CHAPTER 1

SETS
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Sets. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognized the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standards sequence of the course.

The module contains lesson on:

 Lesson 1 – Definition of Sets
 Lesson 2 – Properties of Sets
 Lesson 3 – Set Operations
 Lesson 4 – Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion of Sets
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Define a Set;
2. Illustrate a subset, universal set, null set, cardinality of set; and
3. Analyze union, intersection, and the difference of two sets.

What I Know
Select the correct answer. Write the letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is a well-defined set?
a. A set of beautiful sceneries c. A set of Philippine Presidents
b. A set of good basketball players d. A set of successful leaders.

2. List all the letters in the word “school”.

a. {s, c, h, o, o, l} c. {s, c, h, o, l}
b. {s, h, o, o, l} d. {s, c, o, l}

3. Which of the following is the symbol of an empty set?

a. ∩ b. U c.  d. Null Set

4. Which of the following is a subset of A= {1,2,3}?

a. {0} b. {0,1} c. {1,2} d. {2,3,4}

5. Given the set of letters in the word “mathematics”, what is the cardinality of the
given set? a. 11 b. 8 c. 6 d. 4
 LESSON 1
DEFINITION OF SETS

In this lesson you will learn how to define and illustrate what is a set and to
identify the elements of the given set’s.
Learning Objectives:

1. Understand that a set is a well-defined collection of objects that have a

property in common,
2. understand that the objects in a set are called its elements,
3. identify whether something is a set,
4. identify the elements of different sets using words.

What’s In
Before we proceed to our lesson let me ask you these questions.
Activity 1: Identify Me!
Let’s Find Out: Identify the given below.
Let’s Use These Materials: Paper and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. What comes to your mind when you hear about the following words?
1. Library
2. Kpop
3. Social media
The above words are examples of a group.
b. Can you think of your examples of a group and its member? The first one has
been done for you. Write your answer on the sheet of paper.
Group’s Name Group’s Member
1. Flowers Gumamela, Kalachuci, Rose, Sampaguita
2.
3.

What is it
Sets
 The groups are called sets. Set maybe thought as a collection of objects.
  A set is a well-defined collection of distinct objects.
 The objects in a set are called the elements or members of the set.
 Capital letters A, B, C, … usually denote sets.
 Lowercase letters a, b, c, ... denote the elements of a set.
Examples:
 A set of mountains
 A set of books
 The collection of the vowels in the word “probability”.

Two Ways to Describe a Set

Ways Description Examples
1. The Tabular or  Listing each element A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Roster Method of the set inside the B = {p, h, i, l, n, e, s}
symbol {}. C = {3, 6, 9, 12, …}
 It is a method of
describing a set
where the elements
are listed down and
separated by
commas and
enclosed in a pair of
braces.
 Distinct element
means unique
elements or has no
duplicate elements.
2. The Set Builder  The method that lists A = {x | x is a positive
Notation or Rule the rules that multiple by 5}
Method determine whether ab B = {x | x is a counting
object is an element number less than 10}
of the set rather than C = {x | x is a mobile
the actual elements. phone}
 is a method of
describing a set by
enclosing within
braces a descriptive
phrase and agreeing
that those elements
and only those which
have the described
property are objects
or elements of the
set.
Exercise: Describe Me!
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. Copy and fill in the table below with the correct translation of the given
description of sets.
b. Write the answer in your Notebook.

Set Builder Notation Roster Method

I = {x | x, x is an even positive 1.
integer less than ten}
W = {x | xx, x is a counting number 2.
between 2 and 15}
3. P = {Cory Aquino, Gloria Arroyo
R = {x | x is a color of the rainbow} 4.

Activity 2:
A. Answer the following questions.
1. Name the next 5 elements of E = {2, 4, 6, …}.
2. Name the next 3 elements of V = {3, 5, 7, 9, 11, …}.
3. The set of vowels?
4. The set of even counting between 50 to 100?
5. The set of the last 3 letters in alphabet?
B. Represent the following set using the rule and roster method.
1. Set of distinct letter in the word mathematics.
2. Set of months of a year ending with the letters “ber”
3. Set of natural numbers that are less than 7.
4. Set of core of the earth.
5. Set of temperature.
 LESSON 2
PROPERTIES OF SETS

In Lesson 1, you have learned how to illustrate sets. Now, you will learn
about Properties of sets like Subset, Equal sets and etc.

Learning Objectives:
1. The students will be able to identify the use set of properties;
2. To determine what kind of sets;
3. To know the differences of each sets.

Properties and Kind of Sets

Description Symbol Examples
1. Equal Sets Two sets that contain A = {j, i, a, n} and B = {n, a, i, j}
the same elements.
=
 Set A and B contain the
same elements.
2. Equivalent Two sets that contain C = {2, 4, 6, 8} and D = {m, a, t,
Sets the same number of
≈ h}
elements.
 Both sets contain four
elements
3. Finite Sets Sets with defined E = {j, a, c, k}
number of elements.
 Elements are countable and
defined the last element.
4. Infinite Set Sets with an infinite F = {2, 4, 6, 8, …}
number of elements.
…
The ellipsis (…) is  There are more even
being added to numbers that follows after 8.
indicate that there are
more elements.
5. Universal The set of all possible G = {5, 6, 7} and H = {8, 9, 3}
Sets elements of any set.
U GUH = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 3}

 The totality of all elements

6. Joint Sets Sets having at least I = {m, a, r, k} and J = {m, a, t, h}
one common
elements.  The common element of set I
and J are m and a.
7. Disjoint Sets having no K = {s, i, m, p} and L = {4, 5, 6,
 Sets common element. 7}

⊆
 There are no common
element
8. Subsets Every elements in M is M = {1, 2, 3, 4} and N ={1, 2, 3,
also an element in N 4}

 M is a subset of N
9. Cardinal The number of Distinct O = {w, e, s, t}
Number elements in the set symbol
 The cardinality of set O is 4.
n(O)
10. Empty Set A set with no element P={}
or Null Set
{} or
φ  Set P is an empty set.

Exercises 1: Complete Me!

To sum it up, let us complete the statements.
1. A set with no element is an _____ or _____.
2. The number of elements in the set refers to _____.
3. The set of all possible elements of any set refers to _____.
4. _____ is a sets that defined the last element.
5. _____ is a sets having no common element.

Exercise 2:
State whether the given set is FINITE or INFINITE.
1. {0,9}
2. {3, 5, 7, …}
3. {x | x is a prime number}
4. {x | x is a whole number greater than 100}
5. {a, n, g, e, l}

Activity: Apply Me!

a. Apart from their Mathematical usage, we use sets in our daily life.
b. Give 3 everyday life examples of sets and explain briefly why you give such
example.
c. The first given below is your guide.
In the Kitchen  The kitchen is the most relevant example of sets.
  The plates are kept separate from bowl and cups.
Your task begins here:
1.

2.

3.

References
https://www.scribd.com/document/472837117/Math7-Q1-Mod1-Introduction-to-
Sets
https://depedtambayan.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/M ATH7-ADM-MODULE-
1.pdf