Categories of Financial Functions in Excel

1. Accrued Interest & Coupon Payments

Function Description Example

Calculates accrued interest for a security with =ACCRINT("2023-01-01", "2023-06-30",

ACCRINT
periodic interest payments. "2025-01-01", 5%, 1000, 2)

Calculates accrued interest for a security that =ACCRINTM("2023-01-01", "2025-01-01",

ACCRINTM
pays interest at maturity. 5%, 1000)

Calculates days from the beginning of the =COUPDAYBS("2023-01-01", "2023-06-30",

COUPDAYBS
coupon period to the settlement date. 2)

Calculates the number of days in the coupon =COUPDAYS("2023-01-01", "2023-06-30",

COUPDAYS
period that contains the settlement date. 2)

Calculates days from the settlement date to =COUPDAYSNC("2023-01-01", "2023-06-

COUPDAYSNC
the next coupon date. 30", 2)

Returns the next coupon date after the =COUPNCD("2023-01-01", "2023-06-30",

COUPNCD
settlement date. 2)

Returns the previous coupon date before the

COUPPCD =COUPPCD("2023-01-01", "2023-06-30", 2)
settlement date.

Returns the number of coupons payable =COUPNUM("2023-01-01", "2025-01-01",

COUPNUM
between settlement and maturity. 2)

2. Loan and Investment Calculations

Function Description Example

Calculates payment for a loan based on constant interest and =PMT(5%/12, 60, -
PMT
payments. 100000)

Calculates the interest portion of a payment for a loan during a =IPMT(5%/12, 1, 60,
IPMT
specific period. 100000)

Calculates the principal portion of a payment for a loan during a =PPMT(5%/12, 1, 60,
PPMT
specific period. 100000)

Calculates the future value of an investment based on periodic =FV(5%/12, 60, -200, -
FV
payments and a constant interest rate. 1000)

Calculates the present value of an investment based on periodic

PV =PV(5%/12, 60, -200)
payments and a constant interest rate.
Function Description Example

Returns the number of periods required to pay off a loan or reach a =NPER(5%/12, -200, -
NPER
future value. 10000)

RATE Calculates the interest rate per period of an investment or loan. =RATE(60, -200, -10000)

3. Depreciation

Function Description Example

Calculates depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the =DB(10000, 1000, 5,
DB
declining balance method. 1)

Calculates depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the =DDB(10000, 1000,
DDB
double-declining balance method. 5, 1)

SLN Calculates depreciation for a period using the straight-line method. =SLN(10000, 1000, 5)

Calculates depreciation for a specified period using the sum-of-years' =SYD(10000, 1000, 5,
SYD
digits method. 1)

4. Return on Investment (ROI)

Function Description Example

Calculates the internal rate of return for a series of

IRR =IRR({-1000, 300, 400, 500})
cash flows.

Calculates the modified internal rate of return for a

MIRR =MIRR({-1000, 300, 400, 500}, 5%, 10%)
series of cash flows.

Calculates the net present value of an investment

NPV =NPV(5%, {1000, 2000, 3000})
based on cash flows and a discount rate.

Returns the internal rate of return for cash flows =XIRR({-1000, 300, 400}, {"2023-01-01",
XIRR
with specific dates. "2023-06-01", "2023-12-01"})

5. Effective Rates and Yields

Function Description Example

Returns the effective annual interest rate from the

EFFECT =EFFECT(5%, 12)
nominal rate and number of periods.

NOMINAL Returns the nominal annual interest rate from the =NOMINAL(5%, 12)
Function Description Example

effective rate and number of periods.

Calculates the yield on a security that pays periodic =YIELD("2023-01-01", "2025-01-01",

YIELD
interest. 5%, 5%, 1000, 2)

=DISC("2023-01-01", "2025-01-01",
DISC Calculates the discount rate of a security.
950, 1000)

6. Price and Yield Calculations

Function Description Example

Calculates the price per $100 face value of a security =PRICE("2023-01-01", "2025-01-01",
PRICE
with periodic interest payments. 5%, 6%, 1000, 2)

Returns the price per $100 face value of a =PRICEDISC("2023-01-01", "2025-01-

PRICEDISC
discounted security. 01", 950, 1000)

Returns the price of a security that pays interest at =PRICEMAT("2023-01-01", "2025-01-

PRICEMAT
maturity. 01", 5%, 6%, 1000)

Calculates the yield of a security that pays periodic =YIELD("2023-01-01", "2025-01-01",

YIELD
interest. 5%, 6%, 1000, 2)

=YIELDDISC("2023-01-01", "2025-01-
YIELDDISC Calculates the annual yield of a discounted security.
01", 950, 1000)

Returns the annual yield of a security that pays =YIELDMAT("2023-01-01", "2025-01-

YIELDMAT
interest at maturity. 01", 5%, 6%, 1000)

7. Bond and Treasury Calculations

Function Description Example

Calculates the bond-equivalent yield for a =TBILLEQ("2023-01-01", "2023-06-01",

TBILLEQ
Treasury bill. 0.95)

Returns the price per $100 face value for a =TBILLPRICE("2023-01-01", "2023-06-01",
TBILLPRICE
Treasury bill. 0.05)
Function Description Example

=TBILLYIELD("2023-01-01", "2023-06-01",
TBILLYIELD Calculates the yield for a Treasury bill.
95)

8. Cash Flow Analysis

Function Description Example

Calculates the cumulative interest paid on a

CUMIPMT =CUMIPMT(5%/12, 60, 100000, 1, 12, 0)
loan over a range of periods.

Calculates the cumulative principal paid on a

CUMPRINC =CUMPRINC(5%/12, 60, 100000, 1, 12, 0)
loan over a range of periods.

Calculates the net present value of an

NPV investment based on a series of periodic cash =NPV(5%, {1000, 2000, 3000})
flows.

Returns the net present value for a schedule of =XNPV(5%, {-1000, 300, 400}, {"2023-01-01",
XNPV
cash flows with specific dates. "2023-06-01", "2023-12-01"})

Calculates the internal rate of return for a

IRR =IRR({-1000, 300, 400, 500})
series of cash flows.

Returns the internal rate of return for cash =XIRR({-1000, 300, 400}, {"2023-01-01",
XIRR
flows with specific dates. "2023-06-01", "2023-12-01"})

9. Discount and Amortization

Function Description Example

=DISC("2023-01-01", "2025-01-01", 950,

DISC Calculates the discount rate of a security.
1000)

Returns the amount received at maturity for =RECEIVED("2023-01-01", "2025-01-01", 5%,

RECEIVED
a fully invested security. 1000)

Returns depreciation for each accounting =AMORDEGRC(2400, "2023-01-01", "2025-

AMORDEGRC
period with a depreciation coefficient. 01-01", 2000, 3, 1.2, TRUE)

Calculates depreciation for each accounting =AMORLINC(2400, "2023-01-01", "2025-01-

AMORLINC
period with a straight-line method. 01", 2000, 3, TRUE)

10. Miscellaneous Financial Functions

Function Description Example

Returns the effective annual interest rate from

EFFECT the nominal rate and the number of =EFFECT(5%, 12)
compounding periods.

Returns the nominal annual interest rate from

NOMINAL the effective rate and the number of =NOMINAL(5%, 12)
compounding periods.

Returns the Macauley duration for an assumed =DURATION("2023-01-01", "2025-01-01",

DURATION
par value of $100. 5%, 6%, 2)

Returns the modified duration for a security =MDURATION("2023-01-01", "2025-01-

MDURATION
with an assumed par value of $100. 01", 5%, 6%, 2)

Returns the price of a security with an odd first =ODDFPRICE("2023-01-01", "2023-06-

ODDFPRICE
period. 30", "2025-01-01", 5%, 6%, 1000, 2)

Returns the yield of a security with an odd first =ODDFYIELD("2023-01-01", "2023-06-

ODDFYIELD
period. 30", "2025-01-01", 5%, 6%, 1000, 2)

Returns the price of a security with an odd last =ODDLPRICE("2023-01-01", "2023-06-

ODDLPRICE
period. 30", "2025-01-01", 5%, 6%, 1000, 2)

Returns the yield of a security with an odd last =ODDLYIELD("2023-01-01", "2023-06-

ODDLYIELD
period. 30", "2025-01-01", 5%, 6%, 1000, 2)