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Lab Report Implementation of Basic Logic Gates

The lab report details the implementation and functioning of basic logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. It includes objectives, required equipment, truth tables, and a discussion confirming the correctness of the gates' operations. The experiment successfully demonstrated the practical understanding of these gates and their connections.

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Nirjhar
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6 views

Lab Report Implementation of Basic Logic Gates

The lab report details the implementation and functioning of basic logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. It includes objectives, required equipment, truth tables, and a discussion confirming the correctness of the gates' operations. The experiment successfully demonstrated the practical understanding of these gates and their connections.

Uploaded by

Nirjhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab Report: Implementation

of Basic Logic Gates


Objective
• To understand the working of basic logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and
XNOR.
• To implement these gates using a digital logic circuit.
• Become familiarized with combinational logic circuits.

Introduction
• Logic gates are the basic building blocks of digital circuits.
• They perform simple logical operations essential for computation and decision-
making in electronics.
• The seven basic gates are:
o AND Gate: Outputs HIGH (1) only if all inputs are HIGH.
o OR Gate: Outputs HIGH (1) if any input is HIGH.
o NOT Gate: Outputs the opposite of the input (HIGH becomes LOW and vice
versa).
o NAND Gate: Outputs LOW (0) only if all inputs are HIGH.
o NOR Gate: Outputs HIGH (1) only if all inputs are LOW.
o XOR Gate: Outputs HIGH (1) if the inputs are different.
o XNOR Gate: Outputs HIGH (1) if the inputs are the same.

Required Equipment
• Breadboard
• Connecting wires
• Power supply (5V DC)
• Logic gate ICs:
o IC 7408 (AND gate)
o IC 7432 (OR gate)
o IC 7404 (NOT gate)
o IC 7400 (NAND gate)
o IC 7402 (NOR gate)
o IC 7486 (XOR gate)
o IC 74266 (XNOR gate)
• LED indicators
• Resistors (1kΩ)

Logic Gates and Truth Tables


1. AND Gate
• Symbol: ⊥
• Truth Table:

Input A Input B Output Y


0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

2. OR Gate
• Symbol: ≥1
• Truth Table:

Input A Input B Output Y


0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

3. NOT Gate
• Symbol: ⌐
• Truth Table:

Input A Output Y
0 1
1 0
4. NAND Gate
• Symbol: ⊼
• Truth Table:

Input A Input B Output Y


0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

5. NOR Gate
• Symbol: ≠
• Truth Table:

Input A Input B Output Y


0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0

6. XOR Gate
• Symbol: ⊕
• Truth Table:

Input A Input B Output Y


0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

7. XNOR Gate
• Symbol: ⊕̅
• Truth Table:

Input A Input B Output Y


0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Circuit Diagram

Discussion
• The experiment demonstrated how basic logic gate's function and how they can be
connected to achieve specific outputs.
• AND Gate: Produces an output only when all inputs are HIGH.
• OR Gate: Produces an output when at least one input is HIGH.
• NOT Gate: Inverts the input signal.
• NAND Gate: Outputs the opposite of the AND gate.
• NOR Gate: Outputs the opposite of the OR gate.
• XOR Gate: Outputs HIGH when the inputs are different.
• XNOR Gate: Outputs HIGH when the inputs are the same.
• The observed outputs matched the truth tables, confirming the correctness of the
connections and the gates' operations.

Conclusion
• The implementation of all basic logic gates was successfully completed.
• The practical understanding of AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR gates was
achieved.

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