DAX Functions

DAX functions can be categorized into several groups. Below, we’ll elaborate on each category with
detailed explanations and multiple examples.

Aggregate Functions
Aggregate functions perform calculations on a set of values and return a single value.

1. SUM()
Adds up all the values in a specified column.

Example 1: Total Sales

Total Sales = SUM(Sales[SalesAmount])

Calculates the total sales amount from the `SalesAmount` column in the `Sales` table.

Example 2: Total Quantity Sold

Total Quantity = SUM(Sales[Quantity])

Calculates the total quantity sold from the `Quantity` column in the `Sales` table.

2. AVERAGE()
Calculates the average of values in a specified column.

Example 1: Average Sales Amount

Average Sales = AVERAGE(Sales[SalesAmount])

Returns the average sales amount from the `SalesAmount` column.

Example 2: Average Discount

Average Discount = AVERAGE(Sales[Discount])

Calculates the average discount applied in the sales transactions.

3. COUNT()
Counts the number of rows in a column that contain numbers.

Example 1: Count of Sales Transactions

Number of Sales = COUNT(Sales[SalesID])

Counts the total number of sales transactions based on the `SalesID` column.

Example 2: Count of Products Sold

Count of Products = COUNT(Sales[ProductID])

Counts how many products have been sold.

4. COUNTA()
Counts the number of non-empty values in a column.

Example 1: Count of Non-blank Customer Names

Count of Customers = COUNTA(Customers[CustomerName])

Counts all non-blank customer names in the `CustomerName` column.

Example 2: Count of Non-empty Order IDs

Count of Orders = COUNTA(Sales[OrderID])

Counts all non-empty order IDs.

5. MIN()
Returns the smallest value in a column.

Example 1: Minimum Sales Amount

Lowest Sale = MIN(Sales[SalesAmount])

Finds the smallest sales amount from the `SalesAmount` column.

Example 2: Minimum Order Quantity

Minimum Quantity = MIN(Sales[Quantity])

Returns the minimum quantity ordered.

6. MAX()
Returns the largest value in a column.
Example 1: Maximum Sales Amount

Highest Sale = MAX(Sales[SalesAmount])

Finds the largest sales amount from the `SalesAmount` column.

Example 2: Maximum Order Quantity

Maximum Quantity = MAX(Sales[Quantity])

Returns the maximum quantity ordered.

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Logical Functions
Logical functions perform logical operations and return TRUE or FALSE.

1. IF()
Evaluates a condition and returns one value if TRUE, another if FALSE.

Example 1: Sales Performance

Sales Performance = IF(Sales[SalesAmount] > 1000, "High", "Low")

Classifies sales as "High" if above 1000, otherwise "Low".

Example 2: Discount Eligibility

Discount Eligibility = IF(Sales[TotalPurchase] > 500, "Eligible", "Not Eligible")

Checks if the total purchase qualifies for a discount.

2. AND()
Returns TRUE if all conditions are TRUE.

Example 1: High Sales in North Region

Is High Sales = IF(AND(Sales[SalesAmount] > 1000, Sales[Region] = "North"), "Yes", "No")

Checks if sales are high and in the North region.

Example 2: Product Availability

Is Available = IF(AND(Products[Stock] > 0, Products[Discontinued] = FALSE), "In Stock", "Out of Stock")

Determines if a product is available based on stock and discontinuation status.

3. OR()
Returns TRUE if at least one condition is TRUE.

Example 1: Sales in Specific Regions

Is South or West = IF(OR(Sales[Region] = "South", Sales[Region] = "West"), "Yes", "No")

Checks if sales are in either the South or West region.

Example 2: High Discount or Special Offer

Is Special Offer = IF(OR(Sales[Discount] > 20, Sales[SpecialOffer] = TRUE), "Yes", "No")

Determines if a sale qualifies as a special offer.

4. NOT()
Reverses the value of a logical expression.

Example 1: Not High Sales

Not High Sales = IF(NOT(Sales[SalesAmount] > 1000), "Yes", "No")

Checks if sales are not high.

Example 2: Not Eligible for Discount

Not Eligible for Discount = IF(NOT(Sales[TotalPurchase] > 500), "Yes", "No")

Determines if a purchase does not qualify for a discount.

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Text Functions
Text functions manipulate text strings.

1. CONCATENATE()
Joins two text strings into one.

Example 1: Full Name

Full Name = CONCATENATE(Customers[FirstName], " " & Customers[LastName])

Combines first and last names into a full name.

Example 2: Address

Full Address = CONCATENATE(Customers[StreetAddress], ", " & Customers[City])

Combines street address and city into a full address.

2. LEN()
Returns the length of a text string.

Example 1: Length of Customer Name

Name Length = LEN(Customers[CustomerName])

Calculates the length of customer names.

Example 2: Length of Product Description

Description Length = LEN(Products[Description])

Returns the length of product descriptions.

3. LEFT()
Returns the specified number of characters from the start of a text string.

Example 1: First Three Letters of Product Code

Product Code Prefix = LEFT(Products[ProductCode], 3)

Extracts the first three letters of the product code.

Example 2: Initials from Name

Initials = LEFT(Customers[FirstName], 1) & LEFT(Customers[LastName], 1)

Creates initials from the first and last names.

4. RIGHT()
Returns the specified number of characters from the end of a text string.
Example 1: Last Three Characters of Product SKU

SKU Suffix = RIGHT(Products[SKU], 3)

Extracts the last three characters of the SKU.

Example 2: Last Name from Full Name

Last Name = RIGHT(Customers[FullName], LEN(Customers[FullName]) - FIND(" ", Customers[FullName]))

Extracts the last name from the full name.

5. UPPER()
Converts a text string to uppercase.

Example 1: Uppercase Customer Name

Upper Case Name = UPPER(Customers[CustomerName])

Converts customer names to uppercase.

Example 2: Uppercase Product Description

Upper Case Description = UPPER(Products[Description])

Converts product descriptions to uppercase.

6. LOWER()
Converts a text string to lowercase.

Example 1: Lowercase Customer Name

Lower Case Name = LOWER(Customers[CustomerName])

Converts customer names to lowercase.

Example 2: Lowercase Product Description

Lower Case Description = LOWER(Products[Description])

Converts product descriptions to lowercase.

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Date and Time Functions
These functions work with date and time values.

1. TODAY()
Returns the current date.

Example 1: Current Date

Current Date = TODAY()

Displays the current date.

Example 2: Days Since Start of Year

Days Since Start of Year = TODAY() - DATE(YEAR(TODAY()), 1, 1)

Calculates the number of days since the start of the current year.

2. NOW()
Returns the current date and time.

Example 1: Current DateTime

Current DateTime = NOW()

Displays the current date and time.

Example 2: Time Elapsed Since Last Update

Time Since Last Update = NOW() - LastUpdated[UpdateTime]

Calculates the time elapsed since the last update.

3. YEAR()
Extracts the year from a date.

Example 1: Year of Sale

Sale Year = YEAR(Sales[SaleDate])

Extracts the year from the sale date.

Example 2: Year of Birth

Birth Year = YEAR(Customers[DateOfBirth])

Extracts the birth year from the customer's date of birth.

4. MONTH()
Extracts the month from a date.

Example 1: Month of Sale

Sale Month = MONTH(Sales[SaleDate])

Extracts the month from the sale date.

Example 2: Month of Birth

Birth Month = MONTH(Customers[DateOfBirth])

Extracts the birth month from the customer's date of birth.

5. DAY()
Extracts the day from a date.

Example 1: Day of Sale

Sale Day = DAY(Sales[SaleDate])

Extracts the day from the sale date.

Example 2: Day of Birth

Birth Day = DAY(Customers[DateOfBirth])

Extracts the day from the customer's date of birth.

6. DATEDIFF()
Calculates the difference between two dates.

Example 1: Days Between Two Dates

Days Between = DATEDIFF(Sales[StartDate], Sales[EndDate], DAY)

Calculates the number of days between start and end dates.

Example 2: Months Between Two Dates

Months Between = DATEDIFF(Sales[StartDate], Sales[EndDate], MONTH)

Calculates the number of months between start and end dates.

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Filter Functions
These functions modify filter context for calculations.

1. FILTER()
Returns a table that has been filtered based on a condition.

Example 1: Filter High Sales

High Sales = FILTER(Sales, Sales[SalesAmount] > 1000)

Creates a table of sales where the sales amount exceeds 1000.

Example 2: Filter Products in Stock

In Stock Products = FILTER(Products, Products[Stock] > 0)

Creates a table of products that are in stock.

2. ALL()
Removes filters from a table or column.

Example 1: Total Sales Without Filters

Total Sales All = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[SalesAmount]), ALL(Sales))

Calculates total sales ignoring any filters applied to the `Sales` table.

Example 2: All Products Count

Total Products All = CALCULATE(COUNT(Products[ProductID]), ALL(Products))

Counts all products ignoring any filters.

3. CALCULATE()
Changes the context in which data is evaluated.

Example 1: Total Sales for 2020

Total Sales 2020 = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[SalesAmount]), Sales[Year] = 2020)

Calculates total sales for the year 2020.

Example 2: Total Sales for Specific Region

Total Sales North = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[SalesAmount]), Sales[Region] = "North")

Calculates total sales for the North region.

4. VALUES()
Returns a one-column table that contains the distinct values from the specified column.

Example 1: Unique Products Sold

Unique Products = VALUES(Sales[ProductID])

Returns a table of unique product IDs sold.

Example 2: Distinct Customer Names

Distinct Customers = VALUES(Customers[CustomerName])

Returns a table of distinct customer names.

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Time Intelligence Functions

Time intelligence functions simplify working with dates and time, allowing for easy calculations over
time periods.

1. TOTALYTD()
Calculates year-to-date values.

Example 1: Year-to-Date Sales

Total Sales YTD = TOTALYTD(SUM(Sales[SalesAmount]), Dates[Date])

Calculates total sales from the beginning of the year to the current date.
Example 2: Year-to-Date Profit

Total Profit YTD = TOTALYTD(SUM(Sales[Profit]), Dates[Date])

Calculates year-to-date profit.

2. SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR()
Compares values from the same period in the previous year.

Example 1: Sales Last Year

Sales Last Year = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[SalesAmount]), SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR(Dates[Date]))

Calculates total sales for the same period last year.

Example 2: Profit Last Year

Profit Last Year = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[Profit]), SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR(Dates[Date]))

Calculates profit for the same period last year.

3. DATEADD()
Shifts dates by a specified number of intervals.

Example 1: Sales Last Month

Sales Last Month = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[SalesAmount]), DATEADD(Dates[Date], -1, MONTH))

Calculates total sales for the last month.

Example 2: Sales Last Quarter

Sales Last Quarter = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[SalesAmount]), DATEADD(Dates[Date], -1, QUARTER))

Calculates total sales for the last quarter.

4. PREVIOUSYEAR()
Returns the previous year.

Example 1: Sales Previous Year

Sales Previous Year = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[SalesAmount]), PREVIOUSYEAR(Dates[Date]))

Calculates total sales for the previous year.

Example 2: Profit Previous Year

Profit Previous Year = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[Profit]), PREVIOUSYEAR(Dates[Date]))

Calculates profit for the previous year.