MANZIL 2.

0 IIT/NIT

Indefinite
Integrals
One Shot
Arvind Suthar
 Indefinite Integration
𝑑𝑓 𝑥
Integration : Reverse of differentiation i.e. If = 𝑔 𝑥 , then ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑔 ׬‬
𝑑𝑥
නcos𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ?
න𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ?
඲
1
𝑑𝑥
?
1 − 𝑥2
Integration – Basic formula

1. ‫ ׬‬0 𝑑𝑥 = 2. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑒 ׬‬
1
3. න 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑥
4. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑛 𝑥 ׬‬
5. ‫ ׬‬sin𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 6. ‫ ׬‬cos𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
7. ‫ ׬‬sec 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 8. ‫𝑜𝑐 ׬‬sec 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
9. ‫ ׬‬sec𝑥tan𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 10. ‫ ׬‬cosec𝑥cot𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
1
11. ‫׬‬ 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 12. න 𝑑𝑥 =
1−𝑥 2
1 1
13. න 2 𝑑𝑥 = 14. න 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥 |𝑥| 𝑥 2 −1
15. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑘 ׬‬
Rules of Integration

1. If ‫ 𝑥 𝑔 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬‬+ 𝑐 , then ‫ 𝑡 𝑔 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑡 𝑓 ׬‬+ 𝑐

නcos𝑡𝑑𝑡 = ?
නcos𝑡𝑑𝑥 = ?
2. If ‫ 𝑥 𝑔 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬‬+ 𝑐, then ‫ 𝑥𝑎 𝑓 ׬‬+ 𝑏 𝑑𝑥 = ?
We know ‫ 𝑥 𝑒 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑒 ׬‬+ 𝑐, then find ‫ 𝑒 ׬‬3𝑥−2 𝑑𝑥 = ?
3. ධ 𝑘𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘 ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬‬, here k → some constant ?
4. න 𝑓 𝑥 ± 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ධ 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ± ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑔 ׬‬
න2cos𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ?
Note :

1. d(x2) =
2. d(tan–1z) =
3. d(f(x)) =
4. d(g(y)) =
5. d(cosx + x) =
Method of evaluation of Integrals

(i) Standard formula

1. ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬3 𝑑𝑥 = 2. ධ 2𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑥 =
1
3. න 4.
2Τ 1Τ 2Τ
𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = ධ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
1+2𝑥
−10
5. ‫ ׬‬2𝑥 − 3 𝑑𝑥 = 6. ධ 2𝑥 2 + 1 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
7. න = 8. න
𝑥3 2𝑥+3
Method of evaluation of Integrals

(i) Standard formula

1. ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬3 𝑑𝑥 = 2. ධ 2𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑥 =
1
3. න 4.
2Τ 1Τ 2Τ
𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = ධ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
1+2𝑥
−10
5. ‫ ׬‬2𝑥 − 3 𝑑𝑥 = 6. ධ 2𝑥 2 + 1 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
7. න = 8. න
𝑥3 2𝑥+3
9. න 2
𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 +3
= ?
10. ධ 𝑒 2𝑥−1
3
𝑑𝑥 =
?
11. ධ 23𝑥 + 5𝑥+1
2
𝑑𝑥 =
?
12. ‫ ׬‬sec 2 2𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑥 = ?
13. ‫ ׬‬cos𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ?
14. ‫ ׬‬sin 2𝑥 + 3 𝑑 3𝑥 + 2
?
15.
3
ධ 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 = ?
16. න
4𝑥+9
𝑑𝑥 =
?
𝑥+4 3𝑥+5
17. ‫ ׬‬cos2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ?
18. න
𝑥3
𝑑𝑥 =
?
𝑥+1
 log𝑥
?
19. න3 3 𝑑𝑥 =
20. ‫ ׬‬tan2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ?
21. ‫ ׬‬sin3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ?
22. න
𝑑𝑥
= ?
𝑥+2 𝑥+1
23. ‫ ׬‬cos𝑒𝑐𝑥cot𝑥𝑑 𝑥° = ?
24. ‫ ׬‬sin 2𝑥 cos 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ?
25.න
𝑥 2 +sin2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = ?
𝑥 2 +1 cos2 𝑥
26. ධ 2𝑥 + 1 3𝑥 + 4 𝑑𝑥 = ?
27. ‫ ׬‬cos𝜃cos2𝜃sin𝜃𝑑𝜃 = ?
Method-2 (Substitution Method)
?
1. ‫ ׬‬cos sin𝑥 ⋅ cos𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
2. ධ𝑒 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = ?
3. න
8𝑥
𝑑𝑥 ?
1+ 4𝑥 2
4. ‫ ׬‬cot 3 𝑥 ⋅ cos𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ?
5. න
𝑡
𝑑𝑡 ?
𝑡+ 𝑡
6. න
1
3 𝑑𝑡 ?
𝑡+ 𝑡
඲
𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
?
1+𝑥 6
඲
𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
?
1+𝑥 3
 2ൗ
න𝑥 1 + 2𝑥 𝑥
3
𝑑𝑥
?
඲
sin tan−1
𝑑𝑥
?
1+𝑥 2
Remember Formula ?
නtan𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
නcot𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ?
නsecx𝑑𝑥 = ?
නcos𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ?
඲
cos 𝑥 + 𝛼
𝑑𝑥 =
?
cos𝛼
඲
cos 𝑥 + 𝛼
𝑑𝑥 =
?
cos𝑥
 cos𝑥 ?
඲ 𝑑𝑥 =
cos 𝑥 − 𝛼
නcos𝛼𝑑𝑥 ?
඲
sin 𝑥 + 𝛼
𝑑𝑥 =
?
sin 𝑥 + 𝛽
඲𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos𝑏𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 2
𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝑎cos𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏sin𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
?
𝑎 +𝑏 2
඲𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2
𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝑎sin𝑏𝑥 − 𝑏sin𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
?
𝑎 +𝑏 2
Remember by heart : ?
1. ධ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑓′ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑐
Remember by heart :
1. ධ 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑓′ 𝑥 + 𝑓′ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑐
඲𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos𝑏𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 2
𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝑎cos𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏sin𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
?
𝑎 +𝑏 2
඲𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2
𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝑎sin𝑏𝑥 − 𝑏sin𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
?
𝑎 +𝑏 2
Remember by heart : ?
1. ධ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑓′ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑐
Remember by heart :
1. ධ 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑓′ 𝑥 + 𝑓′ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑐
Forming exact derivative
1. ‫𝑔 ⋅ 𝑓 ׬‬′ + 𝑔 ⋅ 𝑓′ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑓 ⋅ 𝑔 + 𝑐

2. ‫𝑓 ׬‬′ ⋅ 𝑥 + 𝑓 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑓 + 𝑐

3. ‫ 𝑓 ⋅ 𝑥 𝑒 ׬‬+ 𝑓′ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑓 + 𝑐

4. ධ 𝑒 ℎ 𝑥 𝑓′ + ℎ′ 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑓 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ℎ 𝑥 ⋅𝑓+𝑐
Home Work
?
න𝑒 𝑥 sin𝑥 + cos𝑥 𝑑𝑥
න𝑒 𝑥 sin𝑥 − cos𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ?
න𝑒 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 + sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ?
඲
𝑥 ⋅ 𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥
?
1+𝑥 2
඲
𝑥 − sin𝑥
𝑑𝑥
?
1 − cos𝑥
 2

඲𝑒 𝑥
1−𝑥
𝑑𝑥
?
1+𝑥
඲
1 1
− 2 𝑑𝑥
?
ln𝑥 ln 𝑥
඲
sin𝑥 𝑥 + 𝛼
𝑑𝑥
?
sin 𝑥 + 𝛼
඲
1
𝑑𝑥
?
1 + 2𝑒 𝑥
 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
඲ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
?
𝑒 +𝑒 −𝑥
නtan3 𝑥 ⋅ sec𝑥𝑑𝑥 ?
නcos5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ?
නsin4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ?
Integration by Parts

𝑢𝑣𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢 ඳ𝑣𝑑𝑥 − ඲ 𝑢1 ⋅ න𝑣 ⋅ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
න𝑥 ⋅ cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ?
න 𝑥 − 2 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ?
න 𝑥 2 + 3 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ?
Note : To choose the function as first function, “ILATE” rule

I → Inverse
L → Log
A → Algebraic
T → Trigonometry
E → Exponential
නln𝑥 ⋅ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ?
නln𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ?
නsin−1 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ?
න𝑒 𝑥 . cos𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
?
𝐼 = නcos𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ?
න𝑥 3 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ?
Substitution Using Trigonometry

(i) 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 Use x = a sinq or x = a cosq

(ii) 𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 or 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 Use x = a tanq or x = a cotq
(iii) 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 Use x = a secq or x = acosecq
𝑎+𝑥
(iv) or 𝑎−𝑥 Use x = a cos2q
𝑎−𝑥
𝑎+𝑥
or 𝑎 + 𝑥 ± 𝑎 − 𝑥
(v) 𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑏 Use x = asec2q – b tan2q
or 𝑎−𝑥 𝑏−𝑥

(vi) 𝑥−𝑎 𝑏−𝑥 Use x = asin2q + b cos2q

඲
𝑑𝑥 ?
𝑎2 − 𝑥 2
඲
𝑑𝑥 ?
𝑥2 − 4
9 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 ?
඲
𝑡3
𝑑𝑡
?
4−𝑡 2
඲
𝑡4
𝑑𝑡
?
𝑡2 − 4
Formula to Remember

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(i) න = (ii) න =
𝑥 2 −𝑎2 𝑎2 −𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(iii) න 2 2 = (iv) න =
𝑎 +𝑥 𝑥 2 +𝑎2
𝑑𝑥
(v) න = (viii) 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑎2 −𝑥 2

(vii) ධ 𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 =
(ix) 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 =
Note : With the previous formula, we can solve problems of the following types : -
1 1
, , Quadratic
Quadratic Quadratic

Tip : We should be able to write quadratic in one out of the following form:
(1) (Linear in x)2
(2) (Constant)2 + (linear in x)2
(3) (Constant)2 – (linear in x)2 OR (linear in x)2 – (Constant)2
඲ 2
1
𝑑𝑥
?
2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 1
න 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ?
න𝑥 ⋅ 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ?
නln 1 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ?
නln2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ?
න𝑥 ⋅ sin2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ?
඲4
𝑒 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 =
?
𝑒𝑥 + 1
න𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = ?
඲𝑥 ⋅
tan−1 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 =
?
1+𝑥 2
න𝑥 25
𝑥 3 + 2 𝑑𝑥 = ?
නsec 2 𝑥cos𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ?
඲
sin−1 𝑥 − 2𝑡
𝑑𝑡
?
1 − 𝑡2
 𝑥
න 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1
𝑑𝑥 ?
නln 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = ?
 1−𝑥
?
ඳ 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥
 1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
?
ඳ
1 + 𝑥 𝑥2
න𝑥 ⋅ sin𝑥 ⋅ sec 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ?
Remember by heart :-

𝑎𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
1. න 𝑒 cos𝑏𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎cos𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏sin𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑎2 +𝑏2
𝑒 𝑎𝑥
2. න 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎sin𝑏𝑥 − 𝑏cos𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑎2 +𝑏2
Partial fraction Method

(Apply when degree of numerator is less than degree of denominator)

𝑝𝑥 𝐴 𝐵
1. = +
𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑏 𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑏

𝑝𝑥 𝐴 𝐵 𝑐
2. = + +
𝑥−𝑎 2 𝑥−𝑏 𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑎 2 𝑥−𝑑

𝑝𝑥 𝐴𝑥+𝐵 𝐶
3. = +
𝑎𝑥 2 +𝑏𝑥+𝑐 𝑎𝑥 2 +𝑏𝑥+𝑐 𝑥−𝑑
඲
𝑥2 + 1
𝑑𝑥
?
2
𝑥+1 𝑥−3
න 𝑥 3 + 1 𝑑𝑥 ?
඲ 3
1
𝑑𝑥
?
𝑥 +1
Remember

1. ධ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑓′ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑐
2. ධ 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑓′ 𝑥 + 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑐
Algebraic Integration
Linear L Linear L1
1. Linear L1 , , Linear Linear L2
2 L1
Linear L
2

Procedure : white L1 = K1L2 + K2 then separate integral

඲
2𝑥 + 3
𝑑𝑥
?
4𝑥 − 1
඲
2𝑥 − 7
𝑑𝑥
?
9𝑥 − 2
 Linear linear
2. , , linear Quad
Quad Quad
Procedure : linear = K1(differentiation of Quadratic)
?
඲ 2
3𝑥 + 1 ?
𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 9
 Quadratic(Q1 ሻ Quadratic Q1
3. ,
Quadratic Q2 Quadratic Q2
Procedure : Q1 = K1.Q2 + K2.Q2 + K3
?
 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1
඲ 2 𝑑𝑥
?
𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 8
 1
4.
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐

1 1 ?
Procedure : Put linear= then the expression will be convened into
t 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑.
඲
𝑑𝑥 ?
3𝑥 + 1 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1
 1
5.
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝐿1 .𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝐿2 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑

1 𝐾1 𝐾2
Procedure : white = + i.e. do partial fraction
𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿1 𝐿2

1 𝐾1 𝐾2
Problem become :
𝐿1 ⋅𝐿2 𝑄
=
𝐿1 𝑄
+
𝐿2 𝑄 ?
඲
𝑑𝑥 ?
𝑥 𝑥−1 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1
 1
6.
ax2 +b px2 +q
Notice both quadratics not having coefficient of x
1
𝑥3
1. Write as ඳ 𝑏 𝑞
𝑑𝑥
𝑎+ 2 𝑃+ 2
𝑥 𝑥

q 2
2. Use substitution 𝑝 + as 𝑡
x2
඲
𝑑𝑥 ?
2𝑥 2 − 1 3𝑥 2 + 4
 1 𝑥 2 ±1 𝑥2
7. 4 , ,
𝑥 +𝑎𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 +𝑎𝑥 2 +1 𝑎4 +𝑎𝑥 2 +1

Procedure : Divide numerator and denominator by x2, by to create derivative ?

1 1
of 𝑥 + or 𝑥 − in numerator.
𝑥 𝑥
2
1
𝑥+ −2
Recall (Basic maths) 2
1
𝑥 + 2
𝑥
𝑥 2
1
𝑥+ +2
𝑥

1 1
𝑑 𝑥+ 1 𝑑 𝑥+
𝑥 𝑥 1
=1− 2 =1+ 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
඲ 4
𝑥2 + 1
𝑑𝑥
?
2
𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 1
඲ 4
𝑥2 + 1
𝑑𝑥
?
2
𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 1
න tan𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ?
 𝑑𝑥
8. න
𝑥+𝑎 𝑥+𝑏 𝑚

1
?
m  integer greater than, Put 𝑥 + 𝑏 =
𝑡
඲
𝑑𝑥 ?
𝑥−1 𝑥+1 3
 ?
9. It question contains 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ± 𝑎2 try substituting this term as t.
 𝑥2
?
ඳ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 + 𝑥2 + 4
Trigonometric
integration
1 1 1 1
1. , , , 𝑒𝑡𝑐.
𝑎sin𝑥+𝑏cos𝑥+𝑐 𝑎sin𝑥+𝑏cos𝑥 𝑎sin𝑥+𝑐 𝑏cos𝑥+𝑐

𝑥 𝑥
Procedure : Convert sinx and cosx in terms of tan and substitute tan =𝑡
2 2
඲
𝑑𝑥 ?
4 cos𝑥 + 3
 1
2.
𝑎sin2 𝑥+𝑏cos2 𝑥+𝑐sin𝑥.cos𝑥+𝑑

This method will work for a, b, c, d and no-being zero.

Procedure : Divide numerator and denominator by cos2x, then substitute tanx =
t
඲
𝑑𝑥 ?
4cos 2 𝑥 + 3
 𝑎sin𝑥+𝑏cos𝑥+𝑐
3. a, b, c, p, q, r → can be zero
𝑝sin𝑥+𝑞cos𝑥+𝑟

Procedure : Numerator = k1(denominator) + k2(Differentiation of denominator) +

k3.
඲
3cos𝑥 + 4
𝑑𝑥 =
?
2sin𝑥 + cos𝑥 + 1
4. sinpx, cosqx, sinpx.cosqx. Where p, q  positive integers
Procedure :
Case-I : If one power is odd, then substitute other term as ‘t’
නsin3 𝑥. cos 4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ?
නcos5 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ?
නsin5 𝑥. cos 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ?
Case-II : If only even powers are present, then use trigonometric identities ?
න sin4 x dx → seen in previous class ?
නsin2 𝑥. cos 4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ?
5. Fractional or negative powers of any trigonometric function involved
Procedure : Try to form f and f’ wrt sinx and cosx
Try to form f and f’ wrt tanx and cotx
඲
tan𝑥
𝑑𝑥
?
sin𝑥. cos𝑥
6. sec 𝑚 𝑥 , tan𝑛 𝑥, sec 𝑚 𝑥 . tan𝑛 𝑥 where m, n  positive integers ?
Procedure :
Case-I : tan𝑛 𝑥 = tan𝑛−2 𝑥 . tan2 𝑥
නtan4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ?
නtan3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ?
නtan5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ?
Case-II : secmx
(i). If m is even them sec 𝑚 𝑥 = sec 𝑚−2 𝑥 ⋅ sec 2 𝑥
(ii) If m is odd then 𝐼 = ‫ ׬‬sec 𝑚 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
නsec 4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ?
Case-III : sec 𝑚 𝑥 ⋅ tan𝑛 𝑥
(i). Take sec2x out and try converting rest into tanx and put tanx = t
OR
Take secx tanx out and try rest secx. And put secx = t
Try integration By-parts
නsec 4 𝑥 ⋅ tan4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ?
නsec 5 𝑥tan3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ?
7. sin2x = (sinx + cosx)2 – 1 = 1 – (sinx – cosx)2
Also
𝑑 sin𝑥+cos𝑥
(i) = cos𝑥 − sin𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 sin𝑥−cos𝑥
(ii) = cos𝑥 + sin𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Also
1
sin𝑥 = sin𝑥 + cos𝑥 + sin𝑥 − cos𝑥
2
1
cos𝑥 = sin𝑥 + cos𝑥 + sin𝑥 − cos𝑥
2
඲
𝑑𝑡 ?
cos𝑒𝑐𝑡 + cos𝑡
න cot𝑥 + tan𝑥 𝑑𝑥
?
 tan𝐴+tan𝐵
8. tan 𝐴 + 𝐵 =
1+tan𝐴tan𝐵 ?
 tan(A + B) – tanAtanB  tan (A + B) = tanA + tanB
 tanA tanB tan(A + B) = tan(A + B) – tanA – tanB
නtan𝑥 ⋅ tan2𝑥 ⋅ tan3𝑥𝑑𝑥 ?
 𝜋 𝜋
න tan 𝑥 +
4
⋅ tan 𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
3
?
1.
𝑥2 +1
𝑥 2 −1 +tan −1
𝑥
For real numbers 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 and 𝛿, if ‫׬‬ 𝑥2 +1
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 4 +3𝑥 2 +1 tan −1
𝑥

𝑥 2 +1 𝛾 x2 −1 x2 +1
= 𝛼 log 𝑒 tan −1 +𝛽tan −1 + 𝛿tan −1 + C where C is an
𝑥 x x
arbitrary constant, then the value of 10(𝛼 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛿ሻ is equal to

IIT
2.
(2𝑥−1ሻcos (2𝑥−1ሻ2 +5
The integral ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 is equal to (where 𝑐 is a constant of
4𝑥 2 −4𝑥+6
integration)

1
𝑎 sin (2𝑥 − 1ሻ2 + 5 + 𝑐
2

𝑏 1
cos (2𝑥 + 1ሻ2 + 5 + 𝑐
2

𝑐 1
cos (2𝑥 − 1ሻ2 + 5 + 𝑐
2

1
𝑑 sin (2𝑥 + 1ሻ2 + 5 + 𝑐
2

IIT
3.
5𝑥 8 +7𝑥 6 1
If 𝑓(𝑥ሻ = ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥, (𝑥 ≥ 0ሻ, 𝑓(0ሻ = 0v and 𝑓(1ሻ = , then the value of K is
𝑥 2 +1+2𝑥 7 2 K

IIT
4.
cos𝑥−sin𝑥 sin𝑥+cos𝑥
If ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎sin−1 + 𝑐, where 𝑐 is a constant of integration, then
8−sin2𝑥 𝑏
the ordered pair (𝑎, 𝑏ሻ is equal to :

𝑎 (1, −3ሻ

𝑏 (1,3ሻ

𝑐 (−1,3ሻ

𝑑 (3,1ሻ

IIT
5.
sin𝜃⋅sin2𝜃 sin6 𝜃+sin4 𝜃+sin2 𝜃 2sin4 𝜃+3sin2 𝜃+6
The value of the integral ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝜃 is (where 𝑐
1−cos2𝜃
is a constant of integration)

𝑎 1
3
9 − 2sin6 𝜃 − 3sin4 𝜃 − 6sin2 𝜃 2 +𝑐
18
𝑏 1
3
11 − 18sin2 𝜃 + 9sin4 𝜃 − 2sin6 𝜃 2 +𝑐
18
𝑐 1
3
11 − 18cos2 𝜃 + 9cos4 𝜃 − 2cos6 𝜃 2 +𝑐
18

𝑑 1
3
9 − 2cos6 𝜃 − 3cos 4 𝜃 − 6cos2 𝜃 2 +𝑐
18

IIT
6.
𝑒 3ln 2𝑥 +5𝑒 2log𝑒 2𝑥
The integral ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥, 𝑥 > 0, is equal to: (where 𝐜 is a constant
𝑒 4log𝑒 𝑥 +5𝑒 3log𝑒 𝑥 −7𝑒 2log𝑒 𝑥
of integration)

𝑎 log 𝑒 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 7 + 𝑐

𝑏 1
log 𝑒 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 7 + 𝑐
4

𝑐 4log e x 2 + 5x − 7 + c

𝑑 log 𝑒 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 7 + 𝑐

IIT
7.
Let [𝑡] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝑡. Then the value of
2
‫׬‬1 |2𝑥 − [3𝑥]|𝑑𝑥 is

IIT
8.
𝑥
If ‫ ׬‬sin −1
𝑑𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥ሻtan−1 ( 𝑥ሻ + 𝐵(𝑥ሻ + 𝐶, where 𝐶 is a constant of
1+𝑥

integration, then the ordered pair (𝐴(𝑥ሻ, 𝐵(𝑥ሻሻ can be:

𝑎 (𝑥 + 1, − 𝑥ሻ

𝑏 (𝑥 + 1, 𝑥ሻ

𝑐 (𝑥 − 1, − 𝑥ሻ

𝑑 (𝑥 − 1, 𝑥ሻ

IIT
9.
𝑥 2
The integral ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 is equal to (where 𝐶 is a constant of integration) :
𝑥sin𝑥+cos𝑥

𝑎 tan𝑥 −
𝑥sec𝑥
+𝐶
𝑥sin𝑥+cos𝑥

𝑏 sec𝑥 +
𝑥tan𝑥
+𝐶
𝑥sin𝑥+cos𝑥

𝑐 sec𝑥 −
𝑥tan𝑥
+𝐶
𝑥sin𝑥+cos𝑥

𝑑 tan𝑥 + 𝑥sec𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥sin𝑥+cos𝑥

IIT
10.
𝑥
Let 𝑓(𝑥ሻ = ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥(𝑥 ≥ 0ሻ. Then 𝑓(3ሻ − 𝑓(1ሻ is equal to :
(1+𝑥ሻ2

𝑎 𝜋 1 3
− + +
12 2 4

𝑏 𝜋 1
+ −
3
6 2 4

𝑐 −
𝜋
+
1
+
3
6 2 4

𝑑 𝜋
+ −
1 3
12 2 4

IIT
11.
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
If ‫ 𝑒 ׬‬+ 2𝑒 − 𝑒 − 1 𝑒
2𝑥 𝑥 −𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑔(𝑥ሻ𝑒 + 𝑐, where 𝑐 is a constant of
integeration, then 𝑔(0ሻ is equal to:

𝑎 𝑒

𝑏 𝑒2

𝑐 1

𝑑 2

IIT
12.
cos𝜃
If ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝜃 = 𝐴log 𝑒 |𝐵(𝜃ሻ| + 𝐶, where 𝐶 is a constant of integration, then
5+7sin𝜃−2cos2 𝜃
𝐵(𝜃ሻ
can be :
𝐴

𝑎 2sin𝜃+1
sin𝜃+3

𝑏 2sin𝜃+1
5(sin𝜃+3ሻ

𝑐 5(sin𝜃+3ሻ
2sin𝜃+1

𝑑 5(2sin𝜃+1ሻ
sin𝜃+3

IIT
13.
1 100 1 101
If I1 = ‫׬‬0 1− 𝑥 50 𝑑𝑥 and I2 = ‫׬‬0 1 −𝑥 50 𝑑𝑥 such that I2 = 𝛼I1 then 𝛼
equals to :

𝑎 5049
5050

𝑏 5050
5049

𝑐 5050
5051

𝑑 5051
5050

IIT
14.
2 𝑥
The integral ‫׬‬1 𝑒 ⋅ 𝑥 𝑥 2 + log 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 equals:

𝑎 𝑒(4𝑒 + 1ሻ

𝑏 4𝑒 2 − 1

𝑐 𝑒(4𝑒 − 1ሻ

𝑑 𝑒(2𝑒 − 1ሻ

IIT
15.
cos𝑥𝑑𝑥 1/𝜆
If ‫ ׬‬3 = 𝑓(𝑥ሻ 1 6
+ sin 𝑥 + 𝑐 where 𝑐 is a constant of integration,
sin 𝑥 1+sin6 𝑥 2/3
𝜋
then 𝜆𝑓 is equal to:
3

𝑎 9
−
8

𝑏 2

𝑐 9
8

𝑑 –2

IIT
16.
𝜋 𝜋
If 𝑓 ′ (𝑥ሻ = tan−1 (sec𝑥 + tan𝑥ሻ, − < 𝑥 < , and 𝑓(0ሻ = 0, then 𝑓(1ሻ is equal to:
2 2

𝑎 𝜋+1
4

𝑏 1
4

𝑐 𝜋−1
4

𝑑 𝜋+2
4

IIT
17.
𝑑𝑥
The integral ‫׬‬ is equal to: (where C is a constant of integration)
(𝑥+4ሻ8/7 (𝑥−3ሻ6/7

𝑎 𝑥−3 1/7
+𝐶
𝑥+4
𝑏 𝑥−3 −1/7
− +𝐶
𝑥+4

𝑐 1 𝑥−3 3/7
+𝐶
2 𝑥+4

𝑑 1 𝑥−3 −13/7
− +𝐶
13 𝑥+4

IIT
18.
𝑑𝜃
If ‫׬‬ = 𝜆tan𝜃 + 2log e |𝑓(𝜃ሻ| + C where C is a constant of
cos2 𝜃(tan2𝜃+sec2𝜃ሻ
integration, then the ordered pair (𝜆, 𝑓(𝜃ሻሻ is equal to:

𝑎 (1,1 − tan𝜃ሻ

𝑏 (−1,1 − tan𝜃ሻ

𝑐 (−1,1 + tan𝜃ሻ

𝑑 (1,1 + tan𝜃ሻ

IIT
19.
sin−
‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 is equal to : (where 𝑐 is a constant of integration.)
sin−

𝑎 2𝑥 + sin𝑥 + 2sin2𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑏 𝑥 + 2sin𝑥 + 2sin2𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑐 𝑥 + 2sin𝑥 + sin2𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑑 2𝑥 + sin𝑥 + sin2𝑥 + 𝑐

IIT
20
1
𝑑𝑥
If ‫׬‬ = 𝑥𝑓(𝑥ሻ 1 + 𝑥 6 3
+ 𝐶, where C is a constant of integration, then the
𝑥 3 1+𝑥 6 2/3
function 𝑓(𝑥ሻ is equal to :

𝑎 3
𝑥2

𝑏 −
1
6𝑥 3

𝑐 1
− 2
2𝑥

𝑑 − 1
2𝑥 3

IIT
21.
The integral ‫ ׬‬sec 2/3 𝑥cosec 4/3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 is equal to:

𝑎 −3tan−1/3 𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑏 3
− tan−4/3 𝑥 + 𝐶
4

𝑐 −3cot −1/3 𝑥 + 𝐶

𝑑 3tan−1/3 𝑥 + 𝐶

IIT
22.
If ‫ 𝑒 ׬‬sec𝑥 sec𝑥tan𝑥𝑓(𝑥ሻ + sec𝑥tan𝑥 + sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 sec𝑥 𝑓(𝑥ሻ + C, then a possible
choice of 𝑓(𝑥ሻ is:

𝑎 1
sec𝑥 + tan𝑥 +
2

𝑏 sec𝑥 − tan𝑥 −
1
2

𝑐 sec𝑥 + 𝑥tan𝑥 −
1
2

𝑑 𝑥sec𝑥 + tan𝑥 + 1
2

IIT
23.
𝑑𝑥 𝑥−1 𝑓(𝑥ሻ
If ‫׬‬ = A tan−1 + + C where C is a constant of
𝑥 2 −2𝑥+10 2 3 𝑥 2 −2𝑥+10
integration, then:

𝑎 1
A= and f(xሻ = 3(x − 1ሻ
54

𝑏 A=
1
and f(xሻ = 3(x − 1ሻ
81

𝑐 A=
1
and f(xሻ = 9(x − 1ሻ
27

𝑑 A = 1 and f(xሻ = 9(x − 1ሻ2

54

IIT
24.
5 −𝑥 2 −𝑥 2
If ‫𝑥(𝑔 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑒 𝑥 ׬‬ሻ𝑒 + 𝑐, where 𝑐 is a constant of integration, then 𝑔(−1ሻ is
equal to :

𝑎 –1

𝑏 1

𝑐 −
5
2

𝑑 −5
2

IIT
25
2𝑥 3 −1
The integral ‫׬‬ is equal to:
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 4 +𝑥
(Here C is a constant of integration)

𝑎 1 𝑥 3 +1
log 𝑒 2 +𝐶
2 𝑥

𝑏 1 𝑥 3 +1
2
log 𝑒 +𝐶
2 𝑥3
𝑐 log 𝑒
𝑥 3 +1
+𝐶
𝑥

𝑑 log 𝑥 3 +1
+𝐶
𝑒 𝑥2

IIT
26
tan𝑥+tan𝛼
Let 𝛼 ∈ (0, 𝜋/2ሻ be fixed. If the integral ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 = A(𝑥ሻcos2𝛼 +
tan𝑥−tan𝛼
B(𝑥ሻsin2𝛼 + C, where C is a constant of integration, then the functions A(𝑥ሻ and
B(𝑥ሻ are respectively :
𝑎 𝑥 + 𝛼 and log 𝑒 sin 𝑥 + 𝛼

𝑏 𝑥 − 𝛼 and log 𝑒 sin 𝑥 − 𝛼

𝑐 𝑥 − 𝛼 and log 𝑒 cos 𝑥 − 𝛼

𝑑 𝑥 + 𝛼 and log 𝑒 sin 𝑥 − 𝛼

IIT
27
For 𝑥 2 ≠ n𝜋 + 1, n ∈ N (the set of natural numbers), the integral
2 sin 𝑥 2 −1 −sin 2 𝑥 2 −1
‫𝑥׬‬ 𝑑𝑥 is equal to:
2 sin 𝑥 2 −1 +sin 2 𝑥 2 −1

𝑎 1
log e sec 2 𝑥2 − 1 + c
2
1
𝑏 log 𝑒 sec 𝑥 2 − 1 + 𝑐
2

1 2
𝑐 2 𝑥 −1
log 𝑒 sec +𝑐
2 2

𝑥 2 −1
𝑑 log 𝑒 sec +𝑐
3

IIT
28
5𝑥 8 +7𝑥 6
If 𝑓(𝑥ሻ = ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥, (𝑥 ≥ 0ሻ and 𝑓(0ሻ = 0, then the value of 𝑓(1ሻ is:
𝑥 2 +1+2𝑥 7 2

1
𝑎 −
2
1
𝑏 −
4

1
𝑐 2

1
𝑑 4

IIT
29
1
𝜋 𝑛
sin 𝜃+sin𝜃 𝑛 cos𝜃
Let 𝑛 ≥ 2 be a natural number and 0 < 𝜃 < Then ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝜃 is equal
2 sin𝑛+1 𝜃
to:
n+1
𝑎 n
1−
1 n
+C
n2 −1 sinn−1 𝜃

𝑏 𝑛 1
𝑛+1
𝑛
1− +𝐶
𝑛2 +1 sin𝑛−1 𝜃
n+1
𝑐 n 1 n
1+ +C
n2 −1 sinn−1 𝜃

𝑑 𝑛 1
𝑛+1
𝑛
1− +𝐶
𝑛2 −1 sin𝑛+1 𝜃

IIT
30
3 1 −4𝑥 3
If 5
‫ 𝑥׬‬e −4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = e 𝑓(𝑥ሻ + C, where C is a constant of integration, then 𝑓(𝑥ሻ
48
is equal to:

𝑎 −2𝑥 3 − 1

𝑏 −4𝑥 3 − 1

𝑐 −2𝑥 3 + 1

𝑑 4𝑥 3 + 1

IIT
31
1−𝑥 2 𝑚
If ‫׬‬ = 𝐴(xሻ 1 − 𝑥 2 + 𝐶 , for a suitable chosen integer m and a
𝑑𝑥
𝑥4
function A(xሻ, where C is a constant of integration, then (A(xሻሻm equals :

𝑎 −1
27𝑥 9

𝑏 −1
3𝑥 3

𝑐 1
27𝑥 6

𝑑 1
9𝑥 4

IIT
32
𝑥+1
If ‫׬‬ d𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥ሻ 2𝑥 − 1 + C, where C is a constant of integration, then 𝑓(𝑥ሻ
2𝑥−1
is equal to:

𝑎 1
(𝑥 + 1ሻ
3

𝑏 2
(𝑥 + 2ሻ
3

𝑐 2
(𝑥 − 4ሻ
3

𝑑 1
(𝑥 + 4ሻ
3

IIT
33
𝑒 𝑥 2𝑥 𝑒 𝑥
The integral ‫׬‬1 − log 𝑒 𝑥𝑑𝑥 is equal to :
𝑒 𝑥

𝑎 1 1
−𝑒−
2 𝑒2

𝑏 − + −
1 1 1
2 𝑒 2𝑒 2

𝑐 3
− −
1 1
2 𝑒 2𝑒 2

𝑑 3
−𝑒−
1
2 2𝑒 2

IIT
34
3𝑥 13 +2𝑥 11
The integral ‫׬‬ 4 2 4 𝑑𝑥 is equal to:
2𝑥 +3𝑥 +1
(where C is a constant of integration)

𝑎 𝑥4
+𝐶
6 2𝑥 4 +3𝑥 2 +1 3
𝑥 12
𝑏 +C
6 2𝑥 4 +3𝑥 2 +1 3

𝑥4
𝑐 +𝐶
2𝑥 4 +3𝑥 2 +1 3

𝑥 12
𝑑 +𝐶
2𝑥 4 +3𝑥 2 +1 3

IIT
35
The integral ‫ ׬‬cos log 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 is equal to : (where C is a constant of integration)

𝑥
𝑎 sin log 𝑒 𝑥 − cos log 𝑒 𝑥 +C
2

𝑏 𝑥 cos log 𝑒 𝑥 + sin log 𝑒 𝑥 +C

𝑥
𝑐 cos log 𝑒 𝑥 + sin log 𝑒 𝑥 +C
2

𝑑 𝑥 cos log 𝑒 𝑥 − sin log 𝑒 𝑥 + C

IIT