Scribd
Upload
7 views18 pages

T-SQL-Practice 02

The document outlines the basics of SQL, including creating tables, understanding schemas, and SQL datatypes. It covers column properties, adding constraints, and altering tables, with practical exercises for creating and modifying an Employee table. Additionally, it provides practice queries for an HR database and homework resources for further learning.

Uploaded by

quivocrypto2020
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views18 pages

T-SQL-Practice 02

The document outlines the basics of SQL, including creating tables, understanding schemas, and SQL datatypes. It covers column properties, adding constraints, and altering tables, with practical exercises for creating and modifying an Employee table. Additionally, it provides practice queries for an HR database and homework resources for further learning.

Uploaded by

quivocrypto2020
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Practice 02.

SQL Basics
Outline

Creating your first table 1


Naming conventions 1
Understanding schemas 3
Understanding SQL Datatypes 5
Understanding column properties 8
Creating tables 8
Do it yourself with Employee table 10
Altering table 10
Understanding computed columns 11

Adding constraints to a table 12

Create DB diagram 17

Practice with the below databases 18

I. Creating your first table

Naming conventions
The above tables does not have naming convention

===>
The above tables have naming convention.

Understanding schemas

While a database is the primary container of all objects, schemas offer another level of
containment and organization within a database.
Using a schema, a user can group objects of similar scope or ownership together By default, the
database owner (dbo) schema is automatically created within a database. Any object that is
created is added to this schema.
Understanding SQL Datatypes

Numeric

Exact numeric data types

● With fixed precision and scale, there are more data types: ​decimal and numeric.

decimal[ (​p​[ ,​s​] )] and numeric[ (​p​[ ,​s]​ )]


p (precision)
The maximum total number of decimal digits that will be stored, both to the left and to
the right of the decimal point. The precision must be a value from 1 through the
maximum precision of 38. The default precision is 18.
s​ (scale)
The number of decimal digits that will be stored to the right of the decimal point. This
number is subtracted from ​p​ to determine the maximum number of digits to the left of
the decimal point. Scale must be a value from 0 through ​p.​ Scale can be specified only
if precision is specified. The default scale is 0; therefore, 0 <= ​s​ <= ​p.​
Example: decimal(4,2): To store a four-digit number with only two digits to the right of the
decimal place

Approximate numeric data types

● Approximate-number data types for use with floating point numeric data. Floating
point data is approximate; therefore, not all values in the data type range can be
represented exactly. The ISO synonym for real is float(24).

float [ (​n)​ ] Where ​n​ is the number of bits that are used to store the mantissa of the float
number in scientific notation and, therefore, dictates the precision and storage size. If ​n
is specified, it must be a value between 1 and 53. The default value of ​n​ is 53.

STRING
Date and time data types
Understanding column properties

● Allow null
● Primary key
● Length
● Unique
● Identity

Creating tables
Do it yourself with Employee table

Employee(EmployeeID, Firstname, MiddleName, LastName)


EmployeeID: int, not null, identity (1,1)
Firstname: varchar, 50, Not null
MiddleName varchar, 50, null
Lastname, varchar, 50, not null

Altering table
❏ Add one more column Gender to Employee table
Understanding computed columns
❏ Add one more column Fullname = FirstName + ‘, ‘ + LastName to Employee table
Adding constraints to a table
Primary key constraints
Default constraints
Unique constraints
Check constraints

❏ Set EmployeeID property as primary key


❏ Set Default value (1) for Active property
❏ Set SocialSecurityNumber property as Unique value
❏ Create check constraint Gender = Female or Male
Foreign key constraints

❏ Creating foreign key constraint between Address table and Employee table, namely,
between EmployeeID on Address table to EmployeeID on Employee table.
Create DB diagram
Practice with the HR database

SQL​​: ​https://www.w3resource.com/sql-exercises/sorting-and-filtering-hr/index.php

1. Write a query in SQL to display the full name (first and last name), and salary
for those employees who earn below 6000.
2. Write a query in SQL to display the first and last_name, department number
and salary for those employees who earn more than 8000.
3. Write a query in SQL to display the first and last name, and department
number for all employees whose last name is “McEwen”.
4. Write a query in SQL to display all the information for all employees without
any department number
5. Write a query in SQL to display all the information about the department
Marketing.
Homework
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/SQL_Exercises/The_Hospital
https://www.w3resource.com/sql-exercises/hospital-database-exercise/sql-exerci
se-on-hospital-database.php

You might also like