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Biology - Lab Report

The document outlines two experiments investigating chemical reactions. Experiment 1 demonstrates that the reaction between citric acid and baking soda is endothermic, as indicated by a temperature drop from 22.6°C to 20.5°C. Experiment 2 shows that the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid is exothermic, with a temperature increase from 23.8°C to 34.7°C.

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22 views4 pages

Biology - Lab Report

The document outlines two experiments investigating chemical reactions. Experiment 1 demonstrates that the reaction between citric acid and baking soda is endothermic, as indicated by a temperature drop from 22.6°C to 20.5°C. Experiment 2 shows that the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid is exothermic, with a temperature increase from 23.8°C to 34.7°C.

Uploaded by

ambubine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT 1

Statement of the Problem:


We would like to find the Evidence of a chemical reaction.

Hypothesis (Experiment 1)
I think that adding baking soda (NaHCO3) will decrease the temperature of
Citric Acid in the reaction between Baking Soda and Citric Acid. Therefore,
making an endothermic reaction.

Materials (Experiment 1)
- 250mL beaker
- Citric Acid Solution
- Temperature Probe
- Baking Soda
- 50 mL graduated Cylinder
- Balance
- Styrofoam cup
- Small Beaker
- Weighing Boat
- Stirring cup

Procedure:
1. Wear goggles
2. Place a polystyrene cup into the beaker.
3. Measure 4g of citric acid (H3C6H5O7) using a balance and add to 30ml of
water measured. Using a measuring cylinder. Stir.
4. Add this solution to the polystyrene cup
5. Record Temperature
6. Add 1g of baking soda (NaHCO3)
7. Stir the solution
8. Observe and record the temperature change over 3 minutes
9. Dispose down the sink. Rinse equipment

Results:
Experiment 1

Initial Temperature (in °C) 22.6

Final Temperature (in °C) 20.5


Change In Temperature -2.1

Conclusions:
The objective of this experiment was to provide evidence of a chemical
reaction between citric acid (H₃C₆H₅O₇) and baking soda (NaHCO₃) and to
determine whether this reaction is endothermic or exothermic by observing
the temperature change.

The initial temperature of the citric acid solution was measured at 22.6°C.
After adding 1g of baking soda to the solution and stirring, the final
temperature was recorded as 20.5°C. This resulted in a change in
temperature of -2.1°C.

Based on the observed temperature change, it is evident that the reaction


between citric acid and baking soda is endothermic. The decrease in
temperature indicates that heat was absorbed from the surroundings during
the reaction, supporting the hypothesis made prior to the experiment.

The endothermic nature of this reaction can be explained by the fact that in
the process of citric acid and baking soda reacting, energy is required to
break certain chemical bonds, leading to the absorption of heat from the
environment. As a result, the surroundings cool down, leading to a decrease
in temperature.

In conclusion, this experiment provides clear evidence of a chemical reaction


between citric acid and baking soda, and it confirms that the reaction is
indeed endothermic, as hypothesised. This observation aligns with the
fundamental principles of endothermic reactions in chemistry, where heat is
absorbed from the surroundings, resulting in a decrease in temperature
during the reaction.
EXPERIMENT 2
Statement of the Problem:
We would like to find the Evidence of a chemical reaction.

Hypothesis (Experiment 2)
I think that adding magnesium will increase the temperature of Citric Acid in the
reaction between Baking Soda and Citric Acid. Therefore, making an
endothermic reaction.

Materials (Experiment 2)
- 250mL beaker
- Magnesium
- Temperature Probe
- Hydrochloric Acid Solution
- 50 mL graduated Cylinder
- Balance
- Styrofoam cup
- Small Beaker
- Weighing Boat
- Stirring rod

Procedure:
1. Measure 20 ml 2.0 M of Hydrochloric Acid using a measuring cylinder.
2. Pour into the polystyrene cup
3. Check Temperature
4. Cut 5 cm of magnesium ribbon
5. Add the magnesium to the polystyrene cup.
6. Check the temperature over 3 minutes.
7. Dispose of the chemicals down the sink and rinse the equipment.

Results:
Experiment 2

Initial Temperature 23.8

Final Temperature 34.7

Change In Temperature 10.9


Conclusions:
The objective of Experiment 2 was to investigate the evidence of a chemical
reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid and to determine whether
this reaction is endothermic or exothermic by observing the temperature
change.

The initial temperature of the hydrochloric acid solution was measured at


23.8°C. After adding a 5 cm piece of magnesium ribbon to the solution and
allowing it to react, the final temperature was recorded as 34.7°C. This resulted
in a change in temperature of 10.9°C.

Based on the observed temperature change, it is evident that the reaction


between magnesium and hydrochloric acid is exothermic. The significant
increase in temperature indicates that heat was released into the surroundings
during the reaction, contrary to the hypothesis made prior to the experiment.

The exothermic nature of this reaction can be explained by the fact that during
the chemical reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid, new chemical
bonds are formed, and this process releases energy in the form of heat. As a
result, the surroundings heat up, leading to an increase in temperature.

In conclusion, this experiment provides clear evidence of a chemical reaction


between magnesium and hydrochloric acid, and it confirms that the reaction is
exothermic, rather than endothermic as hypothesised. This observation aligns
with the fundamental principles of exothermic reactions in chemistry, where
heat is released into the surroundings, resulting in a temperature increase
during the reaction.

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