HANDWRITTEN DIGIT

CLASSIFICTION
 HANDWRITTEN DIGIT CLASSIFICTION

ABSTRACT
Handwritten digit classification is fundamental task in the field of machine
learning. This project aims to develop on convolution Neural Networks model to Effectively
classify handwritten digit from the MNIST dataset. CNN to have demonstrated significant
success in image recognition task due to their ability to automatically learn spatial hierarchies of
feature through convolution layer. This MNIST dataset which consists of 60000 image grayscale
image of digit (0-9) is used for training and testing the model. The model is built with multiple
images.

The project leverage machine learning techniques specially convolution Neural Network
(CNN) to extract and improve classification of images and improve classification accuracy.
convolution layer, polling layer, and fully connected layer to classify the input digit data
preprocessing to us such as Reshaping are applied to improve the network’s performance.

This is about convolution Neural Network and its importance it also converted how a
dataset is divided into training and test dataset. A dataset was Taken to makes prediction of
handwritten digit from (0-9). The dataset was cleared scaled and shaped using NodeJS. CNN
model was created and was eventually trained on the training dataset. Finally, prediction,
classification user made using the trained model with an accuracy of digit.

The Model’s performance s evaluated based on the accuracy and result shows a
high classification accuracy dimension. basic to perform.

This work highlights the importance of deep feature extraction, robust preprocessing, and
effective augmentation in improving classification performance. The findings demonstrate that
deep learning techniques, particularly CNNs, are highly effective for handwritten digit
recognition. Future directions include exploring advanced architectures such as transformers,
integrating these models with real-time systems, and extending the application to more
challenging datasets, such as those containing multi-language handwritten scripts or real-world
data. This research underscores the potential of automated handwriting analysis enabling
efficient and accurate digit recognition systems in various practical scenarios.
 INTRODUCTION

Handwritten digit classification is a fundamental problem in the field of computer vision

and machine learning. The task involves recognition and the classifying digit from 0-9 that are
written by hand in various style and formats This is an essential application in real -world
system. Such as postal code, banking system Form processing and many other.

Convolution Neural Network (CNN)have emerged as one of the most powerful and
widely used tools for solving image classification problem including Handwritten digit
classification. CNN are designed to automatically learn hierarchical pattern from raw image data
by utilizing specialized layer such as convolution layer, pooling layer and full connected layer.
This Architecture is highly efficient in handling spatial relationship and identifying key features
within images making it particularly effective for task like digit recognition .

The MNIST dataset which contains thousands of labeled images of handwritten digit is
one of the most commonly used datasets for training and evaluating machine learning models for
this task by training CNN on the of MNIST dataset model can learn to identify digit from new
image with high accuracy.

This project explores the application of CNN in handwritten digit classification demonstrating
how deep learning techniques can be used to automate the recognition process and achieve high
level of accuracy. This projection will cover the steps of data preprocessing architecture design,
model training and evaluation providing a comprehensive approach of solving this important
problem in the field of machine learning.

CNNs are specialized deep learning models designed to process grid-like data, such
as images. They use convolutional layers to extract features, pooling layers to reduce spatial
dimensions, and fully connected layers for classification. These networks are highly effective in
capturing local patterns and translating them into more complex representations.

In this project, we will use Python and popular deep learning to build a CNN model
for handwritten digit classification. We will utilize the MNIST dataset, a benchmark dataset
comprising 70,000 grayscale images of handwritten digits, each of size 28×2828 \times 2828×28
pixels. The dataset is pre-labeled, making it ideal for supervised learning.

Modules:
1. Input module.
2. Data Preprocessing module
3. Model Architecture module
4. Training module
5. Evaluation module
6. Prediction module
 MODULE DESCRIPTION

Input Module:

The input module in handwritten digit classification refers to the component of the
system responsible for accepting and preparing the input data (images of handwritten digits)
before feeding it into the CNN. The input module in handwritten digit classification is
responsible for preparing the image data to be processed by the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN). Typically, the data consists of grayscale images of handwritten digits, such as those from
the MNIST dataset, which includes 28x28 pixel images.

Preprocessing Module:
The preprocessing module in handwritten digit classification is crucial for preparing the
raw image data to ensure the CNN performs efficiently and accurately. It begins with data
normalization, where pixel values, typically ranging from 0 to 255, are scaled to a range of 0 to
1 by dividing each value by 255. This normalization helps stabilize the training process and
speeds up convergence.

Architecture Module:
The architecture module in handwritten digit classification defines the structure and
organization of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) used to classify digit images. It begins
with an input layer that accepts the preprocessed image data, typically with dimensions like
28x28x1 for grayscale images. This is followed by one or more convolutional layers, where
small filters slide over the input to extract features such as edges and patterns.

Training Module:
The training module in handwritten digit classification is responsible for optimizing the
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to accurately classify images of digits. It starts by
splitting the dataset into training, validation, and testing subsets, ensuring the model is trained
on one portion while being evaluated on unseen data to avoid overfitting.

Evaluating Module:
 The evaluation module in handwritten digit classification assesses the performance of the
trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) on unseen data to ensure its accuracy and
generalization. The evaluation is performed on the test dataset, which contains images not used
during training or validation. Metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score are
computed to measure the model's performance. The primary metric, accuracy, calculates the
percentage of correctly classified images.

Prediction Module:
The prediction module in handwritten digit classification is responsible for generating
predictions on new, unseen images of handwritten digits. After the CNN is trained and evaluated,
this module takes preprocessed input images, passes them through the network, and produces
output probabilities for each digit class (0-9).

SYSTEM STUDY

Existing System
 Handwritten digit classification has been a well-researched area in the field of machine
learning with numerous systems developed to address this task. These is system typically use the
MNIST dataset or similar dataset as benchmark.
Overview Of Existing system:

1.Convolution Network Base System:

CNN have become the de-fact on standard for handwritten digit classification due to their
ability to automatically extract features.
Key features:
 End-To -End Learning Elements the need for manual features extraction.
 High accuracy(>98%)on the MNIST dataset.
 Layer like convolution, pooling and dense layer are used for features extraction and
classification.

2.Dataset sources used in Existing System:

*MNIST Dataset : 60000 training images and 10000 testing images .standard benchmark for
handwritten digit classification.
*Modified MNIST Dataset: This includes uppercase and lowercase letter alongside digit used for
alphanumeric.

3.Techniques And Algorithm:

 Preprocessing: Resizing image to uniform dimensional (28x28pixel for MNIST).

 Normalization of pixel value to [0,1].
 Data argumentation to increases dataset visibility.

Proposed System:
Objective: To develop a highly accurate and efficient handwritten digit recognition
system using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs).Utilize the widely-used MNIST dataset
containing 70,000 images of handwritten digits (0-9).Preprocess the images. Normalize pixel
values to a range of 0-1.Perform data augmentation techniques (e.g., rotation, translation,
scaling) to increase data variability and improve model robustness.Split the dataset into training,
validation, and testing sets.

Model Training and Evaluation:

 Train the CNN model using an appropriate optimizer (e.g., Adam, SGD) and loss
function (e.g., categorical crossentropy). Monitor training progress using validation data.Fine-
tune hyperparameters (e.g., learning rate, batch size, number of epochs) to achieve optimal
performance. Evaluate the trained model on the test set and calculate accuracy, precision, recall,
and F1-score.

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Hardware specification:
Processor : Intel core dual
Hard Disk : 500 GB
Platform : Windows 11
RAM : 4 GB
Keyboard : 102
Mouse : Laptop or HP etc....
Software specification:
Frontend : HTML
Backend : python
User Interface Design : CSS & BOOTSTRAP
Web Browser : Bing.