12

Kinetic Theory
TOPIC 1 03 The mean free path λ for a gas,
pM
Kinetic Theory of Gases with molecular diameter d and ⇒ ρ=
RT
and Gas Laws number density n can be
expressed as 249 × 10 3 × 2 × 10 −3
[NEET (Sep.) 2020] =
1 1 . × 300
83
01 The mean free path l for a gas (a) (b)
2 nπ d 2 2 n 2 πd 2 [Qfor hydrogen gas, M = 2 g = 2 × 10 −3 kg]
molecule depends upon diameter,
1 1 ⇒ ρ = 0.2kg/m 3
d of the molecule as (c) (d)
[NEET (Oct.) 2020] 2 n 2 π 2d 2 2 nπ d Hence, correct option is (a).
1 1
(a) l ∝ (b) l ∝ d (c) l ∝ d 2 (d) l ∝ Ans. (a)
d2 d
The mean free path λ for a gas, with
05 Increase in temperature of a gas
Ans. (a) molecular diameterd and number filled in a container would lead to
density n is given by the relation [NEET (National) 2019]
The mean free pathl for a gas molecule
1 (a) increase in its kinetic energy
is given as λ=
1 1 2 nπ d 2 (b) decrease in its pressure
l= ⇒ l∝ 2
2 πnd 2 d Hence, correct option is (a). (c) decrease in intermolecular distance
(d) increase in its mass
where,d = diameter of molecule of gas.
04 A cylinder contains hydrogen gas at Ans. (a)
pressure of 249 kPa and As the temperature of gas in the
02 An ideal gas equation can be
ρRT temperature 27°C. container is increased, the kinetic
written as p = Its density is (R = 8.3 J mol −1 K −1 ) energy also increases. This is because
M0 [NEET (Sep.) 2020] the average kinetic energy of a gas is given
where, ρ and M 0 are respectively, (a) 0.2 kg/m 3 (b) 0.1 kg/m 3 by
(c) 0.02 kg/m 3 (d) 0.5 kg/m 3 f
[NEET (Oct.) 2020] KE = nRT … (i)
(a) mass density, mass of the gas 2
Ans. (a)
(b) number density, molar mass
Given, where,f = degree of freedom,
(c) mass density, molar mass pressure p = 249 kPa = 249 × 10 3 Pa n = number of moles of gas molecules,
(d) number density, mass of the gas Temperature,T = 27 ° C R = universal gas constant, and
Ans. (a) = 273 + 27 K = 300 K T = absolute temperature of the gas.
Ideal gas equation is given as Density, ρ = ? From Eq. (i),
ρRT M
p= ⇒ p⋅ 0 = RT As, from ideal gas equation, KE ∝T
M0 ρ
pV = nRT option (b) is incorrect as increase in
⇒ pV = RT m  as n = m 
M ⇒ pV = RT temperature will lead to increase in
where,V = 0 M  M 
ρ pressure as p ∝T . Other options (c) and
⇒ pVM = mRT (d) are also incorrect as molecular
Hence,ρand M0 are mass density and
mass of gas, respectively. m
⇒ pM = RT = ρRT  as m = ρ distance increases while mass remains
V  V  the same for increase in the temperature.
06 At what temperature will the rms Ans. (a) Ans. (a)
speed of oxygen molecules It is given that Given, M = 4 gm, V = 224 . L,
become just sufficient for escaping v rms = 200 ms−1 ,T1 = 300 K, P1 = 10 5 N/m 2 C V = 5 JK−1mol −1
from the Earth’s atmosphere? v sound = 952m/ s, C p = ?
T2 = 400 K, P2 = 0.05 × 10 5 N/m 2
γpV
(Given: mass of oxygen molecule, As, rms velocity of gas molecules, As, velocity of sound, v sound =
m = 2.76 × 10 −26 kg,  
M
3RT
Boltzmann’s constant Q v rms ∝ T Q v rms =  ⇒ γ=
M 2
V
C
= p
 m  pV sound C V
k B = 1.38 × 10 −23 J K −1 ) [NEET 2018]
(a) 5.016 × 10 4 K For two different cases So, heat capacity at constant pressure,
(b) 8.326 × 10 4 K (v rms ) 1 T M 2
⇒ = 1 C p = C V   v sound
(c) 2.508 × 10 4 K (v rms ) 2 T2  pV 
(d) 1.254 × 10 4 K
200 300 3  4 × 10 −3 
Ans. (b) ⇒ = = = 5 5 −3 
(952) 2
(v rms ) 2 400 4  10 × 224
. × 10 
Key Concept The minimum velocity with
2 400 20
which the body must be projected ⇒ (v rms ) 2 = × 200 = ms−1 = × (952) × 10
2 −5

vertically upwards, so that it could 3 3 224.

escape from the Earth’s atmosphere, is = 809200
. × 10 −5
its escape 08 A given sample of an ideal gas = 809
. J/mol K
velocity (v e ).
occupies a volume V at a pressure
As, v e = 2gR p and absolute temperatureT. The 10 Two vessels separately contain two
Substituting the value of g (9.8 ms−2 ) and mass of each molecule of the gas ideal gases A and B at the same
radius of Earth (R = 6.4 × 10 6 m), we get is m. Which of the following gives temperature, the pressure of A
v e = 2 × 9.8 × 6.4 × 10 6 the density of the gas? [NEET 2016] being twice that of B. Under such
≅ 11.2 km s−1 = 11200 m s−1 (a) p / (kT ) (b) pm / (kT ) conditions, the density of A is
(c) p / (kTV) (d) mkT found to be 1.5 times the density of
Let the temperature of molecule beT
when it attainsv e . Ans.(b) B. The ratio of molecular weight of
As we know that A and B is [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
According to the question,
1 nm 2 2 3
v rms = v e Pressure, p = ⋅ vrms (a) (b)
3 V 3 4
where,v rms is the rms speed of the oxygen 1
Q nm = mass of the gas,V = volume of (c) 2 (d)
molecule. 2
the gas
3kBT mn Ans. (b)
⇒ = 11.2 × 10 3 ∴ = density of the gas. Thus,
mO 2 V Vessel-I Vessel-II

(11.2 × 10 3 ) 2 (mO 2 ) 1 2 1 3RT ρRT Ideal Ideal

p = pv rms = ρ =
or T= 2 3 M0 M0 Gas A Gas B
(3kB )
 3RT  T T
Substituting the given values, i.e., Qvrms = 
  ρA = 1.5 ρB ρB
 M0 
R B = 1.38 × 10 −23 JK−1 and ρA = 2ρB pB
pM0 pmN A
mO 2 = m = 2.76 × 10 −26 kg ρ= =
RT k N A T According to ideal gas equation, we have
We get, ρRT
[Q R = N A k and M0 = mN A ] Pressure, p = , where M is molecular
(11.2 × 10 3 ) 2 (2.76 × 10 −26 )
T= pm M
(3 × 1.38 × 10 −23
) ρ=
kT weight of ideal gas.
= 8.3626 × 10 4 K p RT
Such that, =
09 4.0 g of a gas occupies 22.4 L at ρ M
07 The molecules of a given mass of a NTP. The specific heat capacity of ρRT
gas have r.m.s. velocity of 200 ms −1 ⇒ M=
the gas at constant volume is P
at 27°C and 1.0 × 10 5 Nm −2 pressure. 5.0 JK − 1 mol − 1 . If the speed of where, R andT are constants.
When the temperature and sound in this gas at NTP is 952ms − 1 , ρ
pressure of the gas are So, M ∝
then the heat capacity at constant p
respectively, 127°C and 0.05 × 10 5 pressure is (Take gas constant MA ρA pB
Nm −2 , the rms velocity of its R = 8.3 JK − 1 mol − 1 ) ⇒ = ×
MB ρB pA
molecules in ms −1 is [NEET 2016] [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
400 100 2 100 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) 100 2 (a) 8.0 JK mol (b) 7.5 JK − 1 mol − 1
− 1 − 1 = 1.5 × = 0.75 =
3 3 3 2 4
(c) 7.0 JK − 1 mol − 1 (d) 8.5 JK − 1 mol − 1
11 The mean free path of molecules of 14 During an adiabatic process, the 16 The molar specific heat at constant
a gas, (radius r) is inversely pressure of a gas is found to be pressure of an ideal gas is (7/2)R.
proportional to [CBSE AIPMT 2014] proportional to the cube of its The ratio of specific heat at
(a) r 3 (b) r 2 (c) r (d) r Cp constant pressure to that at
temperature. The ratio of for
Ans. (d) CV constant volume is
Mean free path (l) is given by [CBSE AIPMT 2006]
the gas is [NEET 2013]
1 1 (a) 7/5 (b) 8/7 (c) 5/7 (d) 9/7
l= ⇒ l∝ 2 (a)
4
(b) 2 (c)
5
(d)
3
2nπd 2 d 3 3 2 Ans. (a)
1 We have given molar specific heat at
So, l∝ 2 Ans. (d)
r instant pressure
 r = radius of the  According to question, 7
Cp = R
 molecules of gas p ∝T 3 …(i) 2
 
 p = pressure  Mayer’s relation can be written as :
 
12 The molar specific heats of an ideal T = temperature Molar specific heat at constant pressure
– Molar specific heat at constant volume
gas at constant pressure and and we know that = Gas constant,
volume are denoted by C p and C V
Cp pV = nRT and pV ∝T …(ii) i.e. C p – C V = R ⇒ C V = C p – R
respectively. If γ = and R is the So, putting Eq. (ii) in (i), 7 5  7 
CV = R –R = R Q Cp = R
p ∝ (pV ) 3 2 2  2 
universal gas constant, then C V is
⇒ p2 V 3 = constant Hence, required ratio is
equal to [NEET 2013]
⇒ = constant  7
1+ γ
3/2
(γ − 1) pV …(iii)
C p  2 
R R
(a) (b) (c) (d) γR 7
1− γ (γ − 1) R ⇒Comparing Eq. (iii) with γ= = =
CV  5 5
pV γ = constant.  R
Ans. (b)  2
As we know that We have γ = 3 /2.

Cp − CV = R 17 The equation of state for 5 g of

15 At 10°C the value of the density of a
Cp = R + CV oxygen at a pressure p and
fixed mass of an ideal gas divided
Cp
=γ
temperatureT, when occupying a
and (given) by its pressure is x. At 110°C this
CV volume V, will be [CBSE AIPMT 2004]
ratio is [CBSE AIPMT 2008]
R + CV  5
So, = γ ⇒ γ CV = R + CV 383 10 283 (a) pV =   RT (b) pV = 5 RT
CV (a) x (b) x (c) x (d) x  32 
283 110 383
⇒ γ CV − CV = R  5 5
Ans. (d) (c) pV =   RT (d) pV =   RT
R  2  16 
⇒ CV = Concept Use ideal gas equation to find
γ −1 Ans.(a)
the ratio between density of a fixed
mass of an ideal gas and its pressure. Number of moles,
13 In the given (V-T) diagram, what is Ideal gas equation m 5
n= =
the relation between pressures p 1 pV = nRT molecular weight 32
and p2 ? [NEET 2013] pV 1 Qn = m  As, from ideal gas equation
= RT  
V m M  M 5
pV = nRT ⇒ pV = RT
p2 p RT  V 1 32
= Q = 
ρ M  m ρ
p1 18 An ideal gas at 27°C is compressed
ρ 1 8
∴ ∝
θ2 p T adiabatically to of its original
θ1
27
T Molecular mass M and universal gas volume. The rise in temperature is
(a) p2 = p1 constant R remains same for a gas.  5
(b) p2 > p1 So, for two different situations i.e. at γ = 
 3
(c) p2 < p1 two different temperatures and [CBSE AIPMT 1999]
(d) Cannot be predicted densities (a) 475°C (b) 402°C
(c) 275°C (d) 375°C
Ans. (c) ρ1 / p1 T2 x 383K
∴ = ⇒ =
According to question, ρ2 / p2 T1 (ρ2 / p2 ) 283 K Ans. (d)
1 In an adiabatic process
Slope of the graph ∝ ρ2 283
Pressure p ⇒ = x p = pressure
p2 383
So, p2 < p1 V = volume
 γ = atomicity of gas and final volume V2 =   V
1
v = average velocity of gas molecules
γ
pV = constant ...(i)  8
2 1
or p = n⋅ mv 2 (Qρ = mn)
Now from ideal gas equation, Putting these values in Eq. (i) 3 2
7/5 − 1
pV = RT (for one mole)   1
Now, mv 2 = average kinetic energy of a
V 
γ−1  
RT  V  2
or p = ...(ii) T2 = 291  1  = 291
V  V2    1  gas molecule (KE)
   V 
(R = gas constant)  8  2
Therefore, p = n KE
7 3
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have (γ = for diatomic gas)
 RT  V γ = constant 5 If N is total number of gas molecules in
 
 V  = 291 × 2.297 = 668.4K volume V, then

T V γ − 1 = constant ...(iii) No of gas molecules per unit volume

20 The pressure of a gas is raised N
So for two different cases of n=
temperature and volume from 27°C to 927°C. The root mean V
γ−1 square speed [CBSE AIPMT 1994] 2 N 1 
So, T1V1 = T2 V2γ − 1 ∴ p = ⋅  mv 2 
γ−1  927 3 V 2 
T2 V  (a) is   times the earlier value
or = 1 ...(iv)  27  2  1 
T1  V2  or pV = N (KE)

KE = mv 2

(b) remains the same 3 2
Given, T1 = 27 ° C (c) gets halved Also, from Eq. (i),
= 27 + 273 = 300 K (d) gets doubled 2 1
p = ⋅ ρv 2
V2 8 5 3 2
Given, = ,γ = Ans. (d)
V1 27 3 RMS speed is defined as the square root 1 2
Now, ρv = average kinetic energy of
Substituting in Eq. (i), we get of the mean of the squares of the 2
5 /3 − 1 random velocities of the individual the gas per unit volume.
T2  27 
=  molecules of a gas. From Maxwellian 2
300  8  distribution law, RMS speed is given by Therefore, p = E
2 /3
3
 3  3   3kT 
or
T2
=    crms =  
300   2    m  22 Three containers of the same
  volume contain three different
2 ⇒ c rms ∝ T
T2  3 9 gases. The masses of the molecules
or =  = For two different cases i.e. at two
300  2  4 different temperatures are m 1 , m2 and m3 and the number of
9 molecules in their respective
∴ T2 = × 300 = 675 K = 402° C (c rms ) 1 T
4 ∴ = 1 containers are N 1 , N 2 and N 3 . The
(c rms ) 2 T2
Thus, rise in temperature gas pressure in the containers are
= T2 − T1 = 402 − 27 = 375 ° C Here, T1 = 27 ° C = 300 K p 1 , p2 and p3 respectively. All the
T2 = 927 ° C = 1200 K gases are now mixed and put in one
19 A diatomic gas initially at 18°C is ∴
(c rms ) 1
=
300
=
1 of these containers. The pressure p
compressed adiabatically to (c rms ) 2 1200 2 of the mixture will be
one-eight of its original volume. [CBSE AIPMT 1991]
⇒ (c rms ) 2 = 2 (c rms ) 1
The temperature after (a) p < (p1 + p2 + p3 )
Hence, root mean square speed will be
compression will be p + p2 + p3
doubled. (b) p = 1
[CBSE AIPMT 1996] 3
(a) 18°C (b) 668.4 K 21 Relation between pressure (p) and (c) p = p1 + p2 + p3
(c) 395.4°C (d) 144°C energy (E) of a gas is (d) p > (p1 + p2 + p3 )
Ans. (b) [CBSE AIPMT 1991] Ans. (c)
2 1 According to Dalton’s law of partial
According to adiabatic process the (a) p = E (b) p = E
relation between temperature and 3 3 pressure, the total pressure exerted by a
volume is given by 3 mixture of gases, which do not interact
(c) p = E (d) p = 3 E with each other, is equal to sum of the
2
TV γ − 1 = constant partial pressures which each would
So, for two different cases Ans. (a) exert, if alone occupied the same volume
Pressure exerted by gas molecules is at the given temperature. When gases
∴ T1V1γ − 1 = T2 V2γ − 1 …(i) are put in one container, then pressure p
1
p = ρv 2 …(i) of the mixture will be
Given, initial temperature 3
p = p1 + p2 + p3
T1 = 18° C = 291 K where, ρ = density of gas
Let initial volumeV1 = V
23 One mole of an ideal gas requires Cp R 27 At 27°C a gas is compressed
⇒ =
207 J heat to rise the temperature 3 J suddenly such that its pressure
by 10 K when heated at constant ⇒ Cp =
3R  1
becomes   of original pressure.
pressure. If the same gas is heated J  8
at constant volume to raise the  5
temperature by the same 10 K, the 25 For hydrogen gas C p − C V = a and Final temperature will be  γ = 
 3
heat required is (Given the gas for oxygen gas C p − C V = b, so the
constant R = 8.3J/mol-K) relation between a and b is given by [CBSE AIPMT 1989]
[CBSE AIPMT 1990] [CBSE AIPMT 1991]
(a) 420 K (b) 300 K
(a) 198.7 J (b) 29 J (a) a = 16b (c) −142 ° C (d) 327 K
(c) 215.3 J (d) 124 J (b) 16b = a Ans. (c)
Ans. (d) (c) a = 4b The adiabatic relation between p and V
Molar specific heat of a substance is (d) a = b for a perfect gas is
defined as the amount of heat required
to raise the temperature of one gram Ans. (d) pV γ = k (a constant) …(i)
mole of the substance through a unit Both hydrogen and oxygen are diatomic Again from standard gas equation
degree. gases and C p − C V = R is same for all RT
pV = nRT ⇒ V =
gases, hencea = b, providedC p and C V
As (dQ ) p = µC p dT …(i) p
are gram molar specific heats.
(At constant pressure) Putting in Eq. (i), we get
If it was the case of specific heat of 1 g R γT γ
and (dQ ) V = µC V dT …(ii) R p γ =k
Cp − CV = r = p
(At constant volume) m
R R k
∴ Cp − CV = (for H, = a) or p1 − γT γ = γ = another constant
Given, (dQ ) p = 207 J 2 2 R
R = 8.3 J/mol-K R R i.e. p1 − γT γ = constant
Cp − CV = for O 2 , = b)
dT = 10 K 32 32
Comparing two different situations,
R = 2 a = 32 b
Putting value in Eq. (i) p11 − γT1γ = p21 − γT2γ
a = 16b
207 = 1 × C p × 10  1
Here, p2 =   p1
∴ C p = 20.7 J/kg 26 According to kinetic theory of  8
As C p − C V = R = 8.3 gases, at absolute zero T1 = 27 ° C = 273 + 27 = 300 K
C V = 20.7 − 8.3 = 12.4 J
temperature [CBSE AIPMT 1990] T2 = ?, γ =
5
(a) water freezes 3
∴ (dQ ) V = 1 × 12.4 × 10 γ 1− γ
(b) liquid helium freezes  T2  p 
= 124J ∴   =  1 
(c) molecular motion stops  T1   p2 
(d) liquid hydrogen freezes
24 For a certain gas the ratio of  T2 
5 /3

or   = (8) 1 − 5 / 3 = (8) − 2 / 3
specific heats is given to be γ = 1.5, Ans. (c)
 300 
for this gas [CBSE AIPMT 1990] According to kinetic theory of gases, the
pressure p exerted by one mole of an ⇒ T2 = 130 .6 K
3R 3R
(a) C V = (b) C p = ideal gas is given by ∴ T2 = − 142°C
J J 1M 2 1
5R 5R p= c or pV = Mc 2
(c) C p = (d) C p = 3V 3 28 At constant volume temperature is
J J 1
or Mc 2 = RT …(i) increased, then [CBSE AIPMT 1989]
Ans. (b) 3
(a) collision on walls will be less
Cp 3
Given, γ = = 1.5 = where c is root mean square velocity of (b) number of collisions per unit time will
CV 2 gas. increase
2 From Eq. (i), whenT = 0, c = 0 (c) collisions will be in straight lines
∴ CV = Cp
3 Hence, absolute zero of temperature (d) collisions will not change
Again from Mayer’s formula may be defined as that temperature at Ans. (b)
R which root mean square velocity of the
Cp − CV = On raising the temperature, the average
J gas molecules reduces to zero. It means velocity of the gas molecules increases.
2 R molecular motion ceases at absolute As a result of which more molecules
∴ Cp − Cp = zero.
3 J collide with the walls or number of
collisions per unit time will increase.
 30 The average thermal energy for a 2 5
TOPIC 2 ∴ γ = 1+ =
3 3
monoatomic gas is (where, k B is
Degree of Freedom and Boltzmann constant and T is The diatomic gas X also have vibrational
Law of Equipartition of Energy absolute temperature.) motion, so degree of freedom is 7 (3
[NEET (Sep.) 2020] translational, 2 rotational and 2
29 Match Column l with Column ll and 3 5 7 1 vibrational).
(a) kBT (b) kBT (c) kBT (d) kBT
choose the correct match from the 2 2 2 2 2 9
∴ γ = 1+ =
given choices. [NEET 2021] Ans. (a) 7 7
The average thermal energy of a system
Column I Column II with degree of freedomf is equals to its 32 A gas mixture consists of 2 moles
A. Root mean square of 1. 1 average energy, which is given as of O2 and 4 moles of Ar at
nmv 2
gas molecules 3 temperature T. Neglecting all
f
B. Pressure exerted by 2. = kB ⋅T
3RT 2 vibrational modes, the total internal
ideal gas M For monoatomic gas, f = 3 energy of the system is [NEET 2017]
C. Average kinetic 3. 5 3 (a) 4RT (b) 15 RT
RT ∴Average thermal energy = kB ⋅T
energy of a molecule 2 2 (c) 9 RT (d) 11RT
D. Total internal energy 4. 3 Hence, correct option is (a).
kBT Ans. (d)
of 1 mole of a 2
diatomic gas  Cp  Total internal energy of system = Internal
31 The value of γ  =  , for hydrogen, energy of oxygen molecules + Internal
Codes  CV  energy of argon molecules
A B C D helium and another ideal diatomic f f 5 3
= 1 n1 RT + 2 n2 RT = × 2RT + × 4RT
(a) 3 1 4 2 gas X (whose molecules are not 2 2 2 2
(b) 2 3 4 1
rigid but have an additional = 11RT
(c) 2 1 4 3
(d) 3 2 1 4 vibrational mode), are respectively
equal to [NEET (Odisha) 2019] 33 One mole of an ideal monatomic gas
Ans. (c) undergoes a process described by
7 5 9 5 7 9
(a) , , (b) , ,
We know that, the rms speed of the gas
5 3 7 3 5 7 the equation pV 3 = constant. The
molecules, 5 77 7 5 7
(c) , (d) , , heat capacity of the gas during this
v rms = 3RT / M 3 55 5 3 5 process is [NEET 2016]
Here, T is the temperature of the gas, Ans. (a) 3 5
(a) R (b) R (c) 2R (d) R
R is the universal gas constant, The poisson’s ratio, 2 2
M is the molar mass of the gas. CP
γ= …(i) Ans. (d)
Pressure exerted by an ideal gas, CV As we know that for polytropic process
1
p = nmv 2 where,C p = molar heat capacity of index α specific heat capacity
3 R
constant pressure = CV +
Here, n is the number of moles, 1−α
m is the mass of the gas, and C V = molar heat capacity at constant Q Process, pV 3 = constant ⇒ α = 3
v is the average speed of the gas volume R fR R
∴ C = CV + = +
molecules. Also, C p = C V + R (from Mayer’s relation) 1−α 2 1−3
The average kinetic energy of a f fR 3R
C V = R (where,f = degree of freedom) where, C V = =
molecule, 2 2 2
3
KEav = kBT f  3R
2 ⇒ Cp =  + 1 R For monatomic gas, f = 3 =
2  2
Here, kB is the Boltzmann constant,
3R R
T is the temperature of the gas. So, Eq. (i) becomes, ⇒ C= − =R
2 2 2
For diatomic gas, degree of freedom, ⇒ γ = 1+
f=5 f
For hydrogen gas, which is diatomic, the
34 The amount of heat energy
As, total internal energy of 1 mole of
diatomic gas, degree of freedom is 5 (3 translational, 2
required to raise the temperature
nf RT of 1 g of helium at NTP, fromT 1 K to
∆U = rotational).
2 2 7 T2 K is [NEET 2013]
1 (5) RT 5RT ∴ γ = 1+ = 3 3
⇒ ∆U = ⇒ ∆U = 5 5 (a) N a K B (T2 − T1 ) (b) N a K B (T2 − T1 )
2 2 8 2
For helium gas, which is monoatomic,
The correct match is A→ 2, B→ 1, C → 4 3 3 T2 
the degree of freedom is 3 (3 (c) N a K B (T2 − T1 ) (d) N a K B  
and D → 3. 4 4  T1 
translational only).
 Ans. (a) 37 The degrees of freedom of a Each monoatomic, diatomic and
F triatomic gas has three translatory
We know that, Q = nR ∆T molecule of a triatomic gas are
2 degree of freedom.
[CBSE AIPMT 1999]
∴ Amount of heat required, (a) 2 (b) 4 R
3 1 3 (c) 6 (d) 8 39 If for a gas, = 0.67, this gas is
Q = × × K BN a ∆T = N a K B (T2 − T1 ) CV
2 4 8 Ans. (c)
made up of molecules which are
The molecule of a triatomic gas has a
35 The ratio of the specific heats [CBSE AIPMT 1992]
tendency of rotating about any of three
Cp coordinate axes. So, it has 6 degrees of (a) diatomic
= γ in terms of degrees of freedom, 3 translational and 3 rotational. (b) mixture of diatomic and polyatomic
CV molecules
At high enough temperature a triatomic
freedom (n) is given by molecule has 2 vibrational degree of (c) monoatomic
[CBSE AIPMT 2015] freedom. But as temperature (d) polyatomic
 1  n requirement is not given, so we answer
(a)  1 +  (b) 1 +  Ans. (c)
 n  3 simply by assuming triatomic gas
R 3
 2  n molecule at room temperature. CV = ≈ 1.5 R = R
(c) 1 +  (d) 1 +  0.67 2
 n  2 Thus, f = 6
This is the case of monoatomic gases.
Z
Ans. (c) 3
when CV = R
The specific heat of gas at constant 2
Y
volume in terms of degree of freedom n
is 40 A polyatomic gas with n degrees of
CV = R
n freedom has a mean energy per
2 molecule given by
P X
AlsoC p − C V = R [CBSE AIPMT 1989]
nkT nkT
n  n (a) (b)
So Cp = R + R = R  1 +  (3 translational + 3 rotational) at room N 2N
2  2
temperature. nkT 3kT
 n (c) (d)
R  1+  2 2
Cp  2 2 38 The number of translational degree
Now γ= = = +1
CV n n of freedom for a diatomic gas is Ans. (c)
R
2 [CBSE AIPMT 1993] Concept If there is sudden compression
without exchange of heat the process
(a) 2 (b) 3 will be adiabatic.
36 The gases carbon-monoxide (CO) (c) 5 (d) 6
and nitrogen at the same According to law of equipartition of
Ans. (b) energy for any dynamical system in
temperature have kinetic energies Number of degree of freedom of a thermal equilibrium, the total energy is
E 1 and E 2 respectively. Then dynamical system is obtained by distributed equally amongst all the
[CBSE AIPMT 2000] subtracting the number of independent degrees of freedom and the energy
(a) E1 = E2 relations from the total number of associated with each molecule per
coordinates required to specify the 1
(b) E1 > E2 degree of freedom is kT.For a
positions of constituent particles of the 2
(c) E1 < E2
system. polyatomic gas with n degrees of
(d) E1 and E2 cannot be compared freedom the mean energy per molecule
If A = number of particles in the system,
1
Ans. (a) R = number of independent relations = nkT.
The gases carbon-monoxide (CO) and 2
among the particles,
nitrogen (N2) are diatomic, so both have N = number of degree of freedom of the K = Boltzmann constant
5 n = degree of freedom
equal kinetic energy kT, i.e. E 1 = E 2 . system, then
2 N = 3A − R T = Temperature