Chapter 23

Simple Network
Management Protocol
(SNMP)

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 CONTENTS
• CONCEPT
• MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS
• SMI
• MIB
• SNMP
• MESSAGES
• UDP PORTS
• SECURITY

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 23.1 Concept

„ Manager checks Agent’s performance

„ Manager changes Agent’s operating
parameters
„ Agent reports warnings to Manager

A PC running the SNMP Router/ Switch/ Network

client program Printer running the SNM
Server program

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 23.2 Components of network management on the Internet

Structure of Management Information Management Information Base

„ SNMP defines the format of packets exchanged between a manager and an

agent. It reads and changes the status (values) of objects (variables) in SNMP
packets.
„ SMI defines the general rules for naming objects, defining object types
(including range and length), and showing how to encode objects and values.
‰ SMI defines neither the number of objects an entity should manage, nor
names the objects to be managed nor defines the association between the
objects and their values.
„ MIB creates a collection of named objects, their types, and their relationships
to each other in an entity to be managed.

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 We can compare the task of network
management to the task of writing
a program.
1. Both tasks need rules. In network
management this is handled by SMI.
2. Both tasks need variable declarations.
In network management this is handled
by MIB.
3. Both tasks have actions performed by
statements.In network management this is
handled by SNMP.
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 23.3 SMI

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 Object Identifiers

All objects managed by SNMP

are given an object identifier.
The object identifier always starts
with 1.3.6.1.2.1.

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 Data Types

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 Simple Data Types

Size (in
Type Description
bytes)
INTEGER 4 An integer -231 to 231 - 1
Integer32 4 Same as INTEGER
Unsigned32 4 0 to 232 - 1
OCTET STRING Variable Byte-string up to 64K Bytes long
OBJECT Variable An object identifier
IDENTIFIER
IPAddress 4 An IP address
Counter32 4 An integer whose value can be incremented from 0 to 232 – 1
then wraps back to 0
Counter64 8 A 64-bit counter
Gauge32 4 Same as Counter32 but remains at its maximum value
(without wrapping) until it is reset
TimeTicks 4 A counting value that records time in 1/100ths of a second
BITS A string of bits
Opaque Variable Uninterpreted string

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 Structured Data Types

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 TLV Encoding Format

Tag Tag
Type Type
(Hex) (Hex)
INTEGER 02 IPAddress 40

OCTET STRING 04 Counter 41

OBJECT IDENTIFIER 06 Gauge 42

NULL 05 TimeTicks 43

Sequence, sequence of 30 Opaque 44

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 Length Format

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 Example 1: The 32-bit INTEGER 14

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 Example 2: OCTET STRING “HI”

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 Example 3: The ObjectIdentifier 1.3.6.1

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 Example 4: The IPAddress 131.21.14.8

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 23.4 Management Information Base (MIB ver. 2)
„ Each agent (i.e. managed network device) has its own MIB2, a
collection of all manageable objects inside the agent.
„ MIB2 classifies the objects into 10 groups

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 Accessing MIB Variable.
Example: UDP MIB2

„ udpInDatagram : 1.3.6.1.2.1.7.1
„ The value (instance)
‰ 1.3.6.1.2.1.7.1.0

„ udpLocalPort: 1.3.6.1.2.1.7.5.1.2

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 udp variables and tables

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 Indexes for udpTable

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 Lexicographic ordering

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 23.5 SNMP PDUs (8 PDUs)

A0

A1

A5

A3

A2

A7

A6

A8

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 SNMP PDU format

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 23.6 SNMP
message

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 GetRequest
message

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 23.7 Port numbers for SNMP

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