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Activity3 5 1

The document outlines three mathematical activities for Class XII students at Amity International School. Activity 3 demonstrates a one-one but not onto function using plastic strips, while Activity 4 establishes the relationship between common and natural logarithms through graphing. Activity 5 involves finding the limit of a function at a specific point and checking its continuity, concluding that the function is not continuous at that point.

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27 views3 pages

Activity3 5 1

The document outlines three mathematical activities for Class XII students at Amity International School. Activity 3 demonstrates a one-one but not onto function using plastic strips, while Activity 4 establishes the relationship between common and natural logarithms through graphing. Activity 5 involves finding the limit of a function at a specific point and checking its continuity, concluding that the function is not continuous at that point.

Uploaded by

advaitwes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Amity International School

Sector-43
Gurugram
Class XII

Activity-3 (Date-23-04-24)

OBJECTIVE:
To demonstrate a function which is one-one but not onto.

MATERIAL REQUIRED : Coloured pencil, scale, adhesive and strips.

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION :
1. Paste a plastic strip on the left hand side of the file and mark two points in it as shown in the Fig. 1.
Name the points as a and b.
2. Paste another strip on the left hand side of the file right to the Fig. 1 and mark three points on it as
shown in the Fig. 2. Name the points as on the right strip as 1, 2 and 3.
3. Join points on the left strip to the points on the right strip as shown in the Fig. 3.

DEMONSTRATION :
1. Take the set 𝑋 = {𝑎, 𝑏}.
2. Take the set 𝑌 = {1, 2, 3}.
3. Join elements of 𝑋 to the elements of 𝑌 as shown in Fig. 3.

OBSERVATION :
1. The image of the element a of 𝑋 in 𝑌 is 2.
The image of the element b of 𝑋 in 𝑌 is 3.
So, the Fig. 3 represents a function.
2. Every element in X has a unique image in Y.
So, the function is one-one .
3. The pre-image of the element 1 of Y in X does not exist .
So, the function is not onto .
Thus, Fig. 3 represents a function which is one-one but not onto.
Activity-4 (Date- 8-05-24)

OBJECTIVE:
To establish a relationship between common logarithm (to the base 10) and natural logarithm (to the
base e) of the number x.
MATERIAL REQUIRED:
White sheet, graph paper, pencil, scale, log tables or calculator (graphic/scientific).

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION:
1.Paste a graph paper on a white sheet .
2. Find some ordered pairs satisfying the function 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑥. Using log tables/ calculator and draw
the graph of the function on the graph paper (see Fig.)

3. Similarly, draw the graph of 𝑦′ = log 𝑒 𝑥 on the same graph paper as shown in the figure (using
log table/calculator).

DEMONSTRATION :
1. Take any point on the positive direction of x-axis, and note its x-coordinate.
2. For this value of x, find the value of y-coordinates for both the graphs of 𝑦 = log10 𝑥 and y ′ = log 𝑒 𝑥 by
actual measurement, using a scale, and record them as y and y′, respectively.
𝑦
3. Find the ratio 𝑦′.
4. Repeat the above steps for some more points on the x-axis (with different values) and find the corresponding
ratios of the ordinates as in Step 3.
1
5. Each of these ratios will nearly be the same and equal to 0.4, which is approximately equal to log 10.
𝑒

OBSERVATION:
𝒚
S.No. Points on the 𝒚 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝒙 𝒚′ = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 𝒙 Ratio 𝒚′
x-axis
(approximate)

𝑥1 = 1.1 0.04 0.1 0.4

𝑥2 = 1.5 0.17 0.4 0.4

𝑥3 = 1.8 0.26 0.59 0.4

𝑥4 = 2 0.3 0.7 0.4

𝑥5 = 2.4 0.38 0.87 0.4

𝑥6 = 3 0.44 1.01 0.4


𝑦
2.The value of for each point 𝑥 is equal to 0.4 approximately.
𝑦′
𝑦 1
3. The observed value of in each case is approximately equal to the value of
𝑦′ log𝑒 10
log𝑒 𝑥
4. Therefore, log10 𝑥 = = 0.434294
log𝑒 10

Activity-5 (Date- 22-05-24)

OBJECTIVE : To find analytically the limit of a function 𝑓 (𝑥) at 𝑥 = 𝑐 and also to check the continuity of the
function at that point.

MATERIAL REQUIRED : Paper, pencil, calculator.

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION:
𝑥 2 −16
,𝑥 ≠ 4
1. Consider the function given by 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥−4
10 , 𝑥 = 4
2. Take some points on the left and some points on the right side of 𝑐 (= 4) which are very near to 𝑐.
3. Find the corresponding values of 𝑓 (𝑥) for each of the points considered in step 2 above.
4. Record the values of points on the left and right side of 𝑐 as 𝑥 and the corresponding values of 𝑓 (𝑥) in a form
of a table.
DEMONSTRATION :
1. The values of 𝑥 and 𝑓 (𝑥) are recorded as follows:

Table 1 : For points on the left of 𝑐 (= 4).

2. Table 2: For points on the right of 𝑐 (= 4)

OBSERVATION :
1. The value of 𝑓 (𝑥) is approaching to 8, as 𝑥 → 4 from the left.
2. The value of 𝑓 (𝑥) is approaching to 8 , as 𝑥 → 4 from the right.
3. So, lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = 8 and lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = 8.
𝑥→4 𝑥→4
4. Therefore, lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 8 ,𝑓 (4) = 10.
𝑥→4
5. Is lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(4) = No
𝑥→4
6. Since 𝑓(𝑐) ≠ 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓(𝑥) , so, the function is not continuous at 𝑥 = 4 .
𝑥→𝑐

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