HARARE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

HIT2102

SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENTS: EEE/EIM/CPSE/EBM/EPT/EMT
HIT2102: Statistics for Engineers

TUTOTIAL 1 06-08-2024

Time : −− hours

Candidates should attempt ALL questions [58M arks] .

A1. Many universities and colleges have instituted supplemental instruction (SI) programs,
in which a student facilitator meets regularly with a small group of students enrolled
in the course to promote discussion of course material and enhance subject mastery.
Suppose that students in a large statistics course (what else?) are randomly divided
into a control group that will not participate in SI and a treatment group that will
participate. At the end of the term, each students total score in the course is deter-
mined.

(a) Are the scores from the SI group a sample from an existing population? If so,
what is it? If not, what is the relevant conceptual population? [1]
(b) What do you think is the advantage of randomly dividing the students into the
two groups rather than letting each student choose which group to join? [3]
(c) Why didnt the investigators put all students in the treatment group? Note:
The article Supplemental Instruction: An Effective Component of Student Affairs
Programming (J. of College Student Devel., 1997: 577586) discusses the analysis
of data from several SI programs. [1]

A2. Do running times of American movies differ somehow from running times of French
movies? The author investigated this question by randomly selecting 25 recent movies
of each type, resulting in the following running times:
Am: 94 90 95 93 128 95 125 91 104 116 162 102 90
110 92 113 116 90 97 103 95 120 109 91 138
Fr: 123 116 90 158 122 119 125 90 96 94 137 102 105
106 95 125 122 103 96 111 81 113 128 93 92
Construct a comparative stem-and-leaf display by listing stems in the middle of your
paper and then placing the Am leaves out to the left and the Fr leaves out to the right.
Then comment on interesting features of the display. [4]

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A3. The paper Study on the Life Distribution of Microdrills (J. of Engr. Manufacture,
2002: 301305) reported the following observations, listed in increasing order, on drill
lifetime (number of holes that a drill machines before it breaks) when holes were drilled
in a certain brass alloy.
11 14 20 23 31 36 39 44 47 50
59 61 65 67 68 71 74 76 78 79
81 84 85 89 91 93 96 99 101 104
105 105 112 118 123 136 139 141 148 158
161 168 184 206 248 263 289 322 388 513

(a) Why can a frequency distribution not be based on the class intervals 0 − 50,
50 − 100, 100 − 150, and so on? [1]
(b) Construct a frequency distribution and histogram of the data using class bound-
aries 0, 50, 100, ..., and then comment on interesting characteristics. [4]
(c) Construct a frequency distribution and histogram of the natural logarithms of the
lifetime observations, and comment on interesting characteristics. [4]
(d) What proportion of the lifetime observations in this sample are less than 100?
What proportion of the observations are at least 200? [2]

A4. The mean height of the women in a large population is 1.671m while the mean height
of the men in the population is 1.758m. The mean height of all the members of the
population is 1.712m. Calculate the percentage of the population who are women. [2]

A5. A computer routine selects one of the integers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 at random and replicates
the process a total of 100 times. Let S denote the sum of the 100 numbers selected.
Calculate the approximate probability that S assumes a value between 280 and 320
inclusive. [5]

A6. A study of the relationship between age and various visual functions (such as acuity
and depth perception) reported the following observations on the area of scleral lamina
(mm2 ) from human optic nerve heads (Morphometry of Nerve Fiber Bundle Pores in
the Optic Nerve Head of the Human, Experimental Eye Research, 1988: 559568):
2.75 2.62 2.74 3.85 2.34 2.74 3.93 4.21 3.88
4.33 3.46 4.52 2.43 3.65 2.78 3.56 3.01

x2i .
P P
(a) Calculate xi and [2]
(b) Use the values calculated in part (a) to compute the sample variance s2 and then
the sample standard deviation s. [2]

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A7. For customers purchasing a refrigerator at a certain appliance store, let A be the event
that the refrigerator was manufactured in the U.S., B be the event that the refriger-
ator had an icemaker, and C be the event that the customer purchased an extended
warranty. Relevant probabilities are:
0.75, P (B|A0 ) = 0.9, P (B|A0 ) = 0.8, P (C|(A
T
P (A) = T B)) = 0.8
P (C|(A B )) = 0.6, P (C|(A B)) = 0.7, P (C|(A B 0 )) = 0.3
0 0 0
T T

(a) Construct a tree diagram consisting of first-, second-, and third-generation branches,
and place an event label and appropriate probability next to each branch. [7]
T T
(b) Compute P (A B C) [1]
T
(c) Compute P (A B) [2]
(d) Compute P(C) [4]
T
(e) Compute P (A|(B C)), the probability of a U.S. purchase given that an icemaker
and extended warranty are also purchased. [2]

A8. Consider randomly selecting a single individual and having that person test drive 3
different vehicles. Define events A1 , A2 , and A3 by A1 likes vehicle 1, A2 likes vehicle
2, A3 likes vehicle 3. S
SupposeT that P (A1 ) = 0.55,
S P (A
S2 ) = 0.65, P (A3 ) = 0.70, P (A1 A2 ) = 0.80,
P (A2 A3 ) = 0.40, P (A1 A2 A3 ) = 0.88.

(a) What is the probability that the individual likes both vehicle 1 and vehicle 2? [2]
(b) Determine and interpret P (A2 |A3 ). [3]
(c) Are A2 and A3 independent events? Answer in two different ways. [2]
(d) If you learn that the individual did not like vehicle 1, what now is the probability
that he/she liked at least one of the other two vehicles? [4]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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