A Mini Project Report

on

RFID ATTENDANCE SYSTEM

Submitted to

Dept. Electronics & Communication Engineering

by B.Tech 2nd Year Students

Nidhi Yadav (ECLT2411)

Harsh Mani Tripathi (ECLT2403)

Aditya Prakash (ECLT2408)

G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management,

[Approved by AICTE, & Affiliated to Dr AP.J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P. India]

Plot No.2, KP-III, Greater Noida - 201306, G.B. Nagar, U.P., India

February, 2025
Contents
Page No.

Contents……….……..………………………………...…………………………..i

Declaration………….………………………………..………………..…………iii

Certificate………..……………………………………………………………….iv

Acknowledgement…………………………….……………………..……….…..v

Abstract………………..………………………………..……………………..…vi

List of Figures……..…………………………..……………………………...…vii

1. Chapter 1:- Introduction, Motivation & Scope of the Work………..….…...1

1.1. Introduction……………………………………….........………………1

12. Motivation of the Present Work……………………………...…………1

1.3. Scope of the present Work……………………………………………...1

2. Chapter 2:- Components, System Design & Working Principle……………3

2.1. Hardware Component……..………….……………….…………….…2

2.2. Block Diagram……………..…………………………………………..7

2.3. Working Principle…..……………………………...……………..……8

3. Chapter 3:- Experimental Code………………..……………………………11

4. Chapter 4:- Experimental Testing…………………………………...………18

4.1. Setup Configuration…………………………………………….……18

4.2. Result..……………………………………..………..……………..…20

i
5. Chapter 5:- Advantages & Disadvantages…………………..……………...18

6. Application…………………………………………...……………………….19

7. Chapter 6:- Conclusion…………………………………………..…………..20

8. Reference………………………………………………….......………………21

ii
 Student Declaration

We hereby confirm that the report entitled “RFID ATTENDANCES SYSTEM”

submitted to “GL Bajaj Institute of Engineering & Technology Gr. Noida U.P.
India” for the partial fulfilment of the degree of B.Tech in “Electronics &
Communication Engineering”, has been done by us under the guidance of Dr
RAHUL DEV, ECE-Dept. GLBITM Greater Noida. We also declare that this
submission is our own work and that, to the best of our knowledge and belief, it
contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material
which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree
or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due
acknowledgment has been made in the text.

1. Student Name:- Nidhi Yadav (Admission No. 2411)

ECE-Dept. GLBITM Gr. Noida, U.P. India

2. Student Name:- Harsh Mani Tripathi (Admission No. 2405)

ECE-Dept. GLBITM Gr. Noida, U.P. India

3. Student Name:- Aditya Prakash (Admission No. 2408)

ECE-Dept. GLBITM Gr. Noida, U.P. India

iii
 Certificate
This is to certify that a report entitled “RFID ATTENDANCES SYSTEM” being
submitted by Nidhi Yadav (Admission No. 2411), Harsh Mani Tripathi (Admission
No. 2405) & Aditya Prakash (Admission No. 2408) in partial fulfilment of the
requirement for the award of degree B.Tech in Electronics & Communication
Engineering at GL Bajaj Institute of Engineering & Technology Gr. Noida affiliated
to AKTU Lucknow U.P. is a record of the candidates own work carried out under
my supervision and guidance. To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied
in this report has not been submitted to any University/Institute for the partial
fulfilment of any degree.

Dr. Rahul Dev Dr. Satyendra Sharma

Project Coordinator Head of Department-ECE

ECE Dept., GLBITM Gr. Noida, U.P. India GLBITM Gr. Noida, U.P. India

iv
 Acknowledgement
It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech Project
undertaken during B. Tech. Second Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to DR
RAHUL DEV, Department of ECE, GLBITM Gr. Noida for his constant support
and guidance throughout the course of our work. His sincerity, thoroughness and
perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is only his
cognizant efforts that our endeavors have seen light of the day.

We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of DR SATYENDRA

SHARMA, HOD-ECE GLBITM Gr. Noida for his full support and assistance
during the development of the project.

We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all
faculty members of the ECE-department for their kind assistance and cooperation
during the development of our project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our
friends for their contribution in the completion of the project.

1. Student Name:- Nidhi Yadav (Admission No. 2411 )

ECE-Dept. GLBITM Gr. Noida, U.P. India

2. Student Name:- Harsh Mani Tripathi (Admission No. 2405)

ECE-Dept. GLBITM Gr. Noida, U.P. India

3. Student Name:- Aditya Prakash (Admission No. 2408)

ECE-Dept. GLBITM Gr. Noida, U.P. India

v
 Abstract
The RFID-Based Attendance System is an advanced, efficient, and reliable solution
designed to automate attendance tracking using RFID (Radio Frequency
Identification) technology. This system replaces traditional manual or biometric
attendance methods with a contactless, fast, and secure approach.

The system consists of RFID tags, which are assigned to individuals, and an RFID
reader that scans these tags upon entry or exit. The Node MCU ESP8266
microcontroller processes the scanned data and communicates with a database to
record attendance in real time. A 16×2 LCD display provides instant feedback by
displaying the student’s name or ID upon successful authentication. Additionally, a
5V buzzer provides an auditory confirmation of attendance marking. The entire
setup is interconnected using connecting wires, ensuring smooth data transmission.

This system enhances accuracy by minimizing human errors, prevents proxy

attendance, and improves record management efficiency. With its IoT capabilities,
the RFID-based attendance system can also be extended to store data on a cloud
server, allowing remote access and real-time monitoring.

vi
 List of Figures

Page No.

Figure 2.1: RFID Reader…….….…………………….….….…...........................03

Figure 2.2: NODE MCU8266 Microcontroller….……...………………………..04

Figure 2.3: 16*2 LED Display………………………………….…......................05

Figure 2.4: Buzzer…………………………………………………...…………...06

Figure 2.5: Wires………………….……………………………………………...06

Figure 2.6: Block Diagram of RFID Attendance System……..………………….07

Figure 4.1: RFID Attendance System………………………….…………………20

vii
 CHAPTER 1

Introduction, Motivation & Scope of the Work

1.1. Introduction

The RFID-Based Attendance System is an efficient, automated solution for

tracking attendance using RFID tags and an RFID reader. It utilizes a Node
MCU 8266 microcontroller to process data and display attendance status on
a 16×2 LCD screen. A 5V buzzer provides feedback upon successful
scanning, with connecting wires ensuring seamless integration of all
components for real-time attendance management.

1.2. Motivation

In educational and corporate environments, traditional attendance systems

are time-consuming and prone to errors. To overcome these challenges, we
propose an RFID-based Attendance System that ensures efficiency,
accuracy, and automation.

This system utilizes an RFID Tag for user identification, an RFID Reader
for scanning, and a Node MCU ESP8266 microcontroller for data
processing. A 16×2 LCD Display provides real-time status updates, while a
5V Buzzer confirms successful attendance marking. All components are
seamlessly connected using wires, ensuring smooth operation.

This project enhances security, minimizes manual effort, and provides a

reliable attendance-tracking solution.

1.3. Scope of the Work

This project aims to develop an RFID-based Attendance System using an

RFID tag, RFID reader, and Node MCU 8266 microcontroller for efficient
and automated attendance tracking. When a student scans their RFID tag on
the RFID reader, the Node MCU 8266 processes the data and updates

1
attendance records. A 16x2 LCD display provides real-time feedback,
showing the scanned ID and attendance status, while a 5V buzzer confirms
a successful entry. Connecting wires integrate all components for seamless
operation. This system enhances accuracy, eliminates manual errors, and
ensures a secure, reliable attendance-tracking solution.

2
 CHAPTER 2
Components, System Design & Working Principle

2.1. Hardware Component

• RFID Reader

Fig.2.1 RFID Reader

o An RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Reader is an electronic

device that uses radio waves to communicate with RFID tags in
order to retrieve data stored on them. The RFID system consists of
two primary components: the RFID tag and the RFID reader. The
reader generates radio signals through an antenna, which are
transmitted to nearby RFID tags.
o RFID tags contain an embedded microchip and an antenna. When
the RFID tag enters the reader’s range, it receives the signal and
powers up (if it’s a passive tag) or responds directly with data (if it’s
an active tag). The data typically includes a unique identifier (UID),
which is transmitted back to the reader via radio waves. The reader
receives this data and sends it to a microcontroller or computer
system for processing.
o The RFID reader can be of different types depending on the
frequency used, such as low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF),
or ultra-high-frequency (UHF) readers.

3
• NODE MCU 8266 Microcontroller

Fig.2.2 NODE MCU 8266 Microcontroller

o The Node MCU 8266 is a low-cost, open-source microcontroller

based on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, widely used for IoT (Internet
of Things) applications. It features an integrated Wi-Fi system on a
chip (SoC), making it suitable for projects that require wireless
connectivity.
o At the core of the Node MCU 8266 is the ESP8266 chip, which has
a 32-bit CPU capable of running at 80 MHz, with 4MB of flash
memory for storing programs and data. It has GPIO pins for
interfacing with various peripherals such as sensors, motors,
displays, and other devices. This makes it highly versatile for
projects requiring control over physical components.
o Node MCU 8266 supports programming in Arduino IDE (via
libraries) or Lua scripting language. Its onboard USB interface
allows easy connection to a computer for programming and
debugging, making it a user-friendly choice for beginners and
advanced developers alike.
o The microcontroller also offers PWM, ADC, SPI, I2C, and UART
communication protocols, allowing it to interact with a wide range
of external devices.
4
• 16*2 LCD Display

Fig.2.3 16*2 LCD Display

o A 16x2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Display is a popular

component used in electronic projects for displaying text and
numbers. The "16x2" refers to the display’s capacity to show 16
characters per row and 2 rows, making it capable of displaying a
total of 32 characters. These displays are widely used in projects like
RFID systems, where real-time feedback is essential.
o The LCD screen uses liquid crystals that are controlled by an
electrical signal to display characters. These crystals align
differently when current is applied, changing the light passing
through them to form characters. A backlight is used to illuminate
the display, ensuring visibility in dark environments.
o The display is controlled by a microcontroller (such as the Node
MCU 8266) through a set of pins connected to the display's interface.
The HD44780 controller is commonly used for these displays, which
enables easy communication with microcontrollers via a parallel or
serial interface.

5
• Buzzer

Fig.2.4 TP4056 Li-ion Battery Charger Module

A 5V buzzer is an electronic component used to generate sound in a circuit

when it receives an electrical signal. It operates on a 5V DC power supply,
commonly used in various microcontroller-based projects, including
attendance systems. When a signal is sent from the microcontroller (e.g.,
Node MCU 8266) to the buzzer, it activates an internal oscillating circuit,
causing the buzzer to emit a sound. This provides an audible confirmation
for actions like scanning an RFID tag, indicating a successful operation. The
buzzer's tone can be used for notifications, alerts, or status indicators in
electronic projects.

• Wires

Fig.2.5 Wires

Connecting wires are used to establish electrical connections between the

components of a system. In the case of the RFID Attendance System, wires
link the RFID reader, Node MCU 8266 microcontroller, LCD display,
buzzer, and power supply to ensure smooth data transfer and power flow,
enabling the system to function correctly.
6
2.2. Block Diagram

Fig.2.6 Block Diagram of RFID Attendance System

7
2.3 Working Principle
The RFID-based attendance system integrates several components to automate and
simplify attendance tracking. Here’s a detailed explanation of how each component
works together:

1. RFID Reader:

• Role: The RFID reader is responsible for detecting the RFID tag when it is
placed near it.

• Working:

o The reader emits a radio frequency (RF) signal to activate the nearby
RFID tag (which contains a unique ID stored in its memory).

o When the tag is brought close to the reader, the tag’s ID is

transmitted via radio waves back to the reader.

o The RFID reader receives the tag’s ID and forwards it to the Node
MCU 8266 microcontroller for further processing.

2. Node MCU 8266 Microcontroller:

• Role: This is the heart of the system. It processes the RFID tag data and
controls the rest of the components.

• Working:

o Once the RFID reader transmits the tag’s unique ID, the Node MCU
8266 microcontroller receives this data.

o The microcontroller checks the received ID against a pre-stored list

of students in its memory or a connected database (either on the
cloud or local storage).

8
 o If the tag ID matches an existing record, the microcontroller marks
the student as present.

o It then sends an output to the LCD display to show the status (e.g.,
“Attendance Marked”) and triggers the 5V buzzer to provide an
audible confirmation.

3. 16x2 LCD Display:

• Role: Provides visual feedback to the user, indicating the result of the RFID
scan.

• Working:

o After the Node MCU 8266 processes the RFID tag data, it sends
information to the 16x2 LCD display.

o The display shows the corresponding student name, ID, or

confirmation message (e.g., “Attendance Successful”).

o This helps students and administrators immediately know if their

attendance has been registered or if there was an issue with the scan.

4. 5V Buzzer:

• Role: Provides an audible signal to confirm that the RFID scan was
successful or needs attention.

• Working:

o After the Node MCU 8266 microcontroller processes the RFID tag
data, if the scan is successful, the microcontroller sends a signal to
the 5V buzzer.

o This provides a clear, instant, and audible feedback to the user,

ensuring that they know their attendance has been recorded.

9
5. Connecting Wires:

• Role: Facilitate the physical connections between the components to create

the complete system.

• Working:

o Connecting wires are used to link the RFID reader, Node MCU
8266, LCD display, and 5V buzzer together.

o They ensure that the microcontroller can receive data from the RFID
reader and send signals to the display and buzzer to indicate the
status.

10
 CHAPTER 3

Experimental Code

#include <SPI.h>

#include <MFRC522.h>

#include <Arduino.h>

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#include <ESP8266WiFiMulti.h>

#include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>

#include <WiFiClient.h>

#include <WiFiClientSecureBearSSL.h>

// Fingerprint for demo URL, expires on June 2, 2021, needs to be updated well
before this date

const uint8_t fingerprint[20] = {0x4a, 0x2e, 0xb2, 0xa8, 0x29, 0x12, 0x9a, 0xca,
0xac, 0xe1, 0xe0, 0xf4, 0xa0, 0x6c, 0x74, 0x4b, 0x4b, 0x7d, 0x5b, 0xab};

// 4a 2e b2 a8 29 12 9a ca ac e1 e0 f4 a0 6c 74 4b 4b 7d 5b ab

#define RST_PIN D3 // Configurable, see typical pin layout above

#define SS_PIN D4 // Configurable, see typical pin layout above

#define BUZZER D2 // Configurable, see typical pin layout above

MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN); // Instance of the class

MFRC522::MIFARE_Key key;

11
ESP8266WiFiMulti WiFiMulti;

MFRC522::StatusCode status;

/* Be aware of Sector Trailer Blocks */

int blockNum = 2;

/* Create another array to read data from Block */

/* Legthn of buffer should be 2 Bytes more than the size of Block (16 Bytes) */

byte bufferLen = 18;

byte readBlockData[18];

String data2;

const String data1 =

"https://script.google.com/macros/s/AKfycbwi5Lioy_QXdIw0Snh3x_9bsLDtOu2
-nxgSBgGmj9k8DPO1j_g0-cM3N9PIgehlKRZN/exec?name=";

void setup()

/* Initialize serial communications with the PC */

Serial.begin(9600);

// Serial.setDebugOutput(true);

Serial.println();

Serial.println();

Serial.println();

for (uint8_t t = 4; t > 0; t--)

Serial.printf("[SETUP] WAIT %d...\n", t);

12
 Serial.flush();

delay(1000);

WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);

/* Put your WIFI Name and Password here */

WiFiMulti.addAP("BholeBaba", "12345678");

/* Set BUZZER as OUTPUT */

pinMode(BUZZER, OUTPUT);

/* Initialize SPI bus */

SPI.begin();

void loop()

/* Initialize MFRC522 Module */

mfrc522.PCD_Init();

/* Reset the loop if no new card is present on RC522 Reader */

if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent())

return;

/* Select one of the cards */

if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial())

13
{

return;

/* Read data from the same block */

Serial.println();

Serial.println(F("Reading last data from RFID..."));

ReadDataFromBlock(blockNum, readBlockData);

/* If you want to print the full memory dump, uncomment the next line */

//mfrc522.PICC_DumpToSerial(&(mfrc522.uid));

/* Print the data read from block */

Serial.println();

Serial.print(F("Last data in RFID:"));

Serial.print(blockNum);

Serial.print(F(" --> "));

for (int j=0 ; j<16 ; j++)

Serial.write(readBlockData[j]);

Serial.println();

digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);

delay(200);

digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);

14
 delay(200);

digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);

delay(200);

digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);

// wait for WiFi connection

if ((WiFiMulti.run() == WL_CONNECTED))

std::unique_ptr<BearSSL::WiFiClientSecure>client(new
BearSSL::WiFiClientSecure);

client->setFingerprint(fingerprint);

// Or, if you happy to ignore the SSL certificate, then use the following line
instead:

// client->setInsecure();

data2 = data1 + String((char*)readBlockData);

data2.trim();

Serial.println(data2);

HTTPClient https;

Serial.print(F("[HTTPS] begin...\n"));

if (https.begin(*client, (String)data2))

// HTTP

Serial.print(F("[HTTPS] GET...\n"));

15
 // start connection and send HTTP header

int httpCode = https.GET();

// httpCode will be negative on error

if (httpCode > 0)

// HTTP header has been send and Server response header has been handled

Serial.printf("[HTTPS] GET... code: %d\n", httpCode);

// file found at server

Else {

Serial.printf("[HTTPS] GET... failed, error: %s\n",

https.errorToString(httpCode).c_str());

https.end();

delay(1000);

else

Serial.printf("[HTTPS} Unable to connect\n");

16
void ReadDataFromBlock(int blockNum, byte readBlockData[])

/* Prepare the ksy for authentication */

/* All keys are set to FFFFFFFFFFFFh at chip delivery from the factory */

for (byte i = 0; i < 6; i++)

Serial.println("Authentication success");

/* Reading data from the Block */

status = mfrc522.MIFARE_Read(blockNum, readBlockData, &bufferLen);

if (status != MFRC522::STATUS_OK)

Serial.print("Reading failed: ");

Serial.println(mfrc522.GetStatusCodeName(status));

return;

else

Serial.println("Block was read successfully");

17
 CHAPTER 4

Experimental Testing

4.1. Setup Configuration

In an RFID-based attendance system, the setup configuration involves connecting
various components like the RFID Reader, Node MCU 8266 Microcontroller,
16x2 LCD Display, 5V Buzzer, and Connecting Wires to function as an integrated
system. Here's how to set it up:

1. RFID Reader

• Powering the RFID Reader:

Connect the VCC pin of the RFID reader to the 5V pin of the Node MCU
microcontroller for power. The GND pin of the RFID reader goes to the
GND pin of the Node MCU.

• Data Transmission:
The TX (transmit) pin of the RFID reader connects to the RX (receive) pin
of the Node MCU, and the RX (receive) pin of the RFID reader connects
to the TX (transmit) pin of the Node MCU for data communication.

2. Node MCU 8266 Microcontroller

• Power Supply:
The Node MCU 8266 is powered through the 5V pin from a power supply
or a USB cable. The GND pin is connected to the system ground.

• I/O Pins:
The GPIO pins of the Node MCU are used to interface with other
components like the LCD display and buzzer.

18
3. 16x2 LCD Display

• Wiring the LCD:

The LCD uses a 16-pin interface. The important connections are:

o VSS to GND (ground).

o VCC to 5V for powering the display.

o RS (Register Select) pin to a GPIO pin on Node MCU (commonly

GPIO5 or GPIO4).

o RW (Read/Write) pin to GND (fixed to write mode).

o E (Enable) pin to another GPIO pin.

o The D0-D7 pins are connected to the appropriate GPIO pins for
data transfer (usually D1 to D7 pins).

4. 5V Buzzer

• Connection to Node MCU:

The positive terminal (+) of the 5V Buzzer connects to a GPIO pin on the
Node MCU (like GPIO12 or GPIO14).
The negative terminal (-) of the buzzer connects to the GND pin of the
Node MCU.

5. Connecting Wires

• Use jumper wires to make all necessary connections between the

components. The connections between the RFID reader, Node MCU, LCD,
and buzzer should be stable, with attention to power supply and ground
connections to avoid malfunction.

19
4.2. Results

Fig.4.1 RFID Attendance System

20
 CHAPTER 5

5.1. Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages Disadvantages
• Automation • Initial Cost
The RFID system automates the attendance The setup of an RFID system involves an initial
process, reducing the need for manual investment in hardware (RFID tags, readers,
intervention, saving time, and minimizing microcontrollers), which may be high for small
human errors. institutions.
• Accuracy • Technical Issues
RFID technology ensures accurate tracking The system may face issues like signal
of attendance without the risk of proxy interference, malfunctioning of readers, or
attendance or incorrect data entry. problems with the microcontroller, leading to
disruptions.
• Time-Saving • Tag Dependency
Scanning an RFID tag takes only a few If a student loses or forgets their RFID tag, it
seconds, making the attendance process could cause problems in the attendance process,
quicker and more efficient, especially in large requiring manual intervention.
groups.
• Real-time Monitoring • Limited Range
Attendance is updated in real time, providing RFID readers have a limited range, which may
immediate feedback for both students and cause issues if students stand too far from the
instructors. reader or if the reader is not placed optimally.
• Security • Privacy Concerns
Each RFID tag is unique, making it difficult Some users may have concerns about the
to forge or duplicate, which ensures secure tracking of individuals through RFID
attendance management. technology, which may lead to privacy issues.

18
5.2. Application

The RFID Attendance System has a variety of practical applications in different

fields. Some of the major applications include:

1. Educational Institutions:

o Automated attendance marking for students in schools, colleges, and

universities.

o Reduces manual intervention and eliminates proxy attendance.

o Provides real-time tracking and generates attendance reports.

2. Workplaces:

o Employee attendance management in offices and factories.

o Facilitates a more efficient system for clocking in and out.

o Helps in tracking work hours and generating payroll reports.

3. Events and Conferences:

o Attendance tracking at seminars, conferences, and exhibitions.

o Simplifies participant registration and check-ins.

o Provides quick access control and enhances event security..

4. Libraries:

o Tracking the attendance of users in library premises.

o Ensures secure access to library resources, as RFID can be integrated

with book checkout systems.

5. Government and Public Sectors:

o Government offices can use RFID attendance systems to monitor the

punctuality and presence of staff.

19
 CHAPTER 6

Conclusion

• The RFID-based Attendance System presents a significant improvement in

the traditional manual attendance process by utilizing automation, accuracy,
and efficiency. By integrating RFID tags, RFID readers, and the Node MCU
8266 microcontroller, this system ensures swift and reliable identification of
students or employees, reducing human error and fraud associated with
manual entries. The real-time feedback provided by the 16x2 LCD display
and the audible confirmation through the 5V buzzer enhance the user
experience by clearly indicating the status of each attendance scan.
• This system’s advantages include ease of use, fast processing, and the
elimination of paper-based records, which also contributes to a more eco-
friendly approach. Additionally, it provides a secure and tamper-proof
method for tracking attendance, making it difficult for individuals to bypass
the system. The automation of attendance collection also saves time for
teachers and administrative staff, allowing them to focus on other critical
tasks.
• While the current system is designed for educational institutions, its
potential extends to corporate settings, events, or any organization requiring
reliable attendance tracking. In conclusion, the RFID-based Attendance
System is a scalable and efficient solution that modernizes attendance
management, ensuring accuracy, security, and convenience.

20
 Reference
1. Books & Research Papers:

• Finkenzeller, K. (2010). RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications

in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification. John Wiley & Sons.

• Want, R. (2006). An Introduction to RFID Technology. IEEE Pervasive

Computing, 5(1), 25-33.

2. Online Articles & Tutorials:

• Tutorials Point. (2022). RFID Technology – Working and Applications.

Retrieved from www.tutorialspoint.com

• Arduino Official Website. Node MCU ESP8266 and RFID Integration

Guide. Retrieved from www.arduino.cc

3. Datasheets & Technical Documents:

• Node MCU ESP8266 Datasheet – Available at www.nodemcu.com

• RFID RC522 Module Datasheet – Available at www.microchip.com

• 16x2 LCD Display Module Datasheet – Available at www.sparkfun.com

4. GitHub & Open-Source Projects:

• GitHub Repository: RFID Attendance System with ESP8266 –

www.github.com

• Open-source community discussions on ESP8266 and RFID integration

(Stack Overflow, Arduino Forums).

21