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7 Important JavaScript Concepts PDF

The document outlines seven key JavaScript concepts: Hoisting, Closure, Scope, Callbacks, Promises, Async/Await, and Currying. Each concept is explained with definitions and examples, highlighting their importance in JavaScript programming. The content is designed to help readers master essential JavaScript skills for effective coding.

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Pavithra Tamilmani
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

7 Important JavaScript Concepts PDF

The document outlines seven key JavaScript concepts: Hoisting, Closure, Scope, Callbacks, Promises, Async/Await, and Currying. Each concept is explained with definitions and examples, highlighting their importance in JavaScript programming. The content is designed to help readers master essential JavaScript skills for effective coding.

Uploaded by

Pavithra Tamilmani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SM

S O U V I K M I T R A
February 2024

@THECODEMITTER

Mastering the Essentials:


7 Key JavaScript
Concepts

Presented by :
Souvik Mitra Swipe
7 KEY JAVASCRIPT CONCEPTS

Hoisting
Hoisting in JavaScript is a mechanism where
variable and function declarations are moved to
the top of their containing scope during the
compilation phase, before the code is executed.

Despite being declared later in the code, the


variable myVar is hoisted to the top of its
containing scope, resulting in the output
undefined when logged before its initialization.
The function myFunction is hoisted to the top
of its containing scope, allowing it to be invoked
before its actual declaration in the code.

@THECOD EMITTER PAGE 2


7 KEY JAVASCRIPT CONCEPTS

Closure
A closure is a combination of a function and the
lexical environment within which that function
was declared. It allows a function to access
variables from its surrounding scope even after
the outer function has finished executing.

outerFunction defines an inner function


innerFunction.
innerFunction has access to outerVariable, even
though outerVariable is declared in the outer
scope of outerFunction.
When outerFunction is invoked and
closureExample is assigned the returned
innerFunction, closureExample becomes a
closure, retaining access to outerVariable even
though outerFunction has finished executing.
@THECOD EMITTER PAGE 3
7 KEY JAVASCRIPT CONCEPTS

Scope
Scope in JavaScript refers to the visibility and
accessibility of variables and functions within a
particular context or region of code.

Global Scope: Variables and functions declared


outside of any function or block have global
scope. They are accessible from anywhere in the
code, including inside functions.

Local Scope: Variables declared inside a


function or block have local scope. They are only
accessible within the function or block in which
they are declared.

@THECOD EMITTER PAGE 4


7 KEY JAVASCRIPT CONCEPTS

Block scope: It refers to the visibility and


accessibility of variables declared using the let
and const keywords within a block of code, such
as within curly braces {}. Unlike variables
declared with var, which have function scope or
global scope, variables declared with let and
const have block scope, meaning they are only
accessible within the block in which they are
defined.

@THECOD EMITTER PAGE 5


7 KEY JAVASCRIPT CONCEPTS

Callbacks
A callback function is a function that is
passed as an argument to another function
and is executed after a particular task or
event has occurred. It allows for
asynchronous programming by providing a
way to handle actions that occur at
unpredictable times, such as the completion
of an asynchronous operation like fetching
data from a server or handling user
interactions like clicking a button.

@THECOD EMITTER PAGE 6


7 KEY JAVASCRIPT CONCEPTS

Promises
Promises were introduced as a solution to
callback hell where multiple nested callback
functions are used to handle asynchronous
operations. It allows you to handle
asynchronous operations more easily and
efficiently compared to traditional callback-
based approaches.
A Promise can be in one of three states:
1. Pending: Initial state, neither fulfilled nor
rejected.
2. Fulfilled: The operation completed
successfully.
3. Rejected: The operation failed.

@THECOD EMITTER PAGE 7


7 KEY JAVASCRIPT CONCEPTS

Promises have a then() method, which


allows you to specify what to do when the
promise is fulfilled or rejected. This method
takes two callback functions as arguments:
one for handling the fulfillment (onFulfilled)
and one for handling the rejection
(onRejected). The catch() method is used to
handle any errors that occur during the
Promise chain.

Promises provide a more structured and


intuitive way to work with asynchronous
code, making it easier to manage complex
asynchronous operations and handle errors
more effectively.

@THECOD EMITTER PAGE 8


7 KEY JAVASCRIPT CONCEPTS

Async & Await


Async/await is a modern JavaScript feature
that allows you to write asynchronous code
in a synchronous-like manner, making it
easier to read and understand compared to
traditional Promise-based code. It is built on
top of Promises and provides a more
intuitive syntax for handling asynchronous
operations.

@THECOD EMITTER PAGE 9


7 KEY JAVASCRIPT CONCEPTS

Currying
Currying is a technique in JavaScript where
a function with multiple arguments is
transformed into a sequence of functions,
each taking a single argument. This allows
you to create new functions by partially
applying the original function with some of
its arguments, resulting in a more flexible
and reusable code.

@THECOD EMITTER PAGE 10


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