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Chapter 4.1

Chapter 4 discusses the relative equilibrium of liquids, focusing on how fluids behave under different types of motion, including rectilinear translation and rotation. It explains that while fluids can appear static when moving at a constant speed, acceleration introduces internal forces that affect pressure and flow patterns. The chapter includes example problems related to horizontal, inclined, and vertical motions of fluids in various tank configurations.

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Airah Guevarra
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16 views21 pages

Chapter 4.1

Chapter 4 discusses the relative equilibrium of liquids, focusing on how fluids behave under different types of motion, including rectilinear translation and rotation. It explains that while fluids can appear static when moving at a constant speed, acceleration introduces internal forces that affect pressure and flow patterns. The chapter includes example problems related to horizontal, inclined, and vertical motions of fluids in various tank configurations.

Uploaded by

Airah Guevarra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 4

“RELATIVE
EQUILIBRIUM OF
LIQUIDS”

College of Engineering and Architecture


CHAPTER 4
Topic 1 - RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION (MOVING VESSEL)
1.1 - HORIZONTAL MOTION
1.2 - INCLINED MOTION
1.3 - VERTICAL MOTION

Topic 2 - ROTATION(ROTATING VESSEL)


2.1 - “OPEN” ROTATING VESSEL
2.2 - “CLOSED” ROTATING VESSEL
Under certain conditions, the particles within a fluid may not move relative to one
another, yet the entire fluid mass can still be in motion. This means that while the fluid
moves as a whole, the particles maintain their positions relative to each other, creating
the appearance that the fluid is at rest from its own perspective. For instance, when a
fluid moves at a constant speed (steady velocity), it behaves much like a static fluid, as
seen in fluid statics. The forces within the fluid remain balanced, and there’s no
noticeable internal motion between the particles. This is similar to water in a steadily
flowing river, where the flow is smooth, and the water particles seem to move together
without much turbulence.
However, when the fluid undergoes acceleration, either through translation (moving in a
straight line with changing speed) or rotation (spinning), the situation becomes more
complex. In such cases, internal forces arise due to the acceleration, causing changes in
pressure distribution and flow patterns. This requires a different approach to analyze the
fluid’s behavior, which is crucial in engineering applications.
W = Mg

TOPIC 1.1 - HORIZONTAL MOTION

REF = Ma

a θ
N

FBD:

W = Mg
N

REF = Ma
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
Problem 1
An open rectangular tank mounted on a truck is 5m long, 2m wide and
2,5m high is filled with water to a depth of 2m.
(a) What maximum horizontal acceleration can be imposed on the tank
without spilling any water and
(b) determine the accelerating force on the liquid mass?
(c) If the acceleration is increased to 6m/s², how much water is spilled out?
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
Problem 2
A closed horizontal cylindrical tank 1.5 m in diameter and 4m long is
completely filled with gasoline (sp.gr. = 0.82) and accelerated horizontally
at 3 m/s². Find the total force acting at the rear wall and at the front wall of
the tank. Find also the accelerating force on the fluid mass.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
Problem 3
A closed rectangular tank 4m long, 2m wide, and 2m high is filled with
water to a depth of 1.8m. If the allowable force at the rear wall of the tank is
200 kN, how fast can it be accelerated horizontally?
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
REFV = M aV
TOPIC 1.2 - INCLINED MOTION
W = Mg
av
a REFH = M aH
a H

θ
N

FBD:

θ M aV
N

Mg

M aH
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
Problem 4
A vessel containing oil is accelerated on a plane inclined 15° with the
horizontal at 1.2 m/s². Determine the inclination of the oil surface when the
motion is ;
(a) Upward
(b) Downwards
SOLUTION:

θ θ

(Static Motion) (Upward Motion) (Downward Motion)


TOPIC 1.3 - VERTICAL MOTION
REF = Ma

W = Mg

h h
a Area = A

F= pA
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
Problem 5
An open tank containing oil (sp.gr. = 0.8) is accelerated vertically at 8 m/s².
Determine the pressure 3m below the surface if the motion is;
(a) Upward with a positive acceleration,
(b) Upward with a negative acceleration,
(c) Downward with a positive acceleration,
(d) Downward with a negative acceleration.
SOLUTION:

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