Computer Abbreviations for Basic Components

 AFA – All-Flash Array

 BIOS – Basic Input Output System
 BYTE – Storage Unit
 CPU – Central Processing Unit
 HDD – Hard Disk Drive
 LCD – Liquid Crystal Display
 OS – Operating System
 PC – Personal Computer
 PDF – Portable Document Format
 RAID – Redundant Array of Independent Disks
 RAM – Random Access Memory
 RDMA – Remote Direct Memory Access
 ROM – Read Only-Memory
 SATA – Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
 SSD – Solid State Drive
 VGA – Video Graphics Array
 List of Other Important Computer Abbreviations
 COMPUTER – Commonly Operated Machine Used for Trade or Technology, Education and
Research
 AAC – Advanced Audio Coding
 AI – Artificial Intelligence
 ARPANET – Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
 ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit
 ALGOL – Algorithmic Language
 AOL – America Outline
 API – Application Program Interface
 APT – Automatically Programmed Tooling
 ARP – Address Resolution Protocol
 ASP – Active Server Pages
 ATM – Asynchronous Transfer Mode
 AUI – Attachment Unit Interface
 AT – Advanced Technology
 ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange
 AVI – Audio Video Interleave
 BCC – Blind Carbon Copy
 BASIC – Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
 BPS – Bytes Per Second
 BCD – Binary Coded Decimal
 B HTML – Broadcast Hypertext Markup Language
 BIU – Bus Interface Unit
 BMP – Bitmap
 B2C – Business to Consumer
 B2B – Business to Business
 CUI – Character User Interface
 CSS – Cascading Style Sheets
 CPI – Clock/Cycle Per Instruction
 CC – Carbon Copy
 CAI – Computer-Aided Instruction
 CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access
 CRT – Cathode Ray Tube
 COBOL – Common Business Oriented Language
 CISC – Complex Instructions Set Computers
 CADD – Computer-Aided Design in Drafting
 CAD – Computer-Aided Design
 CD – Compact Disk
 CD RW – Compact Disk Rewritable
 CMD – Command
 CD ROM – Compact Disk Read Only Memory
 CROM – Computerised Range of Motion
 CAM – Computer-Aided Manufacturing
 DAT – Digital Audio Tape
 DNA – Distributed Internet Architecture
 DDR – Double Data Rate
 DPI – Dots Per Inch
 DDR-SDRAM – Double Data Rate-Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
 DML – Data Manipulation Language
 DOS – Disk Operating System
 DOC – Date Optimising Computer
 DHTML – Dynamics Hypertext Markup Language
 Doc – Document
 DVD – Digital Versatile Disk
 DVI -Digital Visual Interface
 DDL – Data Definition Language
 DRAM – Dynamic Random Access Memory
 DBMS – Database Management System
 DVDR – Digital Versatile Disk Recordable
 DVDRW – Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable
 DVR – Digital Video Recorder
 DARPANET – Defence Advanced Research Project Agency Network
 E-Commerce – Electronic Commerce
 EDGE – Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution
 EDI – Electronic Data Interchange
 EDP – Electronic Data Processing
 FS – File System
 FTP – File Transfer Protocol
 FORTRAN – Formula Translation
 FDD – Floppy Disk Drive
 FDC – Floppy Disk Controller
 ENIAC – Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
 EDSAC – Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
 EDVAC – Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Compute
 EB – EXAByte
 EiB – EXBIByte
 EROM – Erasable Read-Only Memory
 EPROM – Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
 EEPROM – Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
 E-Mail – Electronic Mail
 EFS – Encrypted File System
 FAT – Find Allocation Table
 FPS -Frames Per Second
 FLOPS – Floating Point Operations for Second
 FM – Frequency Modulation
 GB – GigaByte
 GiB – GIBIByte
 GIGO – Garbage in Garbage Out
 GHz – Gigahertz
 GIF – Graphics Interchangeable Format
 GDI – Graphical Device Into
 GPRS – General Packet Radio Service
 GUI – Graphical User Interface
 GBPS – Gigabytes/Gigabits Per Second
 3GP – 3rd Generation Project
 3GPP – 3rd Generation Partnership Project
 GML – Geography Markup Language
 GSM – Global System For Mobile Communication
 IBM – International Business Machines
 IC – Integrated Circuit
 IO – Input Output
 IOP – Input Output Processor
 IPV6 – Internet Protocol Version 6
 IPV4 – Internet Protocol Version 4
 IP – Internet Protocol
 INFO – Information
 HDMI – High Definition Multimedia Interface
 HTTPS – Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
 HD – Hard Disk
 HDD – Hard Disk Drive
 HPC – Handheld Personal Computer
 HP – Hewlett Packard/Horsepower
 INTEL – Integrated Electronics
 IMAP – Internet Message Access Protocol
 ISO – International Organisation for Standardisation
 HSDPA – High-speed Downlink Packet Access
 ICT – Information Communication Technology
 IT – Information Technology
 MIPS – Million Instructions for Second
 MHz – Megahertz
 MBPS – Megabits/Megabytes per Second
 MB – Motherboard/Megabyte
 MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
 LLL – Low-level Language
 Kbps – Kilobits/Kilobytes per Second
 KBD – Keyboard
 KB – Kilobyte
 JSP – Java Server Page
 JS – JavaScript
 JPEG – Joint Photographic Expert Group
 JAD – Job Application Descriptor/Development
 J2EE – Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition
 JAR – Java Archive
 MIME – Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
 MICR – Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
 MPEG – Motion Picture Experts Group
 Mp3 – MPEG Audio Layer 3
 Mp4 – MPEG-4 AVC
 NAT – Network Address Translation
 NIC – Network Interface Card
 NIIT – National Institute of Information Technology
 NTP – Network Time Protocol
 NTFS – New Technology File System
 OMR – Optical Mark Reader/Recognition
 OOP – Object-Oriented Programming
 OpenGL – Open Graphics Library
 OSI – Open Systems Interconnection
 PHP – Hypertext Preprocessor
 PB – PetaByte
 PiB – PebiByte
 PNG – Portable Network
 PNP – Plug and Play
 PDA – Personal Digital
 PDU – Protocol Data Unit/Power Distribution Unit
 PAN – Personal Area Network
 PROM – Programmable Read-Only Memory
 PCI – Peripheral Component Interconnect
 POST – Power on Self Test
 PSU – Power Supply Unit
 PING – Packet Internet/Internetwork Groper
 RDBMS – Relational Database Management System
 RIP – Routing Information to Protocol
 RPM – Revolutions Per Minute
 SMPS – Switch Mode Power Supply
 SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
 SRAM – Static Random Access Memory
 SIM – Subscriber Identity Module
 SAM – Software Asset Management/Sequential Access Method
 SNAP – Subnetwork Access Protocol
 SNOBOL – String Oriented Symbolic Language
 SIU – Serial Interface Unit
 SW – Software
 SMS – Short Message Services
 SQL – Structured Query
 TB – Terabyte
 TiB – Tebibyte
 TCP – Transmission Control Protocol
 TBPS – Terabytes Per Second
 TAPI – Telephony Application Programming Interface
 TXT – Text
 UNIVAC – Universal Automatic Computer
 UHF – Ultra High Frequency
 UMTS – Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
 VAN – Value Added Network
 UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supply
 UI – User Interface
 VDU – Visual Display Unit
 VIRUS – Vital Information Resource Under Seized
 VCD – Video Compact Disk
 VHF – Very High Frequency
 VOIP – VoiceOver Internet Protocol
 VRAM – Video Random Access Memory
 VPN – Virtual Private Network
 WAN – Wide Area Network
 WAP – Wireless Application Protocol
 WORM – Write Once Read Many
 WWW – World Wide Web
 WBMP – Wireless Bitmap Image
 WLAN – Wireless Local Area Network
 WMV – Windows Media Video
 WML – Wireless Markup Language
 WMA – Windows Media Audio
 WINS – Windows Internet Name Service
 XT – Extended Technology
 XMF – Extensible Music File
 XML – Extensible Markup Language
 XMS – Extended Memory Specification
 XHTML – Extensible Hypertext Markup Language
 XSL – Extensible Style Language
 Yahoo – Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle
 YB – Yottabyte
 YiB – Yobibyte
 ZiB – ZebiByte
 ZB – Zetta Byte
 Computer Short Forms Related to Internet and Network
 DNS – Domain Name Server
 FTP – File Transport Protocol
 HTML – HyperText Markup Language
 HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
 IP – Internet Protocol
 ISP – Internet Service Provider
  LAN – Local Area Network
 PPP – Point to Point Protocol
 SEO – Search Engine Optimisation
 URL -Uniform Resource Locator
 USB – Universal Serial Bus
 VR – Virtual Reality
 VRML – Virtual Reality Mark-up Language

Computer Short Cuts

Basic Computer Keyboard Shortcut Keys A to Z
Shortcuts Uses of Shortcut keys
Alt + F File menu options in the current program
Alt + E Edits options in the current program
F1 Universal help (for any sort of program)
Ctrl + A Selects all text
Ctrl + X Cuts the selected item
Ctrl + Del Cut selected item
Ctrl + C Copy the selected item
Ctrl + Ins Copy the selected item
Ctrl + V Paste the selected item
Shift + Ins Paste the selected item
Home Takes the user to the start of the current line
Ctrl + Home Go to the beginning of the document
End Go to the end of the current line
Ctrl + End Go to the end of a document
Shift + Home Highlight from the prevailing position to the start of the line
Shift + End Highlight from the prevailing position to end of the line
Ctrl + (Left arrow) Move one term to the left at a time
Ctrl + (Right arrow) Move one term to the right at a time

Computer Shortcut Keys for Microsoft Windows

Shortcut Keys Uses of Shortcut keys

Ctrl + Plus Adjust the widths of all columns automatically, in Windows Explorer
Key
Alt + Enter Open the properties window for the selected icon or program
Alt + Print Take a screenshot of the current page.
Screen
Ctrl + Alt + Reboot/Windows task manager
Del
Ctrl + Esc These keys allow you to activate the start menu
F4 Its purpose in Windows 95 to XP is to open the locate window
F5 Refresh the contents of your windows system
F3 Find anything from your system’s desktop
Alt + Esc Switch between desktop applications on the taskbar
 F2 Rename the selected icon
Alt + Shift + It allows you to switch back between ongoing applications
Tab
Alt + Tab Switch between open applications/ programs.
Shift + Delete When you press the Shift and Delete keys together, your program or files will be
deleted permanently.
Alt + F4 It is used to close the ongoing program
Ctrl + F4 It’s used to swiftly close a document or a file that’s currently open.

Computer Shortcut Keys for MS Excel

Shortcut keys Uses of shortcut keys

Alt + Shift + When you wanna insert new worksheet use these keys together
F1
Shift + F3 With the help of these keys, you can open the MS-Excel formula window
Shift + F5 When you press these keys together it will open the search box
F11 The F11 key is used to create a chart in MS-Excel
Ctrl + Shift +; With the help of these keys, you can enter the current time
Ctrl +; Use these keys together to enter the current date
Ctrl + K When you want to Insert a link, you can use these keys together
Ctrl + F These keys are used to open find and replace options in MS-Excel
Ctrl + G Use these keys together to open go-to options
Ctrl + B When you press these keys together it will bold highlighted selection.
F2 When you want to edit the selected cell using this key
F5 With the help of this key, you can go to a specific cell
F7 With the help of this key, you can check the spell of selected text
Ctrl + I These commands are used to Italicize highlighted selection.
Ctrl + Space Use these keys together to select the entire column
Shift + Space Use these keys together to select the entire row
Ctrl + W Use these keys together to close the document
Ctrl + H Use these keys to open find and replace options
Ctrl + U With help of these keys, you can underline highlighted text.
Ctrl + Y With help of these keys, you can underline highlighted text.
Ctrl + Z With the help of these keys, you can undo the last deleted action
Ctrl + F9 Use these keys to minimize a current window in MS-Excel
Ctrl + F10 Use these keys to maximize the currently selected window in MS-Excel
Ctrl + Tab With the help of these keys, you can move between two or more open MS-Excel
files
Alt + = With the help of these keys, you can initiate the formula to add all of the above
cells
Ctrl + With the use of these keys together you can insert the value in the current cell
from the above cell.
Ctrl + (Right With the help of these keys, you can jump on to the next section of text
arrow)
Ctrl + O Use these keys to open options in MS-Excel
Ctrl + N Use these keys together to open the document in MS-Excel
 Ctrl + P Use these keys together to open the print dialogue box in MS-Excel

Computer Shortcut Keys for MS Word

Shortcuts Uses of Shortcut keys

Ctrl + B Bold highlighted selection
Ctrl + C Copy selected text
Ctrl + X Cut selected text
Ctrl + N Open new/blank document
Ctrl + O Open options
Ctrl + P Open the print window
Ctrl + F Open find box
Ctrl + I Italicize highlighted selection
Ctrl + K Insert link
Ctrl + U Underline highlighted selection
Ctrl + V Paste
Ctrl + G Find and replace options
Ctrl + H Find and replace options
Ctrl + J Justify paragraph alignment
Ctrl + L Align selected text or line to the left
Ctrl + Q Align selected paragraph to the left
Ctrl + E Align selected text or line to the centre
Ctrl + R Align selected text or line to the right
Ctrl + M Indent the paragraph
Ctrl + T Hanging indent
Ctrl + D Font options
Ctrl + Shift + F Change the font
Ctrl + Shift + > Increase selected font +1
Ctrl + ] Increase selected font +1
Ctrl + [ Decrease selected font -1
Ctrl + Shift + * View or hide non printing characters
Ctrl + (Left arrow) Move one word to the left
Ctrl + (Right arrow) Move one word to the right
Ctrl + (Up arrow) Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph
Ctrl + (Down arrow) Move to the end of the paragraph
Ctrl + Del Delete the word to the right of the cursor
Ctrl + Backspace Delete the word to the left of the cursor
Ctrl + End Move the cursor to the end of the document
Ctrl + Home Move the cursor to the beginning of the document
Ctrl + Space Reset highlighted text to the default font
Ctrl + 1 Single-space lines
Ctrl + 2 Double-space lines
Ctrl + 5 1.5-line spacing
Ctrl + Alt + 1 Change text to heading 1
Ctrl + Alt + 2 Change text to heading 2
Ctrl + Alt + 3 Change text to heading 3
 Shift + F3 Change case of selected text
Shift + Insert Paste
F4 Repeat the last action performed (Word 2000+)
F7 Spell check selected text and/or document
Shift + F7 Activate the thesaurus
F12 Save as
Ctrl + S Save
Shift + F12 Save
Alt + Shift + D Insert the current date
Alt + Shift + T Insert the current time
Ctrl + W Close document
Ctrl+= Set chosen text as a subscript.
Ctrl+Shift+= Set chosen text as superscript.

Computer Shortcut Keys for PowerPoint

Shortcuts Uses of Shortcut Keys

Keys
Ctrl+Shift+< Reduce the font size of the selected text by one size.
CTRL + G Group things together
Ctrl+M Create a new slide just after your chosen slide.
CTRL + D Create a duplicate of your current slide.
Esc Exit the ongoing slide show and it will redirect you to the earlier live view.
Ctrl+K When you want to enter a hyperlink use these keys together.
Ctrl+Shift+> These commands are used to maximize the font size of the selected text by one
size.
F5 With the help of F5, you can start the presentation from the initial slide.
Ctrl+N These commands are used in a different Powerpoint software window, create a new,
blank slide.

Desktop shortcuts

Keyboard shortcut Action

Windows key (or Open Start menu.
Ctrl + Esc)
Ctrl + Arrow keys Change Start menu size.
Ctrl + Shift + Esc Open Task Manager.
Ctrl + Shift Switch keyboard layout.
Alt + F4 Close active window. (If no active window is present, a shutdown box
appears.)
Ctrl + F5 (or Ctrl Refresh current window.
+ R)
Ctrl + Alt + Tab View open apps.
Ctrl + Arrow keys Select multiple items on desktop or File Explorer.
(to select) +
Spacebar
Alt + Underlined Runs command for the underlined letter in apps.
letter
Alt + Tab Switch between open apps while pressing Tab multiple times.
Alt + Left arrow Go back.
key
Alt + Right arrow Go forward.
key
Alt + Page Up Move up one screen.
Alt + Page Down Move down one screen.
Alt + Esc Cycle through open windows.
Alt + Spacebar Open context menu for the active window.
Alt + F8 Reveals typed password in Sign-in screen.
Shift + Click app Open another instance of an app from the Taskbar.
button
Ctrl + Shift + Click Run app as administrator from the Taskbar.
app button
Shift + Right-click Show window menu for the app from the Taskbar.
app button
Ctrl + Click a Cycle through windows in the group from the Taskbar.
grouped app button
Shift + Right-click Show window menu for the group from the Taskbar.
grouped app button
Ctrl + Left arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word.
key
Ctrl + Right arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word.
key
Ctrl + Up arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph
key
Ctrl + Down arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph.
key
Ctrl + Shift + Select block of text.
Arrow key
Ctrl + Spacebar Enable or disable Chinese IME.
Shift + F10 Open context menu for selected item.
F10 Enable app menu bar.
Shift + Arrow keys Select multiple items.
Windows key + X Open Quick Link menu.
Windows key + Open the app in number position from the Taskbar.
Number (0-9)
Windows key + T Cycle through apps in the Taskbar.
Windows key + Alt Open Jump List of the app in number position from the Taskbar.
+ Number (0-9)
Windows key + D Display and hide the desktop.
Windows key + M Minimize all windows.
 Windows key + Restore minimized windows on the desktop.
Shift + M
Windows key + Minimize or maximize all but the active desktop window.
Home
Windows key + Stretch desktop window to the top and bottom of the screen.
Shift + Up arrow
key
Windows key + Maximize or minimize active desktop windows vertically while maintaining width.
Shift + Down arrow
key
Windows key + Move active window to monitor on the left.
Shift + Left arrow
key
Windows key + Move active window to monitor on the right.
Shift + Right arrow
key
Windows key + Left Snap app or window left.
arrow key
Windows key + Snap app or window right.
Right arrow key
Windows key + S Open Search.
(or Q)
Windows key + Alt Open date and time in the Taskbar.
+ D
Windows key + Tab Open Task View.
Windows key + Ctrl Create new virtual desktop.
+ D
Windows key + Ctrl Close active virtual desktop.
+ F4
Windows key + Ctrl Switch to the virtual desktop on the right.
+ Right arrow
Windows key + Ctrl Switch to the virtual desktop on the left.
+ Left arrow
Windows key + P Open Project settings.
Windows key + A Open Action center.
Windows key + I Open Settings app.
Backspace Return to the Settings app home page.

File Explorer shortcuts

Keyboard shortcut Action

Windows key + E Open File Explorer.
Alt + D Select address bar.
Ctrl + E (or F) Select search box.
Ctrl + N Open new window.
Ctrl + W Close active window.
Ctrl + F (or F3) Start search.
 Ctrl + Mouse scroll Change view file and folder.
wheel
Ctrl + Shift + E Expands all folders from the tree in the navigation pane.
Ctrl + Shift + N Creates a new folder on desktop or File Explorer.
Ctrl + L Focus on the address bar.
Ctrl + Shift + Changes folder view.
Number (1-8)
Alt + P Display preview panel.
Alt + Enter Open Properties settings for the selected item.
Alt + Right arrow View next folder.
key
Alt + Left arrow View previous folder.
key (or
Backspace)
Alt + Up arrow Move up a level in the folder path.
F11 Switch active window full-screen mode.
F2 Rename selected item.
F4 Switch focus to address bar.
F5 Refresh File Explorer's current view.
F6 Cycle through elements on the screen.
Home Scroll to the top of the window.
End Scroll to the bottom of the window.

Settings page shortcuts

Keyboard shortcut Action

Ctrl + Tab Cycles forward through the tabs.
Ctrl + Shift + Tab Cycles back through the tabs.
Ctrl + number of Jumps to tab position.
tab
Tab Moves forward through the settings.
Shift + Tab Moves back through the settings.
Alt + underline Actions the setting identified by the letter.
letter
Spacebar Checks or clears the option in focus.
Backspace Opens the folder one-level app in the Open or Save As dialog.
Arrow keys Select a button of the active setting.

Command Prompt shortcuts

Keyboard shortcut Action

Ctrl + A Select all content of the current line.
Ctrl + C (or Ctrl Copy selected items to clipboard.
+ Insert)
Ctrl + V (or Shift Paste content from clipboard.
+ Insert)
 Ctrl + M Starts mark mode.
Ctrl + Up arrow Move the screen up one line.
key
Ctrl + Down arrow Move screen down one line.
key
Ctrl + F Open search for Command Prompt.
Left or right arrow Move the cursor left or right in the current line.
keys
Up or down arrow Cycle through the command history of the current session.
keys
Page Up Move cursor one page up.
Page Down Move cursor one page down.
Ctrl + Home Scroll to the top of the console.
Ctrl + End Scroll to the bottom of the console.

Microsoft Edge shortcuts

Keyboard shortcut Action

Ctrl + Shift + B Show or hide the favorites bar.
Alt + Shift + B Focus on the first item in the favorites bar.
Ctrl + D Save the tab as a favorite.
Ctrl + Shift + D Save open tabs as favorites inside a new folder.
Alt + D (or Ctrl + Select the URL in the address bar to edit.
L or F4)
Ctrl + E (or Ctrl Start search in the address bar.
+ K)
Alt + E (or Alt + Open the Settings (three-dotted) menu.
F or F10 + Enter)
Ctrl + F (or F3) Open the Find on page feature.
Ctrl + G Cycle through search matches in the Find Bar.
Ctrl + Shift + G Reverse cycle through search matches in the Find Bar.
Ctrl + H Open the History page in a new tab.
Ctrl + Shift + I Open Developer Tools console.
(or F12)
Alt + Shift + I Open the Send feedback experience.
Ctrl + J Open the Downloads page in a new tab.
Ctrl + Shift + K Create a duplicate of the tab.
Ctrl + Shift + L Paste and search or Paste and go.
Ctrl + M Mute the current tab.
Ctrl + Shift + M Sign in as a different user in the browser or use Guest user.
Ctrl + N Open a new tab in a new window.
Ctrl + Shift + N Open a new InPrivate window.
Ctrl + O Launch Open dialog.
Ctrl + Shift + O Open Favorites management page.
Ctrl + P Print the current page.
Ctrl + Shift + P Open print settings to print page.
Ctrl + R (or F5) Reload the current page.
Ctrl + Shift + R Reload the page, ignoring cached content.
(or Shift + F5)
Ctrl + S Save loaded page.
Ctrl + T Open a new tab and switch to new tab.
Ctrl + Shift + T Reopen the last closed tab and switch to the tab.
Alt + Shift + T Focus on the first item in the toolbar.
Ctrl + U View page source code.
Ctrl + Shift + U Controls Read Aloud feature.
Ctrl + Shift + V Paste without including formatting.
Ctrl + W (or Ctrl Close the current tab.
+ F4)
Ctrl + Shift + W Close the current window and tabs.
Ctrl + Shift + Y Open Collections feature.
Ctrl + 0 Reset zoom level setting.
Ctrl + 1, 2, ... 8 Switch to a specific open tab.
Ctrl + 9 Switch to the last tab of the window.
Ctrl + Enter Add "www." to the link you typed.
Ctrl + Tab (or Ctrl Switch to the next open tab.
+ PgDn)
Ctrl + Shift + Tab Switch to the previous open tab.
Ctrl + Plus (+) Zoom in.
Ctrl + Minus (-) Zoom out.
Ctrl + \ (PDF) Toggle PDF between fit to page or fit to width.
Ctrl + [ (PDF) Rotate PDF counter-clockwise 90 degree.
Ctrl + ] (PDF) Rotate PDF clockwise 90 degree.
Ctrl + Shift + Open clear browsing data options.
Delete
Alt (or F10) Focus on the Settings (three-dotted) button.
Alt + Left arrow Go back.
Alt + Right arrow Go forward.
Alt + Home Open home page.
Alt + F4 Close the current window.
F1 Open Help page.
F6 Switch focus to the next pane.
Shift + F6 Switch focus to the previous pane.
F7 Enable or disable caret browsing.
F9 Enter or exit Immersive Reader.
Shift + F10 Open browser context menu.
F11 Enter fullscreen.
Esc Stop loading page, close dialog, or close pop-up.
Spacebar (or Scroll down the webpage one screen at a time.
PgDn)
Shift + Spacebar Scroll up the webpage one screen at a time.
(or PgUp)
Tab Go to the next tab stop.
 Shift + Tab Go to the previous tab stop
Home Scroll to the top of the page, or move keyboard focus to the first item of the
pane.
End Scroll to the bottom of the page, or move keyboard focus to the last item of
the pane.
Ctrl + Shift + . Opens or closes Copilot
(period)
Ctrl + Shift + , Open or closes vertical tabs
(comma)
Ctrl + Shift + S Open Web capture
Ctrl + Q Opens Command palette
Shift + Esc Opens Browser task manager
Alt + Shift + I Opens Send feedback

Windows key shortcuts

Keyboard shortcut Action

Windows key Open Start menu.
Windows key + A Open Action center.
Windows key + S Open Search.
(or Q)
Windows key + D Display and hide the desktop.
Windows key + L Locks computer.
Windows key + M Minimize all windows.
Windows key + B Set focus notification area in the Taskbar.
Windows key + C Launch Cortana app.
Windows key + F Launch Feedback Hub app.
Windows key + G Launch Game bar app.
Windows key + Y Change input between desktop and Mixed Reality.
Windows key + O Lock device orientation.
Windows key + T Cycle through apps in the Taskbar.
Windows key + Z Switch input between the desktop experience and Windows Mixed Reality.
Windows key + J Set focus on a tip for Windows 10 when applicable.
Windows key + H Open dictation feature.
Windows key + E Open File Explorer.
Windows key + I Open Settings.
Windows key + R Open Run command.
Windows key + K Open Connect settings.
Windows key + X Open Quick Link menu.
Windows key + V Open Clipboard bin.
Windows key + W Open the Windows Ink Workspace.
Windows key + U Open Ease of Access settings.
Windows key + P Open Project settings.
Windows key + Ctrl Open Narrator.
+ Enter
Windows key + Zoom in using the magnifier.
Plus (+)
Windows key + Zoom out using the magnifier.
Minus (-)
Windows key + Esc Exit magnifier.
Windows key + Start IME reconversion.
Forward-slash (/)
Windows key + Temporarily peek at the desktop.
Comma (,)
Windows key + Up Maximize app windows.
arrow key
Windows key + Minimize app windows.
Down arrow key
Windows key + Minimize or maximize all but the active desktop window.
Home
Windows key + Restore minimized windows on the desktop.
Shift + M
Windows key + Stretch desktop window to the top and bottom of the screen.
Shift + Up arrow
key
Windows key + Maximize or minimize active windows vertically while maintaining width.
Shift + Down arrow
key
Windows key + Move active window to monitor on the left.
Shift + Left arrow
key
Windows key + Move active window to monitor on the right.
Shift + Right arrow
key
Windows key + Left Snap app or window left.
arrow key
Windows key + Snap app or window right.
Right arrow key
Windows key + Open the app in number position in the Taskbar.
Number (0-9)
Windows key + Open another app instance in the number position in the Taskbar.
Shift + Number
(0-9)
Windows key + Ctrl Switch to the last active window of the app in the number position in the
+ Number (0-9) Taskbar.
Windows key + Alt Open Jump List of the app in number position in the Taskbar.
+ Number (0-9)
Windows key + Ctrl Open another instance as an administrator of the app in the number position in
+ Shift + Number the Taskbar.
(0-9)
Windows key + Ctrl Change previous selected input option.
+ Spacebar
 Windows key + Change keyboard layout and input language.
Spacebar
Windows key + Tab Open Task View.
Windows key + Ctrl Create a virtual desktop.
+ D
Windows key + Ctrl Close active virtual desktop.
+ F4
Windows key + Ctrl Switch to the virtual desktop on the right.
+ Right arrow
Windows key + Ctrl Switch to the virtual desktop on the left.
+ Left arrow
Windows key + Ctrl Wake up the device when black or a blank screen.
+ Shift + B
Windows key + Capture a full screenshot in the "Screenshots" folder.
PrtScn
Windows key + Create part of the screen screenshot.
Shift + S
Windows key + Cycle through notifications.
Shift + V
Windows key + Ctrl Open search for the device on a domain network.
+ F
Windows key + Ctrl Open Quick Assist.
+ Q
Windows key + Alt Open date and time in the Taskbar.
+ D
Windows key + Open emoji panel.
Period (.) or
Semicolon (;)
Windows key + Show System Properties dialog box.
Pause

Audio file formats by file extensions

There are several audio file formats, standards, and file extensions used today. Below is a list of the
most common audio file extensions.

.aif - AIF audio file

.cda - CD audio track file
.mid or .midi - MIDI audio file.
.mp3 - MP3 audio file
.mpa - MPEG-2 audio file
.ogg - Ogg Vorbis audio file
.wav - WAV file
.wma - WMA audio file
.wpl - Windows Media Player playlist
Compressed file extensions
compressed files
Most computer users are familiar with the .zip compressed files, but there are other types of compressed
files. Below is a list of the most common compressed file extensions.

.7z - 7-Zip compressed file

.arj - ARJ compressed file
.deb - Debian software package file
.pkg - Package file
.rar - RAR file
.rpm - Red Hat Package Manager
.tar.gz - Tarball compressed file
.z - Z compressed file
.zip - Zip compressed file
Disc and media file extensions
When making an image of a disc or other media, all of the contained files are saved to an image file.
Below are the most common disc image file extensions.

.bin - Binary disc image

.dmg - macOS X disk image
.iso - ISO disc image
.toast - Toast disc image
.vcd - Virtual CD
Data and database file extensions
A data file could be any file, but for this list, we've listed the most common data files that relate to
data used for a database, errors, information, importing, and exporting.

.csv - Comma separated value file

.dat - Data file
.db or .dbf - Database file
.log - Log file
.mdb - Microsoft Access database file
.sav - Save file (e.g., game save file)
.sql - SQL database file
.tar - Linux / Unix tarball file archive
.xml - XML file
E-mail file extensions
E-mail message
Below is a list of the most common file extensions for e-mail and related files.

.email - Outlook Express e-mail message file.

.eml - E-mail message file from multiple e-mail clients, including Gmail.
.emlx - Apple Mail e-mail file.
.msg - Microsoft Outlook e-mail message file.
.oft - Microsoft Outlook e-mail template file.
.ost - Microsoft Outlook offline e-mail storage file.
.pst - Microsoft Outlook e-mail storage file.
.vcf - E-mail contact file.
 Executable file extensions
java archive
The most common executable file are files ending with the .exe file extension. However, other files can
also be run by themselves or with the aid of an interpreter.

.apk - Android package file

.bat - Batch file
.bin - Binary file
.cgi or .pl - Perl script file
.com - MS-DOS command file
.exe - Executable file
.gadget - Windows gadget
.jar - Java Archive file
.msi - Windows installer package
.py - Python file
.wsf - Windows Script File
Font file extensions
Below are the most common file extensions used with fonts.

.fnt - Windows font file

.fon - Generic font file
.otf - Open type font file
.ttf - TrueType font file
Image file formats by file extension
JPEG example
There are many different image types and image file extensions that can be used when creating and
saving images on the computer. Below is a list of the most common image file extensions.

.ai - Adobe Illustrator file

.bmp - Bitmap image
.gif - GIF image
.ico - Icon file
.jpeg or .jpg - JPEG image
.png - PNG image
.ps - PostScript file
.psd - PSD image
.svg - Scalable Vector Graphics file
.tif or .tiff - TIFF image
.webp - WebP image.
Internet-related file extensions
The Internet is the most used resource on the computer and because web servers supply the files, there
are many different file extensions utilized. Below are a list of the most common file extensions on the
web.

Note
Image file extensions, video file extensions, and other extensions listed on this page could also be
included with these file extensions mentioned below.

.asp and .aspx - Active Server Page file

.cer - Internet security certificate
.cfm - ColdFusion Markup file
.cgi or .pl - Perl script file
.css - Cascading Style Sheet file
.htm and .html - HTML file
.js - JavaScript file
.jsp - Java Server Page file
.part - Partially downloaded file
.php - PHP file
.py - Python file
.rss - RSS file
.xhtml - XHTML file
Presentation file formats by file extension
Today, there are a few programs that can create a presentation. Below is a list of the most common
file extensions associated with presentation programs.

.key - Keynote presentation

.odp - OpenOffice Impress presentation file
.pps - PowerPoint slide show
.ppt - PowerPoint presentation
.pptx - PowerPoint Open XML presentation
Programming files by file extensions
Many file extensions are used for programs before they are compiled or used as scripts. Below is a list
of the most common file extensions associated with programming.

Tip
Many of the Internet-related file extensions could also be included with these file extensions mentioned
below.

.c - C and C++ source code file

.cgi and .pl - Perl script file.
.class - Java class file
.cpp - C++ source code file
.cs - Visual C# source code file
.h - C, C++, and Objective-C header file
.java - Java Source code file
.php - PHP script file.
.py - Python script file.
.sh - Bash shell script
.swift - Swift source code file
.vb - Visual Basic file
Note
There are hundreds of programming languages and the above list is only a small fraction of the most
common file extentions.

Spreadsheet file formats by file extension

Below are the most common file extensions used to save spreadsheet files to a computer.

.ods - OpenOffice Calc spreadsheet file

.xls - Microsoft Excel file
.xlsm - Microsoft Excel file with macros
.xlsx - Microsoft Excel Open XML spreadsheet file
System related file formats and file extensions
DLL file
Like all other programs, your operating system uses files and has file extensions that are more common
than others. Below is a list of the most common file extensions used on operating systems.

Note
The executable file extensions and all other files could also be included in this list.

.bak - Backup file

.cab - Windows Cabinet file
.cfg - Configuration file
.cpl - Windows Control panel file
.cur - Windows cursor file
.dll - DLL file
.dmp - Dump file
.drv - Device driver file
.icns - macOS X icon resource file
.ico - Icon file
.ini - Initialization file
.lnk - Windows shortcut file
.msi - Windows installer package
.sys - Windows system file
.tmp - Temporary file
Video file formats by file extension
FLV Flash file extension
Today, several file types are associated with video files to add different types of compression,
compatibility, and DRM to video files. Below is a list of the most commonly found video file extensions.

.3g2 - 3GPP2 multimedia file

.3gp - 3GPP multimedia file
.avi - AVI file
.flv - Adobe Flash file
.h264 - H.264 video file
.m4v - Apple MP4 video file
.mkv - Matroska Multimedia Container
.mov - Apple QuickTime movie file
.mp4 - MPEG4 video file
.mpg or .mpeg - MPEG video file
.rm - RealMedia file
.swf - Shockwave flash file
.vob - DVD Video Object
.webm - WebM video file.
.wmv - Windows Media Video file
Word processor and text file formats by file extension
Creating text files and using a word processor is one of the most common tasks on a computer. Below
is the most common file extensions used with text files and documents.

.doc and .docx - Microsoft Word file

.odt - OpenOffice Writer document file
.pdf - PDF file
.rtf - Rich Text Format
.tex - A LaTeX document file
.txt - Plain text file
.wpd - WordPerfect document