NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL & MANUFACTURING

ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB

Battery Level Indicator Circuit

Submitted By:
Mohammad Gulzaib
460917
Section:
ME – 15 (C)

Submitted To:
Engr. Sania Shaheen
Electrical Engineering Lab Report 6

Assessment Rubrics for EE-103 Electrical Engineering Lab

Excellent (9-10) Good (7-8) Fair (4-6) Poor (1-3)
Introduction and Complete and well Nearly complete, missing Some introductory Very little
Theory written; provides all some minor points information, but still background
necessary missing some major information
background principles points provided, or
for information is
the experiment incorrect
Experimental Well-written in Written in paragraph Written in paragraph Missing several
Procedure paragraph format, all format, important format, still missing important
experimental details experimental details some important experimental details
are covered are covered, some experimental details or not written in
minor details missing paragraph format
Results: data, �igures, All �igures, graphs, tables All �igures, graphs, Most �igures, graphs, Figures, graphs, tables
graphs, tables, etc. are correctly drawn, are tables are correctly tables OK, some still contain errors or are
numbered and contain drawn, but missing some poorly constructed, have
titles/captions. some have minor important or required missing titles, captions
problems or could features. or numbers, units
still be improved missing or incorrect, etc.
Discussion All-important trends and Almost all the Some of the results Very incomplete or
data comparisons have results have been have been correctly incorrect
been interpreted correctly interpreted and interpretation of
correctly and discussed, interpreted and discussed; partial but trends and
good understanding of discussed, only Incomplete comparison of data
results is conveyed. minor understanding of indicating a lack of
improvements are results is still evident. understanding of
needed. results.
Conclusion All-important All-important Conclusions regarding Conclusions missing or
conclusions have been conclusions have been major points are missing the important
clearly made, drawn, could be better drawn, but many are points
student shows good stated misstated, indicating a
understanding lack of understanding
Report Formatting, All sections in order, All sections in order, Sections in order, Sections out of order,
structure and well formatted, very formatting generally contains the minimum too much
referencing readable. References well, but could still be allowable amount of handwritten copy,
provided appropriately improved. References handwritten copy, sloppy formatting. No
provided, but not formatting is rough referencing at all.
entirely but
readable. Improper
References
Plagiarism in any case will result in zero marks in that session.

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Electrical Engineering Lab Report 6

Contents
Battery Level Indicator Circuit .......................................................................................................................... 3
Lab Objectives ................................................................................................................................................... 3
Lab Equipment .................................................................................................................................................. 4
Related Theory .................................................................................................................................................. 4
• Circuit Diagram: .................................................................................................................................... 4
Lab Task............................................................................................................................................................. 4
• Task ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Procedure ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
Results ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
Discussion.......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................... 6

Battery Level Indicator Circuit

Lab Objectives

• To construct LED-Resistive circuit and understand its significance

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Electrical Engineering Lab Report 6

• To familiarize with the use of CRO and F.G

• To be able to analyze signals using CRO

Lab Equipment

1. Resistor
2. Digital Multimeter
3. DC power supply
4. Bread board
5. Connecting wires
6. LED

Related Theory

LED Functionality: LEDs emit light when a forward voltage above their threshold is applied. The forward
voltage needed varies by color.
Parallel Circuit Configuration: In a parallel setup, each LED-resistor pair functions independently, allowing
each LED to illuminate based on the voltage across its terminals.
Voltage Drop Across LEDs: LEDs light up at particular voltage thresholds. By selecting appropriate resistors
and LEDs, different voltage levels can be indicated.

• Circuit Diagram:

Figure 1: Circuit Diagram

Lab Task

• Task

The task is to make a circuit, consisting of 4 LED’s and 4 resistors powered by DC voltage source. The
intensity of LED’s must change with increasing voltage.
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Electrical Engineering Lab Report 6

Procedure

1. Connect the battery's positive terminal to a common positive rail on the breadboard.
2. Place each LED in series with a resistor, choosing resistor values that set different voltage thresholds for
each LED.
3. Connect all LED-resistor pairs in parallel, with each LED's cathode connected to the ground terminal of
the battery.
4. Apply voltage from the battery to power the circuit.
5. Observe that LEDs illuminate sequentially as the battery voltage rises, each LED lighting up as its
threshold voltage is reached.
6. Use a multimeter to measure the voltage across each LED and verify the circuit's operation.

Results
Table 1: Data and calculations

Sr no Resistance 𝑉𝑉𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 LED V %V

( KΩ ) ( volts )

1 2.1 1 4.5 30

2 2.1 15 2 7.4 49.3

3 2.2 3 10.3 68.6

4 2.1 4 15 100

The battery level indicator circuit performed as expected, with LEDs lighting up sequentially as the battery
voltage increased. The LED colors provided a clear indication of charge status:
White LED: Low battery
Green LEDs: Low medium charge
Pink LED: High medium charged
Blue LEDs: Fully Charged

Discussion

Using a parallel configuration for LEDs ensures that each LED operates independently, allowing it to light up at
different voltage thresholds and accurately represent varying voltage levels. Selecting appropriate resistor values
is crucial for protecting the LEDs; resistors that are too low in value can lead to LED burnout, while excessively
high resistances might prevent the LEDs from illuminating as intended. This type of circuit has practical
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Electrical Engineering Lab Report 6

applications in battery management systems, where it provides a simple visual indicator of remaining charge
levels. However, due to slight variations in LED forward voltage, this circuit may not offer the precision required
for applications demanding high accuracy.

Conclusion

A battery level indicator circuit using four LEDs in parallel with resistors effectively demonstrates how LEDs
can indicate different battery charge levels. Each LED lights up sequentially as the voltage reaches its specific
threshold, providing a straightforward visual indication of the battery’s status. This project illustrates the role of
LEDs and resistors in parallel circuits, highlighting the importance of current limiting to ensure circuit safety.
The design is simple yet efficient, making it well-suited for basic battery monitoring applications.

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