What is Art?

 Art is something that is perennially around us.

ART come from the ancient Latin word, arts which means “a craft or specialized
from of a skill, like carpentry or smithying or surgery” (Collingwood, 1983).

Assumptions of Art
a. Art is Universal
b. Art is not Nature
c. Art involves Experience

Art Appreciation as a Way of Life

 Art as a creative work that depicts the world in a completely different light
and perspective, and the source id due to human freedom (Jean Paul Satre as
cited in Greene, 1995).

The Role of Creativity in Art Making

 Creativity requires thinking outside the box.
 In art, creativity is what sets apart one artwork from another.

Art as Product of Imagination, Imagination as a Product of Art

 Imagination is not constrained by the walls of the norm, but goes beyond
that.

Art as Expression
 Art expression- can be an emotion that will remain unknown to a man until he
expresses it. Example: “I am angry”, is a mere description but expression
means a reflection of inner selves.

ELEMENTS OF ART
1. Line- is one of the element which disposed by an artist through painting or
sculpture to represent figures and forms.
 Horizontal-lines- are lines repose and serenity. They express ideas of
calmness and quiescence.
 Vertical lines- are lines poised for action. They suggest poise, balance,
force, aspiration, exaltation and dynamism.
 Diagonal Lines- suggest action, life, and movement.
 Curved lines- suggest grace, subtleness, direction, instability, movement,
flexibility, joyousness and grace.
 Crooked and jagged- lines- express energy, violence, conflict and struggle.

2. Shape- conveys a defined 2 dimensional or 3 dimensional area. It has an

outline around and it is recognizable through its form. Shapes can be created
without a boundary line.

3. Texture- is one of the element of art which describe the characteristics of a

surface which can add richness and vitality to the painting. It gives a surface
 unevenness which causes the color of the surface to be broken into
gradations of light and shade.

4. Color- is one of the element of art which describe as the property of light and
has most aesthetic appeal.
The visible spectrum of reflected light. It has the 3 attributes of:
 Hue- Its unique color name
 Value- Lightness or darkness
 Intensify or saturation – Purity or strength
When the spectrum is organized as a color wheel, the colors are divided into:
 Primary- Red, yellow, blue
 Secondary- orange, green, violet Intermediate or tertiary: orange-red,
bluegreen and etc.
 Analogous (next to each other) or complementary (opposites)
 Warm or Cool colors- Warm colors move forward, cool colors recede).

5. Space- The area around, below, above and within artwork

It can be describe as:
 Two dimensional (2D) or three dimensional (3D)
 Flat, swallow or deep
 Open or closed
 Positive (subject) or negative (background)

6. Value- The lightness or darkness of a color.

 Value changes in color are called:
 TINTS when they are lighter that the original color
 SHADES when they are darker than the original color.

ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
1. Rhythm- It is the variation of length and accentuation of a series of sounds.
2. Dynamics- How quietly or loudly a piece of music should be played or refers
to the amount of strength, or volume of the sound.
3. Melody- Refers to the aesthetic product of a given succession of pitches in
musical time, implying rhythmically ordered movement from pitch to pitch.
4. Harmony- it is the manner of sound combination wherein we add subordinate
5. sounds to enhance quality of main sounds.
6. Timbre- The quality of sound made by a particular voice or musical
instrument
7. or refers to the tone quality.
8. Pitch- the highness or lowness of sound which determine solely by the
9. frequency of molecular vibrations.
10.Tempo- refers to the speed of a certain musical piece.
Dance- is an art and a creation. As an art, it tells a story, asset set of moods, or
expresses an emotion. Dances are varying in form.

Types of dances:
1. Folk dance/ ethnic dance- are social dances that portray the beliefs. Interest,
habits, customs, and practices of native.
2. Ballroom Dances- are dances of public entertainment, usually pairs in
ballrooms, nightclubs, auditoriums or public places.
3. Theatrical Dances- are performed for the entertainment of the audience in a
theatre.

ELEMENTS OF DANCE
1. Theme- it conveys message of a dance
2. Design- is the pattern movement in time and space.
3. Movement- refers to the bodily actions of the dancer that includes steps,
gestures and facial expression.
4. Technique- the skill of movement executed by the dancer.
5. Music- is the auditory background to which the dancer moves
6. Costume and body paraphernalia- properties worn by the dancer that help
reflect the message, customs, beliefs and setting dance.
7. Choreography-refers to the figures and steps in dancing that enables the
dancers to perform a dance in organized manner.
8. Scenery- refers to the background setting where the dance performed.

ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE
1. Character- The character is the individuals that the story is about.
2. Setting- The setting is location of the action.
3. Plot- The plot is the actual story around which the entire book is based.
4. Conflict- Characterized by struggle between two opposing officers.
5. Resolution- The solution to the problem is the way action is resolved.

Principles Art of Design

The composition of artwork is intentionally arranging the elements of art (listed
below using of the organization to create a unified artwork).
1. Balance- It is a condition or quality which gives feeling of rest, repose, equilibrium
or stability. Parts of a composition described as weights of lines, forms, values,
textures and colors. These elements are creating a sense of visual stability or
tension is called balance.
Kinds of Balance:
 Asymmetrical- The parts of an image are when the one-sided composition does
not reflect the design of the other. Or, with equal visual weight.
Symmetrical- The parts of an image are organized so that one mirrors the other
2. Emphasis/ Dominance- is the principle of art which tends to carry the eyes from
the center of interest or dominant part of composition to the less important or
subordinate parts.
3. Proportion- is the art principle which shows pleasing relationship between a whole
and its parts between the parts themselves.
 Proportions expressed in terms of Ratio
Three aspects of Proportion:
a. Proportion in Grouping of Objects
b. Proportion in Space Divisions
c. Proportion in Scales
4. Movement/ Rhythm- Movement refers to how elements are arranged to draw
your eye through artwork or imply a sense of motion.
5. Repetition/Pattern- An element that is repeated in a planned way to create
rhythm or unity.
6. Variety- Using the art elements to create differences in artwork that add visual
interest.
7. Harmony- The accentuating of similarities within an artwork to create unity. The
opposite of variety. Components that are common traits.
8. Unity- Is a successful combination of art elements that creates a sense of
wholeness and visual completion in an artwork. How the artwork functions as a
whole, unified piece.

The Artist and Artisan’s Medium and Technique

Comparing Artists to Artisans
Artists and Artisans fill different roles in the art sector. Artist work in the fine arts
includes painting, illustration, and sculpture while artisans are craftsmen who work
in textiles, pottery, glass, television, long and round tables, rooms, doors, etc.
Usually, these are manmade shapes (Ragans, 2005).
Responsibilities of Artist vs Artisans
Artists and Artisans articulate a vision through their art or craft. Fine artists work
with paint, watercolor, pen, ink, or illustrations, while artisans craft works like
jewelry, glasswork, pottery, or other functional products. Artists focus on creating
aesthetically pleasing works, while artisans’ work focuses on accessing functionality
more than aesthetics. The work of artists tends to be shown in museums or
galleries, while artisans are crafts displayed in fairs, shops, and malls.

Definition of Medium
The word medium, which comes from the Latin word medium, denoted how
an artist communicates his idea. It is the stuff out of which he creates a work of art.
These are the materials that the artist uses to translate his feelings or thoughts into
a beautiful reality.
Visual- The visual is the spaces. These mediums can be seen and occupy space.
This group is into two classes:
a. 2-dimensional arts- which include painting, drawing, printmaking, and
photography.
b. 3-dimensional arts- Sculpture, architecture, landscape, community planning,
Industrial design, and the crafts like ceramics and furniture making.
Auditory- These are mediums that can be heard and which are expressed in time.
These are music and literature e.g., Dance, Opera, Drama, and movies.
Technique- This is an important aspect that distinguishes an art form craft.
Definition of Technique
The technique is how the artist controls his medium to achieve the desired
effect. It is the ability with which he fulfills the technical requirements of his
particular work of art. It has to do with the way he manipulates his medium to
express his ideas. Artists differ from one another in technique even if they use the
same medium.