Scribd
Upload
5 views2 pages

Information Knowledge Wisdom

The document discusses the relationships and distinctions between data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, explaining how data becomes information through analysis and interpretation. It outlines the evolution of data collection from manual methods to the use of computing devices, and categorizes data sources based on ownership and proximity to the source. Additionally, it differentiates between types of data such as zero-party, first-party, second-party, and third-party data.

Uploaded by

vasubabu.bachala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views2 pages

Information Knowledge Wisdom

The document discusses the relationships and distinctions between data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, explaining how data becomes information through analysis and interpretation. It outlines the evolution of data collection from manual methods to the use of computing devices, and categorizes data sources based on ownership and proximity to the source. Additionally, it differentiates between types of data such as zero-party, first-party, second-party, and third-party data.

Uploaded by

vasubabu.bachala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Data, information, knowledge, and wisdom are closely related concepts, but each has its role

concerning the other, and each term has its meaning. According to a common view, data is
collected and analyzed; data only becomes information suitable for making decisions once it has
been analyzed in some fashion.[8] One can say that the extent to which a set of data is
informative to someone depends on the extent to which it is unexpected by that person. The
amount of information contained in a data stream may be characterized by its Shannon entropy.

Knowledge is the awareness of its environment that some entity possesses, whereas data
merely communicates that knowledge. For example, the entry in a database specifying the
height of Mount Everest is a datum that communicates a precisely-measured value. This
measurement may be included in a book along with other data on Mount Everest to describe
the mountain in a manner useful for those who wish to decide on the best method to climb it.
Awareness of the characteristics represented by this data is knowledge.

Data are often assumed to be the least abstract concept, information the next least, and
knowledge the most abstract.[9] In this view, data becomes information by interpretation; e.g.,
the height of Mount Everest is generally considered "data", a book on Mount Everest geological
characteristics may be considered "information", and a climber's guidebook containing practical
information on the best way to reach Mount Everest's peak may be considered "knowledge".
"Information" bears a diversity of meanings that range from everyday usage to technical use.
This view, however, has also been argued to reverse how data emerges from information, and
information from knowledge.[10] Generally speaking, the concept of information is closely
related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge,
meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, and representation. Beynon-Davies uses the
concept of a sign to differentiate between data and information; data is a series of symbols,
while information occurs when the symbols are used to refer to something.[11][12]

Before the development of computing devices and machines, people had to manually collect
data and impose patterns on it. With the development of computing devices and machines,
these devices can also collect data. In the 2010s, computers were widely used in many fields to
collect data and sort or process it, in disciplines ranging from marketing, analysis of social
service usage by citizens to scientific research. These patterns in the data are seen as
information that can be used to enhance knowledge. These patterns may be interpreted as
"truth" (though "truth" can be a subjective concept) and may be authorized as aesthetic and
ethical criteria in some disciplines or cultures. Events that leave behind perceivable physical or
virtual remains can be traced back through data. Marks are no longer considered data once the
link between the mark and observation is broken.[13]
Mechanical computing devices are classified according to how they represent data. An analog
computer represents a datum as a voltage, distance, position, or other physical quantity.
A digital computer represents a piece of data as a sequence of symbols drawn from a
fixed alphabet. The most common digital computers use a binary alphabet, that is, an alphabet
of two characters typically denoted "0" and "1". More familiar representations, such as numbers
or letters, are then constructed from the binary alphabet. Some special forms of data are
distinguished. A computer program is a collection of data, that can be interpreted as
instructions. Most computer languages make a distinction between programs and the other
data on which programs operate, but in some languages, notably Lisp and similar languages,
programs are essentially indistinguishable from other data. It is also useful to
distinguish metadata, that is, a description of other data. A similar yet earlier term for metadata
is "ancillary data." The prototypical example of metadata is the library catalog, which is a
description of the contents of books.

Data sources

[edit]

With respect to ownership of data collected in the course of marketing or other corporate
collection, data has been characterized according to "party" depending on how close the data is
to the source or if it has been generated through additional processing. "Zero-party data" refers
to data that customers "intentionally and proactively shares".[14] This kind of data can come from
a variety of sources, including: subscriptions, preference centers, quizzes, surveys, pop-up
forms, and interactive digital experiences.[15] "First-party data" may be collected by a company
directly from its customers.[16] The secure exchange of first-party data among companies can be
done using data clean rooms.[17] "Second-party data" refers to data obtained from other
organizations or partners, through purchase or other means and has been described as
"another organization's first-party data".[18][19] "Third-party data" is data collected by other
organizations and

You might also like