DEVELOPMENT

CLASS-X NOTES

Created By - Kalakesh Rathod

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 ○
• Introduction
→ ● Developmental goals of any particular
idea vary from person to person.
→ ● Apart from personal development, we
should definitely think of a country's
development.
→ ● Development is defined as the people’s
economic growth, along
→ with the growth of their basic needs like
education, health, lifestyle,etc.
→ ● The main aim of development is to
update as per the demand of time.
→ ● For example: to generate electricity, a
dam is constructed over a river where
nearby mass is considered for
construction resulting in the development
of society and country.
→ ● It causes destruction for farmers and
the lives of people living
→ nearby.
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• Income and Other Goals
→ ● Money is considered to be the basic need of
people and to fullfill their daily requirements
making money or income is very important.
→ ● Money is required to buy materialistic
things as well as freedom ,security,
treatment, respect to maintain a quality
lifestyle.
→ ● Hence, developmental goals are necessary
to get a better income and other things in
life.
• National Development
● It is defined as a country’s ability to
enhance the living standards outfits residents.
● For people, belief in nations' development is
different.
● Improvement in people’s living standards,
providing basic things to citizens like food,
education, social service, medical aid, etc, and
increase in per capital income, is referred to as
National development.
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National development.

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• How Can You Differentiate
Different Countries or States?
→ ● Income is a key feature to compare
countries.
→ ● Countries that have higher income are
called developed countries and vice versa.
→ ● The income of a country is about the
income of the citizens of that country.
→ ● National income: it is the sum of the total
value of the country’s goods and services
produced in a year. As every country has a
→ different population rate, so National income
cannot be considered to compare between
different countries.
→ ● Per capital income: it is also called average
income, defined as a country's total earnings
divided by the whole population. It shows the
living standard of the citizens of the
country.
→ ● The average income of the country is the
ratio of the overall income of the country to
the overall population of the country.
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• Income and Other Criteria
→ ● To achieve a goal, people earn more and want
respect from others, the security of their lives, and
freedom.
→ ● If we consider per capitaL in the country’s
development, then Goa is the most developed and
Bihar is the least developed state in India.
→ ● Net attendance ratio: defined as the total
number of children, the age group from 14 years
attending the school from the total percentage of
children in the same age group.
→ ● Literacy rate: it is the total number of people
above 7 years who can write, read and
understand. If the literacy rate is high, then the
state is considered to be developed. Kerala has the
highest literacy rate of 96.2% and Andhra
Pradesh has the lowest literacy rate of 66.4%.
→ ● Infant mortality rate: it is the total number of
children that die in one year of age as a
proportion of 1000 births in a year. It shows how
efficient health facilities are in any country.
Kerala has the lowest infant mortality rate, that
is deaths per 1000 live births and Madhya
Pradesh has the highest mortality rate that is 48
per 1000 live births
→ in India.
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→ in India.

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• Human Development Index
● The United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP) prepares this index, in which an annual
report of human development is published every
year.
● The major parameters include per capita income,
literacy rate, and durability of a person’s life, which
measure the countries’ development.
● Countries are marked as very high, high,
medium, and low developed countries respectively.
● Apart from infant mortality rate, literacy rate,
net attendance ratio; the BMI index also plays an
important role.
• Body Mass Index (BMI)
is measured to measure the adults who are
undernourished by calculating the weight of the
person (kg) divided by the square of the height.
If the value is less than 18.5, the person is
undernourished and if it is more than 25, then
the person is highly obese.

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• Public Facilities
→ ● Public facilities play a major role in the
development of the country.
→ ● These are the facilities provided by the
government like schools, transportation,
electricity, hospitals, residences, community
halls,etc.
→ ● These facilities are important as we cannot
purchase every major facility.
• Sustainable Development
→ ● It is the development that meets all needs
of today’s generation.
→ ● It is the development of a nation without
affecting the environment.
→ ● To achieve sustainable development, we
should use non-renewable
→ resources such as carbon-based fuel wisely.

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