A
REPORT
ON
OBSTACLE DETECTING GLASSES FOR VISUALLY
IMPAIRED PEOPLE
Presentedby
Ms. Minhaj Mulla
Ms. Alfiya Patharvat
Ms.Neha Waghe
Of ClassT.Y.(Electronics & Telecommunication engineering)
For the partial fulfillment of Semester- V of T.Y.(E&TCEngineering)
at
SES’s A.G.Patil Institute of Technology, Solapur under
Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,
Lonere2024-25
1
SES’s A.G.Patil Institute of Technology, Solapur Department
of Electronics &Telecommunication Engineering.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Minhaj Mulla (Roll No.60), Alfiya Patharvat (Roll No.63),
Neha Waghe (Roll No.67), of BATCH-IV class ENTC have effectively and
successfully submitted the report in satisfactory manner for the partial fulfillment of
Semester-V of THIRD YEAR at the Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering at A. G. Patil Institute of Technology, Solapur.
Project Guide HOD
( Prof.P.C.Dhavale) (Dr.R.V.Darekar)
2
Sr.No CONTENTS Page.No
1 Abstract 4
2 Introduction 5
3 Circuit diagram 6
4 Literature Review 7
5 Methodology 8
6 Working Principle 9
7 Component 10&11
8 Block diagram 12
9 Flowchart 13
10 Code 14&15
11 Result 16
12 Future Scope 17
13 Conclusion 18
14 References 19
3
ABSTRACT
Now a days there has been rapid growing in the field of Embedded System technology
our project is obstacle detection for blind people is developed on embedded system
platform. ARDUINO is used which is the latest technology the main objective of this
project is to provide safety for blind people from obstacles. Obstacle detection is one
of the major concerns for a fully or a partially blind people. The main aim of this
project is to detect near by obstacle and notify the user of the direction of that obstacle,
there by enabling the user to determine the corrective direction to head. In this project
we are using a ARDUINO along with ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection that may
be in any direction. The main objective of this project is to help the blind people to
with easy and to be warned whenever their walking path is obstructed with other
objects , people or other similar odds .this device ensures safety for the blind people
while walking. The device is to be carried by blind people and when the device senses
any obstacle it gives the warning signal through the Vibration Motor and accordingly
he can move. The entire design id built on the concept of embedded and ARDUINO
microcontroller is used which monitors the components.
4
INTRODUCTION
These GLASSES are designed for blind people. The concept of obstacle detection by
ultrasonic sensor has been used here. As soon as the obstacle is detected by the sensor,
its distance it sent to the Arduino. We check whether the distance of obstacle is less
than 70cm, if yes then we send the output through a vibration motor. Once detected,
information of obstacles must be conveyed to the blind. In general, the user could be
informed through vibration motor.
The intention of the project is to resolve the problem of vision with the low-vision
people, who are officially classified as blind persons. Although they are considered
blind, they have different issues that can be handled with variety of solutions; one of
them is to improve the remained vision by enhancing various environment scenes.
This can be achieved by implementing a smart glasses that depends on capturing the
significant value of the project is the improvements in the wearer’s social and
academic life.
Identically, wearing GLASSES helps the user to avoid the surrounding diversified
obstacles and thus the mobility increases. If such a product is released, the
independency of the users can be augmented, which will get them involved more in
the society. The project’s strategy is to use the product on people with different low-
vision cases, where the low vision patients can communication better with others,
reach desired destinations faster and easily, and participate in the various events.
Moreover, disposing of canes make a person looks normal.
5
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
6
LITERATURE REVIEW
[1]Md. Mohsinur Rahman Adnan “Design and Implementation of Smart Navigation
System for Visually Impaired (International Journal of Engineering Trends and
Technology (IJETT) – Volume 58 Issue 2 - April 2018) The apparatus that aids the
blind in detecting stairs is described. It uses a pair of sunglasses with an ultrasonic
sensor and buzzer attached. It is employed to find the stairs.
[2] Jinqiangbai-“Smart guiding glasses for visually impaired People in indoor
environment” (IEEE journal paper, Vol. 63, No. 3, August 2017). Describes the
obstacles detection module, which is mounted on sunglasses and equipped with an
ultrasonic sensor, a processing unit, and a buzzer that detects impediments and emits
a buzzing sound to assist the blind.
[3] Rohitagarwal (2020) “low cost ultrasonic smart glasses for blind”(IEEE
conference paper) Suggested a mechanism to aid users who are blind in their
navigation. The suggested architecture and design will make it possible for blind
individuals to walk around freely and independently. In this article, we examined the
current electronic assistive devices for the blind. In comparison to existing systems,
the one that was offered was more beneficial and effective. In terms of localisation, it
will be able to accurately pinpoint the blind person's location with the aid of the GPS
in the event that s/he gets lost or encounters any hazard.
[4] S.Gangwar , “A Smart Infrared Microcontroller-Based Blind Guidance System”,
Hindawi Transactions on Active and Passive Electronic Components,Vol.3, No.2,
pp.1-7, June 2013. Designed a smart stick for the blind that uses infrared (IR) sensors
to provide early warning of an obstruction. The stick detects obstructions and uses
vibrating signals to inform visually impaired persons. The smart stick, however, is
primarily focused on detecting obstacles; it cannot help the blind in an emergency.
Additionally, the IR sensors are only particularly effective in detecting the closest
obstruction from a close distance.
7
METHODOLOGY
This proposed system introduces advanced technology for the obstacle detection here
we are using a glasses in place of stick and in place of buzzer we are using a vibration
motor for obstacle detection. A visually impaired person or a person with visually
impaired, daily has difficulties to learn to recognize or differentiate objects when
performing any activity, such as walking the streets or being able to recognize dollar
bills of different denomination, this makes that the people with this type of disability
cannot adapt easily to the society. Usually the visually impaired persons depend on
someone to help them in their daily lives. The method that will be used for this problem
is to adapt an ultrasonic sensor to the glasses, since most of the visually impaired
persons wear glasses, there would not be any problem. The ultrasonic sensor will have
its respective circuit, which will issue a repetitive vibration to indicate the proximity
an obstacle.
8
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The working principle of this project has been based on ultrasonic sound being
transmitted and thereflected signal being processed by the obstacle.This sensor has
four pins: Vcc, trigger, echo,and Ground. Here, Vccand Ground have been usedto
provide power to the module, trigger has been the input pin, and echo has been the
output pin. When a square signal has been fed into the trigger pin, it has enabled the
module in the sensor. The module hashad an inbuilt 40 KHz crystal oscillator, so it
could generate and transmit a sound signal of 40 KHz .When it has received the
reflected signal, it has generated a PWM signal as output to the echo pin.A
microcontroller processes this data and determines if the obstacle is within a
predefined threshold distance. If the left sensor detects an obstacle, it activates the left
vibration motor; if the right sensor detects an obstacle, it activates the right vibration
motor. When both sensors detect obstacles, both motors vibrate simultaneously. This
vibration feedback helps the user understand the direction of obstacles and navigate
their environment safely and effectively.
9
COMPONENTS
1.ARDUINO UNO:
• The Arduino UNO is an open-source microcontroller board based on the
Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller.
• The board has 14 Digital pins, 6 Analog pins, and programmable with the
Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) via a type B USB cable.
It can be powered by a USB cable or by an external 9 Volt battery, though it
accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts.
• These microcontroller devices help in sensing and controlling the objects in the
real-time situations and environment.
2.HC-SR04 ULTRASONIC SENSOR:
• An ultrasonic sensor works by emitting high-frequency sound waves and then
detecting the sound waves that bounce back off of nearby objects.
• By measuring the time, it takes for the sound waves to return, the sensor can
determine the distance to the object. In a blind navigation glasses, ultrasonic
sensors can be used to detect obstacles in the user's path and provide warnings
or guidance as needed.
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3.VIBRATION MOTOR :
• A vibration motor has an unbalanced mass on either end of its shaft, which
creates a vibration when the motor runs. This vibration can be used for a variety
of purposes.
• Vibration motors are electric motors that generate mechanical vibrations to
provide haptic feedback.
11
BLOCK DIAGRAM
12
FLOWCHART
13
CODE
#include <Ultrasonic.h>
Ultrasonic ultrasonic1(12, 13);
Ultrasonic ultrasonic2(9, 10);
int distance1;
int distance2;
void setup() {
pinMode(11, OUTPUT);
pinMode(8, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
delay(1000);
distance1 = ultrasonic1.read();
distance2 = ultrasonic2.read();
Serial.print("Distance1 in CM: ");
Serial.println(distance1);
Serial.print("Distance2 in CM: ");
Serial.println(distance2);
if (distance1<=70 && distance2>70)
{digitalWrite(11, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(500);
digitalWrite(11, LOW); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(500);
Serial.print("object is in Right side");
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if (distance1>70 && distance2<=70)
{
digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(8, LOW);
delay(500);
Serial.print("object is in Left side");
}
if (distance1<=70 && distance2<=70)
{digitalWrite(11, HIGH);
digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(11, LOW);
digitalWrite(8, LOW);
delay(500);
Serial.print("object is in Front side");
}
15
RESULT
The obstacle detection with the help of ultrasonic sensor is executed successfully.
When the distance is varied. This project looks at an obstacle detector that is easy-to-
use, with minimal effort, and lightweight for visually impaired persons. we can see
that with the assistance of two ultrasonic range sensors on each side of the glasses
giving haptic feedback on the relative distances on both sensors through the two
vibrating motors, These connections are possible through the presence of the Arduino
Uno, with power source from the battery . The transistor as switch is added to the
system in order to turn on and turn off the vibration motor. Finally, transistors are used
to make the motor produce vibration.
16
ACTUAL PROJECT
17
FUTURESCOPE
In the future, obstacle detection glasses will get better with more accurate sensors,
longer battery life, and smarter features using AI. They will become lighter, more
stylish, and easier to wear, while offering better feedback through sound and
touch. The glasses will also work with smart phones and other smart devices for
extra features. As prices drop, more people will be able to use them, helping those
with vision loss navigate safely and independently in various environments.
18
CONCLUSION
Obstacle-detecting glasses for visually impaired people are a revolutionary
assistive technology that enhances mobility, safety, and independence. By
utilizing advanced sensors, real-time feedback, and smart integrations,
they provide an effective hands-free solution for navigating obstacles.
While there are challenges like cost, battery life, and design limitations,
ongoing advancements in technology and affordability promise a brighter
future. These glasses have the potential to significantly improve the quality
of life for visually impaired individuals,empowering them to move
confidently in a variety of environments.
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REFERENCES
1. https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1904F07.pdf
2. Bourne, Rupert RA, et al. "Causes of vision loss worldwide, 1990–2010: a
systematic analysis." The lancet global health 1.6 (2013): e339-e349
3. Haripriya, A. Bhargavi, G. Anitha, and VinithraParthsarathy. "Ultrasonic
spectacle for visually impaired with dual alert feedback." AIP Conference
Proceedings. Vol. 2603. No. 1. AIP Publishing, 2023.
4. Darms, Michael S., et al. "Obstacle detection and tracking for the urban
challenge." IEEE Transactions on intelligent transportation systems 10.3 (2009):
475-485.
5. Ess, Andreas, et al. "Moving obstacle detection in highly dynamic scenes." 2009
IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE, 2009.
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radar." 2016 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power
Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2016.
7. .Bernabei,D., Ganovelli, F., Di Benedetto, M., Dellepiane, M., Scopigno,R.:A
low-cost time-critical obstacle avoidance system for the visually impaired. In:
International conference on indoor positioning and indoor navigation (IPIN)
(2011)
8. 2. Calder, D.J.: Assistive technology interfaces for the blind. In: 3rd IEEE
international conference on digital ecosystems and technologies, pp. 318–323,
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