Science, Technology, and Engineering

Creative Technology 10
Quarter 3 - Module 3, week 4-5

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Creative Technology - Grade 10
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Actuators and Locomotion Devices
First Edition, 2024

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 10
Creative
Technology
Quarter 3 - Module 3:
week 4-5

Actuators and Locomotion Devices

Introductory Message
This part contains instructions for the learner and for the facilitator on how to
use the module
• For the Learner:

We are delighted to have you join us on this journey throughout the world of robotic
technology. This course will educate you regarding the essential modules and
elements that make up robotic systems. You'll learn how each module functions, how
they interact with one another, and how to combine them to form practical robots.

Ready for a journey into the captivating domains of sensors, actuators, control
systems, and programming. By the end of this course, you'll have a good basis for
creating and experimenting with your own robotic projects.

Let's explore the future of technology together!

• For the Facilitator:

Welcome and congratulations to our robotics program! You play a vital role for
assisting our learners understand the exciting world of robotics as facilitators. The
objective of this course is to educate you with the abilities and knowledge required
to teach robotic systems' basic modules and components.

Significant concepts including sensors, actuators, control systems, and

programming will be covered. Our intention is to provide you the self-assurance and
competencies you need to inspire and help your students as they experiment and
learn about robotics.

Let's work together to develop the upcoming generation of technologists and

innovators!
Lesson
Final Element and Indicating Devices
1 What I Need to Know

• Select appropriate control interfaces and actuators for the

specific function or purpose.

Notes to the Teacher

• Can be included in any part of the lesson proper to give

additional instructions to the teachers/facilitators

What I Know
Pre-Test

1. What is a primary use of a servo motor in robotics?

A) Measuring temperature
B) Controlling rotational movement
C) Storing data
D) Generating sound
2. Which type of signal is used to control a servo motor?
A) Analog signal
B) Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
C) Digital signal
D) Direct current (DC)

3. What are the typical components of a servo motor?

A) Motor, gears, and feedback mechanism
B) Resistor, capacitor, and inductor
C) Battery, switch, and LED
D) Microcontroller, display, and sensor
4. How is the position of a servo motor's shaft typically controlled?
A) By adjusting the voltage
B) By changing the frequency of the signal
C) By varying the duration of the PWM signal
D) By modifying the current
5. What is the usual range of motion for a standard servo motor?
A) 0 to 90 degrees
B) 0 to 360 degrees
C) 0 to 180 degrees
D) 0 to 270 degrees
6. Which feature distinguishes a continuous rotation servo motor from a standard servo motor?
A) It can rotate infinitely in either direction
B) It only moves to specific angles
C) It is controlled by analog signals
D) It has a built-in sensor
Answer: A) It can rotate infinitely in either direction
7. What is the main advantage of using a servo motor in precision applications?
A) Low cost
B) High torque
C) Accurate position control
D) Large size
8. Which component in a servo motor provides feedback to maintain its position?
A) Capacitor
B) Potentiometer
C) Diode
D) Transistor
9. In which of the following applications would you most likely find a servo motor?
A) Lighting systems
B) Audio amplifiers
C) Remote-controlled cars
D) Air conditioning units
10. What type of motor is typically used in a servo motor assembly?
A) AC motor
B) DC motor
C) Stepper motor
 D) Induction motor
11. What is a common method to increase the torque of a servo motor?
A) Increasing the voltage supply
B) Using a higher frequency signal
C) Adding a gear reduction system
D) Decreasing the PWM signal duration
12. Which type of servo motor would you choose for a project requiring precise and limited
angular movement?
A) Continuous rotation servo
B) Standard servo
C) Stepper motor
D) Brushless DC motor
13. What is the role of the control wire in a servo motor?
A) To supply power to the motor
B) To ground the motor
C) To send control signals
D) To provide feedback to the controller
14. Which parameter is most commonly adjusted to control the position of a servo motor?
A) Voltage
B) Signal frequency
C) Pulse width
D) Current
15. What is the typical operating voltage range for most hobbyist servo motors?
A) 1-2V
B) 3-7V
C) 6-12V
D) 9-15V

What’s In

On the previous topic the learner demonstrates an understanding on how Arduino

uno use as microcontroller that process the programs as one of the main components
of a robotic project.

What’s New

Servo Motor Basics with Arduino

The Servo Library is a great library for controlling servo motors. In this article, you
will find two easy examples that can be used by any Arduino board.

The first example controls the position of an RC (hobby) servo motor with your
Arduino and a potentiometer. The second example sweeps the shaft of an RC servo
motor back and forth across 180 degrees.
Hardware Required

• Arduino Board
• Servo Motor
• 10k ohm potentiometer
• hook-up wires
• capacitors
• power supply

Powering Servo Motors

Servo motors have different power requirements depending on their size and the
workload they are experiencing. A common servo motor such as the Feetech Mini
Servo Motor requires between 4.8 - 6 V at 5 – 6 mA when idle. It doesn't take
very much energy to stand still.

But as soon as the motor starts moving, it starts using more energy, and it gets
that energy by pulling more current from the power source.

If it experiences heavier loads such as added weight or an object blocking its

movement , it naturally needs to use even more energy to move the obstacle, and
as a result the current consumption increases. The current consumption of the
motor linked above can reach up to 800 mA.

This high current-draw is generally not safe to draw from an Arduino board. To
avoid damaging our board we need to power the servo motor through an external
power supply. Choosing the correct power supply depends on the servo motor you
are using, so always check the specifications. Pay especially close attention to the:

• operating voltage range

• idle current - consumption when not moving
• running current - consumption when moving freely
• stall current - consumption under max load or when blocked

To power a 4.8 - 6 V servo you could use a 5 V 1 A AC Adapter, cut the cable, and
connect the wires to the servo using e.g. a breadboard.

Note that USB wall chargers are limited to 500 mA (USB 2.0) or 900 mA (USB 3.0).
If your project needs to move around freely without being attached to a power outlet
you can also choose batteries to power the servo. If you need 5 V exactly you can
use two 18650 Li-Ion batteries together with a step-down converter.

A step-down converter is needed because 18650 Li-Ion batteries will give you
around 7.4 V. The max current depends on the specific battery but most of them
are designed to output above 1A which is enough to power our small servo.

If you are using bigger or more servos make sure to check your power requirements
accordingly.

Capacitors are recommended for powering servo motors. They help stabilize the
power supply, minimize voltage drops, and reduce electrical noise. The specific
capacitor values may vary based on the servo motor's requirements, but including
them is good practice for better performance and reliability.

When using a Feetech Mini Servo Motor we recommend using a 100

µF capacitor.

Because some capacitors are polarised (meaning that they have a direction), you
may need to be careful with how you connect them to your circuit. Make sure to
connect them correctly by checking for markings such as a white stripe, a '+'
symbol, or a longer lead. If your capacitor has these, match the indicators of the
capacitor with your circuit (pay attention to the + and - signs), and be careful not
to exceed the voltage limits. This precaution helps prevent issues like leaks or
damage that could harm your circuit.
Circuit

Servo motors have three wires: power, ground, and signal. The power wire is
typically red, and should be connected to positive pole (+) of your power source. The
ground wire is typically black or brown and should be connected to the negative
pole (-) of your power source.

The signal pin is typically yellow or orange and should be connected to PWM pin on
the board. In these examples, it is pin number 9.

Knob Circuit
For the Knob example, wire the potentiometer so that its two outer pins are
connected to power (+5V) and ground, and its middle pin is connected to

A0
on the board. Then, connect the servo motor as shown in the circuit below.
Sweep Circuit
For the Sweep example, connect the servo motor as shown in the circuit below.

Examples

Knob
Controlling a servo position using a potentiometer (variable resistor).

#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo

int potpin = 0; // analog pin used to connect the potentiometer

int val; // variable to read the value from the analog pin

void setup() {
 myservo.attach(9); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object

void loop() {

val = analogRead(potpin); // reads the value of the potentiometer (value

between 0 and 1023)

val = map(val, 0, 1023, 0, 180); // scale it to use it with the servo (value between
0 and 180)

myservo.write(val); // sets the servo position according to the scaled

value

delay(15); // waits for the servo to get there

Sweep
Sweeps the shaft of a RC servo motor back and forth across 180 degrees.

#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo

// twelve servo objects can be created on most boards

int pos = 0; // variable to store the servo position

void setup() {

myservo.attach(9); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object

void loop() {

for (pos = 0; pos <= 180; pos += 1) { // goes from 0 degrees to 180 degrees

// in steps of 1 degree
 myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'

delay(15); // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position

for (pos = 180; pos >= 0; pos -= 1) { // goes from 180 degrees to 0 degrees

myservo.write(pos); // tell servo to go to position in variable 'pos'

delay(15); // waits 15ms for the servo to reach the position

What is It

In overall, in selecting appropriate control interfaces inspires our learners to be more

cooperative in terms of technology which it directs them to be more efficient, effective
and innovative and overall user satisfaction. Therefore, alertness in selecting the
most suitable interface for any given purposes.

What’s More

Directions: Complete the missing Diagram below.

What I Have Learned

 Directions: Complete the missing code in knob circuit using servo motor.

#include <Servo.h>

Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo

int potpin = 0; // analog pin used to connect the potentiometer

int val; // variable to read the value from the analog pin

void setup() {

myservo.attach(9); // attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object

void loop() {

val = analogRead(potpin); // reads the value of the potentiometer (value

between 0 and 1023)

val = map(val, 0, 1023, 0, 180); // scale it to use it with the servo (value between
0 and 180)

delay(15); // waits for the servo to get there

What I Can Do
Performance Task. Group Activity.

Directions: Execute the Sweep Circuit Code using Arduino IDE with complete
diagram.

Scoring Rubric for Group Dynamics

Group #:
Group Name:

Grade & Section:

Date:

Title of the Activity:

Student’s Name & Task/s:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Assessment

Post-Test
1. What is a primary use of a servo motor in robotics?
A) Measuring temperature
B) Controlling rotational movement
C) Storing data
D) Generating sound
2. Which type of signal is used to control a servo motor?
A) Analog signal
B) Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
C) Digital signal
D) Direct current (DC)

3. What are the typical components of a servo motor?

A) Motor, gears, and feedback mechanism
B) Resistor, capacitor, and inductor
C) Battery, switch, and LED
D) Microcontroller, display, and sensor
4. How is the position of a servo motor's shaft typically controlled?
A) By adjusting the voltage
B) By changing the frequency of the signal
C) By varying the duration of the PWM signal
D) By modifying the current
5. What is the usual range of motion for a standard servo motor?
A) 0 to 90 degrees
B) 0 to 360 degrees
C) 0 to 180 degrees
D) 0 to 270 degrees
6. Which feature distinguishes a continuous rotation servo motor from a standard servo motor?
A) It can rotate infinitely in either direction
B) It only moves to specific angles
C) It is controlled by analog signals
D) It has a built-in sensor
Answer: A) It can rotate infinitely in either direction
7. What is the main advantage of using a servo motor in precision applications?
A) Low cost
B) High torque
C) Accurate position control
D) Large size
8. Which component in a servo motor provides feedback to maintain its position?
A) Capacitor
B) Potentiometer
C) Diode
D) Transistor
9. In which of the following applications would you most likely find a servo motor?
A) Lighting systems
B) Audio amplifiers
C) Remote-controlled cars
D) Air conditioning units
10. What type of motor is typically used in a servo motor assembly?
A) AC motor
B) DC motor
C) Stepper motor
D) Induction motor
11. What is a common method to increase the torque of a servo motor?
A) Increasing the voltage supply
B) Using a higher frequency signal
C) Adding a gear reduction system
 D) Decreasing the PWM signal duration
12. Which type of servo motor would you choose for a project requiring precise and limited
angular movement?
A) Continuous rotation servo
B) Standard servo
C) Stepper motor
D) Brushless DC motor
13. What is the role of the control wire in a servo motor?
A) To supply power to the motor
B) To ground the motor
C) To send control signals
D) To provide feedback to the controller
14. Which parameter is most commonly adjusted to control the position of a servo motor?
A) Voltage
B) Signal frequency
C) Pulse width
D) Current
15. What is the typical operating voltage range for most hobbyist servo motors?
A) 1-2V
B) 3-7V
C) 6-12V
D) 9-15V

Additional Activities

Directions: Present the chosen Project

Answer Key

What’s More
What I Have Learned

myservo.write(val); // sets the servo position according to the scaled

value

References
• Include all third party materials or sources in developing the material
• Follows the Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition

For your guide,

https://docs.arduino.cc/learn/electronics/servo-motors/
You can also visit the Servo GitHub repository to learn more about this library.

Note: Number of pages from Introduction/What I

Need to Know to Additional Activity shall be 16
pages or number of pages from Title Page to
reference shall be divisible by 8 or 16.

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