM inverters include
semiconductor devices with nonlinear
characteristics and can generate dominant
harmonics in the system. The waveform quality of
the sensitive load is improved by putting an LC
filter at the output of the PWM inverter. In order to
design an LC filter, there are many methods
available. Optimum performance can be obtained
by using [6].

V. Results And Discussion

The experimental setup as shown in Fig. 7, is

composed of PC, DSP board, IGBT driver circuit,
full bridge inverter circuit, DC power supply, LC
filter, and oscilloscope (shown in Fig.10). The
proposed system is designed to provide a 50-Hz
sinusoidal waveform on the load with varying
carrier signal 5 KHz). The sampling frequency of
the DSP controller is set at 5-KHz. The design (a)
parameters of the test device are shown in Table 1.

Table1: Main Specification Of The DVR

PARAMETER VALUE
Nominal grid voltage 120V (L-L)
Nominal load voltage 120V(L-L)
Switching/sampling frequency 5 KHz

Max. inverter dc-bus voltage 120 V

Capacitor of dc- bus 26uF
Filter inductance 3.947mF
Filter capacitance 6.417uF

(b)

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 Latest Trends on Circuits, Systems and Signals

Fig. 10.Three phase voltages at Inverter

(c) Output
Fig. 9(a),(b) and (c ). The line voltages of
phase A, B and C before connecting to the
filter.

Fig. 11. Harmonic spectrum of the phase

voltage

Fig. 10. The line voltage of phase A ,B

and C after connecting the filter
Fig. 12. Harmonic spectrum of the phase
current

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[2] IEEE Std. 1159 – 1995, “Recommended Practice for

Monitoring Electric Power Quality”.
[3] IEEE Industry Applications Society Power
Engineering Society, IEEE Recommended Practices
and Requirements for harmonics control in electrical
power systems. Piscatway,NJ: IEEE, 1992
[4] T. Kawabata, T. Miyashita and Y.Yamamoto
“Dead beat control of three phase PWM Inverter,
IEEE Trans, Power Electro, vol 5, pp. 21-28 Jan.
1990
[5] A. Ghosh and G. Ledwich, “Power Quality
Enhancement Using Custom Power Devices,”
Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
[6] TMS320C281x Event Manager Reference
Guide (SPRU065), Texas Instrument.
[7] TMS320C281x Analog to Digital Converter
Fig. 13. Current at each inverter Reference Guide (SPRU066), Texas Instrument.

A prototype consists of three-phase Inverter and

filtering scheme has been developed as shown in
Fig. 8. Fig. 9(a) (b) and (c) show the phase voltage
before connecting the filter. The output of the phase
voltage after connecting filter is shown in Fig. 10.
THD for the voltage and current are shown in Fig.
11 and Fig. 12 respectively. Fig. 13, shows the
balance currents after load connection.

VI. Conclusion

This paper presents the analysis and design of a

digitally controlled three-phase PWM inverter
based on DSP control application in order to
generate three-phase voltage for dynamic voltage
restorer application. The basics of software
optimization and hardware installation for proposed
system have been presented in detail. The detailed
architecture and signal processing components of
the eZdsp F2812 from Texas Instruments have been
clearly described. The proposed technique achieves
voltage regulation with low total harmonics
distortion (THD) for both voltage and current. The
very close agreement of experimental results
illustrates the efficiency, accuracy and dynamic
response of DSP based PWM inverter design.
Three-phase voltages produced by inverter will be
used to inject the missing voltage through injection
transformer which will be discussed in the next
paper.

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to thank UM and UTeM for

providing grant under grant PS002/2009C for this
project.

References
[1] M. H. Bollen, Understanding Power Quality
Problems, Piscataway NJ; IEEE Press, 2000

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