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Ch-3 Database

The document outlines the Database Development Life Cycle, which includes planning, analysis, design, implementation, and operation. It explains the basic concepts of the E-R model, including entities, attributes, and relationships, and discusses the development of E-R diagrams and structural constraints. Additionally, it covers connection traps, the Enhanced E-R model, and attribute inheritance, along with multiple-choice questions to test understanding of these concepts.

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3 views3 pages

Ch-3 Database

The document outlines the Database Development Life Cycle, which includes planning, analysis, design, implementation, and operation. It explains the basic concepts of the E-R model, including entities, attributes, and relationships, and discusses the development of E-R diagrams and structural constraints. Additionally, it covers connection traps, the Enhanced E-R model, and attribute inheritance, along with multiple-choice questions to test understanding of these concepts.

Uploaded by

eliasferhan1992
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ch-3 database

1. Database Development Life Cycle

o Planning: Identify information gaps and propose database solutions.


o Analysis: Fact-finding, feasibility analysis, and requirement
determination.
o Design:
 Conceptual Design: Describes data, types, relationships, and
constraints without implementation details.
 Logical Design: Higher-level abstraction with a specific
database model; DBMS independent.
 Physical Design: Implementation details regarding storage and
file structure.
o Implementation: Testing and deploying the database.
o Operation and Support: Administering and maintaining the
database.

2. Basic Concepts of E-R Model

o Entities: Represented by rectangles; can be strong (independent) or


weak (dependent on another entity).
o Attributes: Characteristics of entities, represented by ovals.
o Relationships: Represented by diamonds; can be strong (between
strong entities) or weak (between weak and strong entities).

3. E-R Diagram Development

o Involves iterative refinement through methods like interviews, surveys,


and document examination.
o Validates the model against user requirements.

4. Structural Constraints

o Cardinality Ratios: Defines the number of instances in a relationship


(e.g., one-to-one, one-to-many).
o Participation Constraints: Total or partial participation in
relationships.

5. Connection Traps

o Fan Trap: Ambiguity in relationships due to multiple one-to-many


relationships.
o Chasm Trap: Suggests relationships that do not exist due to minimum
cardinality constraints.

6. Enhanced E-R (E-ER) Model

o Introduces concepts like generalization and specialization to manage


complexity.
o Generalization: Creating a higher-level entity from specialized
entities.
o Specialization: Creating sub-entities with additional attributes from a
general entity.
7. Attribute Inheritance

o Subclasses inherit attributes and relationships from their superclass.

Multiple Choice Questions


1. What is the first step in the Database Development Life Cycle?

o A) Analysis
o B) Design
o C) Planning
o D) Implementation
Answer: C

2. In the E-R model, what does a rectangle represent?

o A) Attribute
o B) Relationship
o C) Entity
o D) Constraint
Answer: C

3. What type of entity can exist independently of other entities?

o A) Weak Entity
o B) Strong Entity
o C) Composite Entity
o D) Derived Entity
Answer: B

4. Which of the following is NOT a type of relationship in E-R modeling?

o A) One-to-One
o B) One-to-Many
o C) Many-to-None
o D) Many-to-Many
Answer: C

5. What does a diamond shape represent in an E-R diagram?

o A) Entity
o B) Attribute
o C) Relationship
o D) Key
Answer: C

6. What is a fan trap in E-R modeling?

o A) A relationship that does not exist


o B) Ambiguity in relationships due to multiple one-to-many relationships
o C) A type of weak entity
o D) A constraint on attributes
Answer: B

7. What is the purpose of the logical design phase?

o A) To implement the database physically


o B) To define data types and relationships
o C) To identify information gaps
o D) To gather user requirements
Answer: B

8. Which of the following describes specialization in E-R modeling?

o A) Creating a general entity from specific entities


o B) Creating sub-entities with additional attributes from a general entity
o C) Merging two entities into one
o D) Defining relationships between entities
Answer: B

9. What is the main characteristic of a weak entity?

o A) It can exist independently.


o B) It has a primary key.
o C) It depends on a strong entity for its existence.
o D) It has no attributes.
Answer: C

10. What does attribute inheritance in E-R modeling imply?

o A) Subclasses do not share any attributes with their superclass.


o B) Subclasses inherit attributes and relationships from their superclass.
o C) Attributes are only stored in subclasses.
o D) Superclasses cannot have attributes.
Answer: B

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