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NETWORKS & NETWORKING
GROUP ASSIGNMENT
AICT003-4-2-NWN

INTAKE CODE : UCDF1604ICT

NAME : WONG JUN HAO TP041079
NG HEN SHEN TP041846
WONG YI HENG TP041340
CHAI WEN XUAN TP042348

LECTURER : DR KAMALAKANNAN MACHAP

HAND IN DATE : 20 FEBRUARY 2018
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Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction..........................................................................................................................3

2.0 Floor Plan.............................................................................................................................4

2.1 Floor Plan Diagram..........................................................................................................4

2.2 Justification......................................................................................................................7

3.0 Network Diagram.................................................................................................................9

3.1 Network Mapping Diagram.............................................................................................9

3.2 Network Topology...........................................................................................................9

3.2.1 Tree Network............................................................................................................9

3.2.1 Advantage of Tree Network....................................................................................10

3.2.2 Disadvantage of Tree Network...............................................................................10

3.3 IP Addressing.................................................................................................................11

3.3.1 Justification.............................................................................................................11

3.3.2 Subnetting Plan.......................................................................................................12

4.0 Operational Requirements..................................................................................................13

4.1 Networking Devices.......................................................................................................13

4.1.1 Router......................................................................................................................13

4.1.2 Switch......................................................................................................................14

4.1.3 Server......................................................................................................................14

4.2 Software (Servers)..........................................................................................................16

4.3 Routing...........................................................................................................................18

4.3.1 Static Routing..........................................................................................................18

4.3.2 Dynamic Routing....................................................................................................19

5.0 Transmission medium........................................................................................................23

5.1 Physical data transmission media...................................................................................23

5.1.1 Twisted Pair Cable..................................................................................................24

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5.1.2 Unshielded Twisted Pair.........................................................................................24

5.1.3 Shielded Twisted Pair.............................................................................................25

5.2 Wireless..........................................................................................................................28

6.0 Reliability Issues................................................................................................................30

7.0 Security Issues....................................................................................................................31

8.0 Sustainability Issues...........................................................................................................32

9.0 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................33

9.1 Reflective Essay.................................................................................................................34

References................................................................................................................................36

Appendix..................................................................................................................................38

Work Breakdown Structure..................................................................................................38

Gantt Chart...........................................................................................................................39

Marking Scheme..................................................................................................................39

Progress Report....................................................................................................................40

Report 1 - Week 3............................................................................................................40

Report 2 – Week 6............................................................................................................40

Report 3 – Week 10..........................................................................................................41

Report 4 – Week 12..........................................................................................................41

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1.0 Introduction
The objective of the community centre is to provide IT related education at lower
budget targeted to underprivileged people in Bukit Jalil, for them to be able to use the IT
skills gained to improve their knowledge and quality of life. There is three strategic to
achieve the goal. First is the performance, to ensure every user can enjoy the best internet
service. Second, the security, to restrict user from using internet improperly such as hacking
server. Lastly the reliability, decrease the server down time faced by users.

There are two limitations which are the high resource usage and the cost of the
maintenance. Due to the large number of computer and router, the consumption for the
electricity is very high. The cost of the maintenance is also very high because there is many
switches, computers, routers and cables. The electricity of a computer is 60-250 watts. The
cost of the electricity of a computer for 24hrs is 200 watts*24hrs= 4800 watts = 4.8kwh, then
4.8*RM0.218= Rm 1.05 for one computer per day. If 30 computers then it is RM1.05*30=
RM31.5, one-month usage for computer electricity is RM945. Switches, routers and cables
can cost few hundred to thousand ringgit depends on which model is being bought. Bear in
mind it is not only one but need to maintenance all of them.

3 assumptions were made in this project, the number of staff breaking down according
to respective departments: Helpdesk Department, Human Resource, Technical Assistant
Department, Procurement Department and Security Department. The proposed number of
customers for public is 180 and member is 60. Proposed information system for staff is
laptop, tablet, mobile phone while customer is netbook, mobile phone and laptop. Customer
are encouraging to bring their own device to connect the community centre network.

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2.0 Floor Plan

2.1 Floor Plan Diagram

Figure 1: Ground Floor

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Figure 2: First Floor

Figure 3: Second Floor

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Figure 4: Ground Floor with Network Mapping

Figure 5: First Floor with Network Mapping

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Figure 6: Second Floor with Network Mapping

2.2 Justification
According to floor plan diagrams above, there were two types of diagrams had been
used to do a detail explanation which were facility diagram and network diagram? Facility
diagram was a diagram that including the place’s design while network diagram was a
diagram that only stated which places will be accessing network with some devices example
PC, router, and switch. Three floors will be using the same network design which is install
single switch in every room to allow the data transmits faster and reliable from switch to
switch and it is better because once a switch was not responding, the other switches were still
working, it was follow Tree Network Topology. Therefore, switches installed at high position
near to the ceiling was to avoid disrupting the network and all the switches may connect the
devices including Wireless Access Point and peripheral devices to provide services for
customers staffs.

Based on the network diagram in ground floor, two PCs and one switch had been
installed in help desk are because it can enhance the efficiency of their response and setup a
wireless access point to let customer to use while waiting for the customer services. In
gaming lab, because of the concern that the gaming lab may require a high amount of

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network data when gaming, a switch is added at the same time as the computer is installed,
and they can be cabled to the switch if needed. In cafeteria, a PC and a switch has been
installed because they were using point-of-sale system to do their transaction with customers.
Therefore, library two PCs and one switch to run their borrowing books system.

Based on the network diagram in first floor, the equipment was similar with the
ground floor, especially computer lab, needed a switch to stand by because they are also
concerned that the computer lab may require excessive data usage. But in the gym room,
there will be a switch and two PCs, first floor was belonged to the member so the gym room
must have a member card to go in because the computer also records the active rate of the
member. In member meeting room, each meeting room would have a PC and switch to let the
member to use when during their meeting.

Based on the network diagram in second floor, there were also staff meeting room
which same as member meeting room in first floor that needed a PC and switch in each room.
On both sides of the staff office, also have a switch because in order not to affect their
productivity and they can connect other devices if necessary. In network room, there were
three switches which is the main switch of three floors and two routers. On the other hand,
there were another small room which had servers and a main router name as ISP room. The
main reason of this network room was to check whether the connection had a proper connect
between switches and routers and all these components were the most confidential devices in
the company due to some secure issues so only allow specific IT technician to access. In
security room, there were three PCs and one switch to allow them to check all the connection
were secure and install some CCTV or any security devices if necessary.

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3.0 Network Diagram

3.1 Network Mapping Diagram

Figure 7: Network Mapping

3.2 Network Topology

3.2.1 Tree Network

Tree network topology is utilized to build a complete network mapping in this
building. Tree network is a network topology which all the network nodes are connected
itself to a central point individually, then those central points are connected to a main router.
All the hosts will communicate to each other with the help of the main router (Amar, 2016).

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Figure 8: Tree Network

In this community centre, each of the computer in a room is connected to a switch

separately. Then, all the switches in each floor will connect to a main switch located in the
second floor. The main switches of ground floor and first floor will connect to a router.
However, second floor which is used by the staffs in the community centre is connected to a
different router separately because of the security concern. After that, the two routers
connecting all the devices in community centre are connected to the ISP main router located
in third floor.

3.2.1 Advantage of Tree Network

The advantage of tree network is when a host failed but will not affect the entire
network to be fail also. Other than that, it is easy to diagnose which central point failed
without disabling other network. In addition, new devices can be added easily without
disabling the entire network. For example, when the switch in the cafeteria located in ground
floor has down, the other switches located in ground floor also will not fail together. The
network technicians can also diagnose which switch failed by just do checking on certain
computers in a room because only the computers with failed switch in the room will not
connect to network.

3.2.2 Disadvantage of Tree Network

The disadvantage of tree network is not cost effective as extra cable is needed by each
hosts to connect to a central point. Moreover, if a central point fail, all the devices connected
to it will fail together because the central point act as a medium connecting each different
device. For example, the network technicians need to buy many Ethernet cables for each

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different computer to connect them to a switch. If there are 20 computers in the room, 20
Ethernet cables are needed to connect them to a switch. When the switch in the gaming lab in
ground floor has down, all the computers in gaming lab will down together.

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3.3 IP Addressing

3.3.1 Justification
According to the cisco packet transfer, the ground floor use 192.168.10.1 as IP
addressing, first floor use 192.168.11.1 as IP addressing and second floor use 192.168.12.1 as
IP addressing. Each individual router has been assigned a new IP addressing using Class C,
which is start as 192.168.13.1. For each pc, the IP address will have assigned according to
their floor IP address, for example PC0 has assigned 192.168.10.2 and PC1 has assigned
192.168.10.3 as IP addressing.

Router 4 has assigned the IP address 192.168.13.1, Router 0 has assigned the IP
address 192.168.14.1, Router 2 in Building 1 has assigned the IP address 192.168.15.1,
Router 3 in Building 2 has assigned the IP address 192.168.16.1, and server has assigned the
IP address 192.168.17.1.

IP list for each floor

Subnet Number ofBlock Subnet mask Network Address Range of usable IPBroadcast address
Host Size address
Helpdesk 2 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.10.0/27 192.168.10.2- 192.168.10.4
192.168.10.3
Gaming Lab 4 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.10.0/27 192.168.10.5- 190.168.10.9
192.168.10.8
Library 2 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.10.0/27 192.168.10.10- 192.168.10.12
192.168.10.11
Computer 4 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.11.0/27 192.168.11.2- 192.168.11.6
Lab 192.168.11.5
Gym 1 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.11.0/27 192.168.11.7 192.168.11.8
Meeting 4 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.11.0/27 192.168.11.9- 192.168.11.13
Room 192.168.11.12
Security 1 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.12.0/27 192.168.12.2 192.168.12.3
room
Staff room 1 4 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.12.0/27 192.168.12.4- 192.168.12.8
192.168.12.7

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Staff room 2 4 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.12.0/27 192.168.12.9- 192.168.12.13
192.168.12.12
Staff meeting2 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.12.0/27 192.168.12.14- 192.168.12.16
room 192.168.12.15
Router 0 1 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.14.0/27 192.168.14.2 192.168.14.3
Router 1 1 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.14.0/27 192.168.14.1 192.168.14.2
192.168.17.0/27 192.168.17.1 192.168.17.2
Router 2 1 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.17.0/27 192.168.17.3 192.168.17.4
Router 3 1 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.16.0/27 192.168.16.2 192.168.16.3
Router 4 1 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.13.0/27 192.168.13.2 192.168.13.3
Server 1 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.15.0/27 192.168.15.1 192.168.15.2
Cafeteria 1 30 255.255.255.224 192.168.10.0/27 192.168.10.13 192.168.10.14

3.3.2 Subnetting Plan

For subnetting plan, according to floor plan, each floor has the amount nearly to 30
PCs. The subnet mask 255.255.255.224 is selected because it can fit 30 host in the subnet.
The total amount of host can used is 240.

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4.0 Operational Requirements

4.1 Networking Devices
In this building, there are many kind of network devices used to make sure the
community centre can be connected to Internet securely.

4.1.1 Router

Figure 9: Router

A router links computer to the Internet, so users can share the connection. A router
acts as a dispatcher, choosing the best path for information to travel so it's received quickly. It
allows for flexible cross-network communication and large networks to remain operational
during redesign or outage (Walton, 2009). Modems are the main hardware used to access the
Internet. But most users prefer routers instead of modems. It has the added benefit of using a
single modem to access all your computers. When you use a modem, you must use a modem
for each system, the more systems you have, the more modems you should prepare for
getting networks. However, when you choose a router, you do not need to purchase every
modem for all systems on your local network.

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4.1.2 Switch

Figure 10: Switch POE 24 ports

A switch is a device that sends input data from any one of input ports to a specific
output port that routes the data to its intended destination. In traditional circuit-switched
telephone networks, one or more switches are used to establish dedicated temporary
connections or circuits for the exchange between two or more parties. According to the
picture, switch POE24 ports is used because 24 ports are just ready to be covered. Although
there are still 48 ports but too many ports, these additional ports come in handy when you
need to add peripherals. This is convenient because you can connect all the devices including
Wireless Access Point and peripheral devices, one of the key benefits of switches is their
added failover redundancy to the network to help reduce network downtime.

4.1.3 Server

Figure 11: PowerEdge T130 Tower Server

A server is a computer designed to process requests and deliver data to another

computer over the internet or a local network. Most computer networks support one or more
servers that handle specialized tasks. The "server" is the software that handles a certain task

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(Mitchell, 2018). Besides, the powerful hardware that supports this software is also called a
server because server software coordinating a network of hundreds or thousands of clients
requires hardware much more powerful than what user will use for. They are many different
type of servers but some are dedicated servers where the server operates one function only,
some might use one server for multiple purposes. Normally a company using a large network
will most likely to set up different types of servers. For this community centre, PowerEdge
T130 Tower Server is selected as main server. This server very powerful, compact and agile.
It is a powerful 1-socket, mini-tower first server for small office/home office and SMB to
consolidate data and drive applications faster (Dell, 2018).

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4.2 Software (Servers)

Windows Server 2012 is used as server software here. Windows Server is a group of
operating systems designed by Microsoft that supports enterprise-level management, data
storage, applications, and communications. Previous versions of Windows Server have
focused on stability, security, networking, and various improvements to the file
system (Microsoft, 2018).

Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows Server 2012 emphasizes cloud support with
features such as improved IP-addressing, updated Hyper-V, and a new file system (ReFS).
Windows Server 2012 R2 includes enhancements to virtualization, management, storage,
networking, virtual desktop infrastructure, access protection, information protection, web
services, and application platform infrastructure.

Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows Server 2008 includes many additional
security and administrative features shared with Windows Vista: a re-written networking
stack, improved Firewall, additional .NET Framework technology, and numerous
improvements to the kernel, file, and memory systems.

Figure 12: Difference between Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows Server 2012

Justification

We have make up our mind to choose for Windows Server 2012 because it comes
with many features. Windows Server 2012 comes with an integrated and significantly

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updated version of Hyper-V over the Server 2008 version, an IP address management
function that supports both IPv4 and IPv6, a new file system called ReFS, and a big update to
PowerShell, making it almost an operating system within an operating system. It also uses the
same Metro interface as Windows 8.

While the OS itself sports many revisions from Server 2008, the advances in Hyper-V
stand out. Hyper-V Replica alone is a gem because it helps with disaster recovery by logging
changes to the disks in a virtual machine (VM) and uses compression to save on bandwidth.
So, you can take multiple snapshots of a VM and decide which to use for recovery in the
event of a disaster (Patrizio, 2015)

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4.3 Routing
Routing is the process of selecting paths in a network along which to send network
traffic and route is the path to send the network traffic. It is usually performed by dedicated
devices called router. In packet-switched networks, routing is a higher-level decision to send
network packets from a source address to a destination through an intermediate network node
through a packet forwarding mechanism (Techopedia, 2018). Packet Forwarding is Logic
Addressing Network packets are transmitted from one network interface to another.
Intermediate nodes are usually network hardware devices such as routers, bridges, gateways,
firewalls, or switches. Generic computers also forward packets and perform routing, though
they do not have the hardware optimized for the task. Most routing algorithms use only one
network path at a time. Multi-path routing technology allows the use of multiple alternative
paths. There are two types of routing which are Static and Dynamic. For this building, secure
network is needed so static routing is used. All the network is set manually by network
administrator of the community centre.

4.3.1 Static Routing

Static routing is not a routing protocol, it is to manually configure and select the
network routing, usually managed by the network administrator. It applies to network
parameter; the environment is expected to remain unchanged. Static routing is only optimal in
a few situations. Network degradation, latency, and congestion are inevitable consequences
of static routes because no adjustments are made when the primary route is unavailable.

Figure 13: Advantages and disadvantages of static routing

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From the image above, it is about static advantages and disadvantages, static routing
allows the user to know how large the addressing range is because it uses manual changes the
IP. Although users must remember each address, this also ensures some security and prevents
more people from knowing it.

4.3.2 Dynamic Routing

Dynamic routing is a networking technology that provides the best data routing.
Unlike static routing, dynamic routing enables routers to choose paths based on real-time
logical network layout changes. In dynamic routing, the routing protocol running on the
router is responsible for creating, maintaining, and updating dynamic routing tables. In static
routing, these jobs are done manually by the system administrator. Dynamic routing uses a
variety of algorithms and protocols. The most popular are Routing Information Protocol
(RIP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF).

Figure 14: Advantages and disadvantages of dynamic routing

As can be seen from the figure, this is about the advantages and disadvantages of
dynamic routing, although the dynamic address automatically adjusts very convenient, but its
security is not high because of this so the chance of being attacked will be higher.

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4.4 Cloud Services

Cloud Computing is a model for enabling universal, convenient, on-demand network
access to a shared pool of configurable computing resource for example servers, networks,
applications, storage and services that can be provisioned by the Service Provider. The main
cloud characteristics include resource pooling, on-demand self-service, broad network access,
measured service and rapid elasticity

User can put their information on the platform instead of on their own desktop Pcs
and their own servers. Users can also use the servers within the cloud to do processing and
data manipulations. They can insert their application on the cloud. There is 3 types of cloud
services,

a) SaaS - Software as a Service

b) IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service
c) PaaS - Platform as a Service

SaaS refers to a new and alternative way of accessing software, as opposed to more
traditional methods of access.

IaaS is one of the ‘layers’ in the Cloud Computing model (Interoute Communications
Limited, 2018).

PaaS, is a category of cloud computing that provides a platform and environment to

allow developers to build applications and services over the internet. PaaS services are hosted
in the cloud and accessed by users simply via their web browser.

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Selection

IaaS Provider Windows Azure Google Compute Engine

Description Despite the name, WindowsGoogle Compute Engine is well
Azure is not a Windows-onlysuited for big data, data
IaaS. The compute and storagewarehousing, high performance
services offered are typical ofcomputing and other analytics-
what you'll find in other IaaSfocused applications. It is well
providers, and administratorsintegrated with other Google
used to Microsoft platformsservices, such as Google Cloud
will find working withStorage, Google BigQeury and
Windows Azure much easier.Google Cloud SQL. Although
The IaaS offers ready access toGoogle Compute Engine is still
virtual networks, service buses,relatively new in the IaaS market,
message queues, and non-the fact that it runs on Google's
relational storage platforms asglobal infrastructure, including
well. the company's private global
fibre network and high efficiency
data centres sets it apart.

Comparison

IaaS Provider Windows Azure Google Compute Engine

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Features Easy-to-use administrationWith the Google infrastructure
tool, especially for Windowsbacking it up, this IaaS is
admins. Windows Azure candesigned to scale.
also be used as a PaaS.
Limitations Minimal, easy-to-use portalLacks ease of administration
interface may not be sofeatures. Running Hadoop on
appealing to command lineGoogle Compute Engine, for
gurus. example, requires more from
users; because it's not integrated
you have to download the Hadoop
package, a patch for Hadoop and a
set of JDK packages along with
several other steps (outlined here)
to deploy a Hadoop cluster.
Pricing $0.02 to $1.60 per hour.Instances range from $0.019/hour
Storage prices range fromto $1.659/hour. Provisioned
$0.07/GB/month tostorage is $0.04/GB/month;
$0.12/GB/month, dependingsnapshot storage is
on level of redundancy. $0.125/GB/month.
Bonus Free 30-day trial with a limitGoogle charges by the minute
of up to $200 is available forafter a minimum of 10 minutes in
new users. an hour.

Justification

We will select Microsoft Azure as our IaaS provider since it is easy-to-use administration
tool, especially for Windows admins, it is also less limitation compare to the Google
Compute Engine (Sullivan, 2014). Google Compute Engine lacks ease of administration
features which is not suitable for our staff to use. The pricing is also more flexible because
Microsoft Azure has more package to choose to compare with Google Compute Engine.

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5.0 Transmission medium

There are two type of transmission medium such as guided transmission media
(wired) and unguided media (wireless) are normally used in computer communications from
one place to another. Many factors to be considered while selecting a transmission medium
for this community centre like rate of data transmission, cost and ease of installation,
resistance to environmental conditions and distances between devices. To determine the best
and reasonable price for wired the entire networking of the community centre, section below
shows the selection, comparison and justification of three several types of data transmission
medium (ninjacraze, 2016).

5.1 Physical data transmission media

Twisted pair cable is the best solution in this case than other cables. This is because
Coaxial cable has less susceptible to EMI (electromagnetic interference) than other types of
copper media but it has higher risk when one of the cable has damaged can bring down the
whole entire network. Fibre optic has higher data transmission rate than coaxial and twisted
pair cable and it is not susceptible to EMI. But, Fibre Optic is difficult to terminate, and it can
be a burden for Welfare Department because it is very costly just only for the cabling which
not even included the routers and switches. The best option is choosing twisted pair cable.
This is because it is affordable and easy for installation.

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5.1.1 Twisted Pair Cable

Figure 15: Twisted pair cable (Laven, 2016)

It usually used in telephone communications, installed in residential industries and most of

the Ethernet networks. It made of pairs of solid or stranded copper twisted along each other.
It reduces vulnerably to EMI and cross talk. The copper core is usually 22-AWG or 24-AWG
as measured on American wire gauge standard. However, there are two types of twisted pairs
cabling which is unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and Shielded twisted pair (STP) (ninjacraze,
2016).

5.1.2 Unshielded Twisted Pair

UTP is more commonly used because it is one of the least expensive wires and works
for modern Ethernet solutions. UTP cable usually has an impedance of 100 ohm. UTP is
cheaper than STP because widely available due to its many use. It categorized into few types
of copper cable.

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Figure 16: UTP categories (Copper Cable) (Administrator, 2013)

5.1.3 Shielded Twisted Pair

It like UTP but has a mesh shielding that protects it from EMI which allows higher
transmission rate by reducing noise from outside sources. STP used for large-scale
enterprises for high-end application. Hence, the best cable selection would be UTP because it
solves Welfare Department issues and requirements. There are five types of STP cables.

Type 1: STP features two pairs of 22-AWG

Type 2: Type 1 with 4 telephone pairs

Type 6: Two pairs of standard shielded 26-AWG

Type 7: Consist of 1 pair of standard shielded 26-AWG

Type 9: Shielded 26-AWG wire.

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Selection

Coaxial Cable, Twisted cable (UTP), Twisted cable (STP), Fibre Optic cable

Features/Type of cable Coaxial cable Twisted cableFibre Optic cable

-UTP/STP
Speed and throughput10 to 100 10 to 1000/ 100 to 100 000
(Mbps) 10 to 100
Average cost per node Inexpensive Least expensive/ Most expensive
Moderately expensive
Media and connector size Medium Small/ Small
Medium to large
Maximum cable length (m) 500 (medium) 100 (short)/ 2000 (long)
100 (short)
Cost Costly than UTP Least expensive/MoreExpensive
expensive than UTP
Advantages Less susceptible toEasy to install, widelyHigh security, high
EMI interference used, reduced crosstalk data rate
Disadvantages Damage to cableCan cover only limitedDifficult to terminate
can bring downdistance
entire network
Common used of cables RG59, RG6 CAT5e, CAT6 Single mode,
multimode plastic
optical fibre (POF)

Comparison

Factors/ Coaxial Cable Twisted Paris Fibre Optics

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transmission type
Rate of data transmission High Medium Very high
Cost and ease of installation Inexpensive/ easy toLeast expensive andExpensive and hard
install easy to install to install
Resistance to environmentalHigh Medium High
conditions
Distances between devices. Short Medium Long

Justification

In my opinion, CAT6 copper cable is suitable install in the ground floor especially in
Staff Office compare to CAT5 categories. This is because CAT6 is a standard of cabling
installation with supporting the speeds of 1GB and better reduction of electromagnetic
interference. CAT5e was specified in improving the crosstalk specification and support
speeds of 1 Gbps.

CAT5 STP Cables

It separates to two which is CAT5 and CAT5E cables. The different of these two is
CAT5E’s performance is faster than CAT5 in terms of speed. CAT5 and CAT5E can be
installed in the gaming rooms, library, Staff office, Computer labs and meeting rooms.

CAT6 STP Cables

It used as the backbone to networks because it can handle 10 Gigabits of data and
maximum bandwidth to 164 feet. CAT6 cables can be installed in the Server room and
Security room for database and backup purposes. It protects data from EMI with high speed
and better data transmission rate with 250 MHz.

In conclusion, CAT6 allows two ways communications on each pair of wires, better
crosstalk reduction and lesser delay for signal receive.

5.2 Wireless
It is a form of unguided media where has no physical link connection between devices
but communicating using signal spread over in the air. Figure below shows the types of signal
frequency.

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Figure 17: Type of signal frequency (Limited, 2018)

In this case, Welfare Department are strongly recommended to use Wireless

Networking (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth Technology or Satellite as wireless communication
technology. Radio communication is a common medium to choose as wireless network.
Based on the geographic range of Welfare Department, Local Area Network(LAN) is the
most suitable for them because it is to connect the entire networking within the building
wirelessly. The most standards for wireless networking as we called Wi-Fi is IEEE 802.11.
We will choose the latest Wi-Fi signalling in which is 802.11ac which utilizes dual-band
wireless technology. It supports simultaneous connections on 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Wi-Fi
bands. Next, 802.11b/g/n and bandwidth rated up to 1300 Mbps on 5 GHz to 450 Mbps on
2.4 GHz. The pros of 802.11ac is because they improved their bandwidth and more flexibility
in terms of connection support while the cons of it is the cost has increased and still prone to
interference on 2.4 GHz frequency. Connection is the most important to an organization
regardless wired or wireless. They are suggested to use Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, wireless router,
wireless adapter and wireless repeater to communicate within buildings using these types of
wireless communication.

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Type of wireless dataReasons Limitations
communication
Wi-Fi All devices can communicateLimited range, Security
with others problems
Bluetooth Transfer data with higher speed,Limited distance
good security
Wireless router A network set up with security:-
Firewall
Wireless adapter Enable hardware devices able to-
access internet
Wireless repeater Receive signals and amplifies-
signal strength

Recommendation for IEEE 802.11

Type of wireless data transmission Suggestion

Wi-Fi 802.11ac
Bluetooth Bluetooth-Equipped Printer
Bluetooth-Enabled Webcam
Wireless router 2.4GHz / 5.0 GHz Dual band
Synology RT2600AC
Wireless adapter Archer T2UHP
Wireless repeater NETGEAR NIGHTHAWK EX7000

These can be installed in all the floor in the building but with different network class. To have
efficiency of an organization in terms of productivity, a high-speed connectivity is a must.
Therefore, IEEE 802.11ac is chosen to increase performance of Welfare Department.

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6.0 Reliability Issues

There are few elements that is related to reliability. For instance, Wi-Fi runs very slow
due to the interference between the access points which is often called network congestion.
To fix this, we will need to set up different Wi-Fi channel for different access point.

Besides, most of the time, the internet breaks down is unplanned and often caused by
weather like lightning and big winds. However, we can still manage to work with Distributed
File System (DFS) Replication that is available in Windows Server 2012. DFS Replication is
a role service in File and Storage Services. It enables you to efficiently replicate folders
(including those referred to by a DFS namespace path) across multiple servers and sites.

Sometimes router overload disconnect can be very crucial. This is because many
computers connect to only one router. In order to avoid this, we have to make sure each
router only has specific number of pcs, if it is full, then we need to purchase a new router for
another set of computers.

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7.0 Security Issues

Network security is playing a very important role in this company because
information such as customer information, transaction details, company information, and
other details must be well protected, it can be easily abused especially though internet. This is
a very serious problem because it may cause huge personal losses. To avoid these problems
happens, Firewall was implemented to back up the data and keep the data save. Firewall is a
type of network security appliance that monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic and
decides whether to allow or block specific traffic based on a defined set of security rules
(TechTarget, 2000). Allow remote access to your network only through a secure manner
such as a properly configured Virtual Private Network (VPN) because hackers are now using
some illegal ads and links to explore a user's profile, it is not legitimate for a firewall to
examine all websites or networks while a user is running each program. If it is illegal, the
firewall will display a message stating that the URL is illegal and prevent the user from
continuing to access it.

Therefore, data theft refers to stealing digital information stored on an unknown

victim's computer, server or electronic device with the intent to compromise privacy or to
obtain confidential information. This information can include any financial information, such
as credit card numbers or bank accounts, as well as personal information. As soon as only
large enterprises and organizations have problems, data theft is a growing problem for
everyday computer users (Cybercrime, 2007). To prevent this kind of problem, password
protection is fully recommended because it can be used for all devices, including laptops and
smartphones, as well as access networks and accounts especially all the employees and
customers are required to have a unique username and a strong password that changes at least
quarterly so when they login, the system will automatically run id validation to confirm
whether this person is legal or illegal.

Finally, there is a security issue with server software data leaks. Now hackers also use
some means to steal data from server software because they know that some server software
has a high chance of data leakage, especially in the case of server software outdated so it can
bring security to an unreliable environment or confidential information. To reduce this
problem, the company must train some technicians to periodically check the update date of

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each server software and update it perfectly. Because once the update succeeds, the secure
key may have to be changed so only a few Technical staff know it to avoid the data leak.

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8.0 Sustainability Issues

There are few sustainability issues faced by the department which are electricity
consumption, environment-friendly and power backup supply. First, electricity consumption
is a big issue because most of the building is full of electronic devices and it consume a lot of
electric and lead to a burden for an organization. Therefore, we proposed a solution where
make a rules and regulation which users must shut down or put sleeping mode to their
devices when they are not in use. Those who does not follow will have a heavy punishment
depends on the management. Second, management are suggested to buy a computer monitor
with power saver and eco-friendly such as ASUS MB169 and ASUS VN248 which only
consume energy 115 Volts (kWh/year). Third, many organization has their own power
backup supply (UPS). It is necessary to do so to ensure your networking and productivity do
not stop. Tripp Lite battery is suitable for server rooms to avoid power failure and lead to data
loss. Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system is strongly recommended for long-term
protection to prevent interruption of service. UPS system is good in supplying power to the
loads continuously no matter what to utility power. Welfare Department can contact Power
Solutions Sdn. Bhd. where they are specialized in UPS for further information. With these
proposed solution, Welfare Department can ensure their community centre go smoothly even
though interruption that can be solved instantly.

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9.0 Conclusion
In conclusion, starting a network in a company is not easy because user must know
each IP address as it appears in this report, user must step by step first to start the network
diagram and explicitly specify network devices because the quantity is too large, it will cost
the company a lot. After completing the diagram, the user can use CISCO Packet Tracer
software setup IP addressing because the user will know which topology to use to support
this network, as the network topology shown in this report will use the tree topology because
it can avoid if a switch broken and caused the entire network disconnection problem. In
addition, the user must also know which routing to use in this network, because static routing
is done by manually key in IP address for each network devices so it would be better for the
user but if the user decides to facilitate dynamic routing it will automatically change the IP
addressing but It's not safe. Thus, to complete a network, one have to examine each structure
and reduce the chances of the problem occurring.

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9.1 Reflective Essay

Wong Jun Hao

I learned how to create a complete network, though a bit difficult, but most of them
can find answers on the internet. I also learned how to set IP addresses and their ranges for
each network device. But what needs to be strengthened is to learn how to do the analysis
because there is too much information to understand. After this, I can simply present a
complete network diagram using the CISCO Packet Tracer software but what is needed to be
strengthened in this regard is that each diagram must be collated because it will not mess up
the IP addressing.

Wong Yi Heng

I have learned a lot from the server software and the reliability. I get to know what the
type of the server software is and the different between windows server 2012, 2008 and 2003.
They will be one more coming soon to replace the current one is the windows server 2016.
Then I get to know how the reliability can really affect the performance of the computer.
Besides, I also learned about knowledge on hardware in server. It is very precious knowledge
for me to get to know all this.

Ng Hen Shen

In this assignment, I learned to come up with a complete floor plan and network
diagram, but one thing that needs to be strengthened is that it should be premised on the
construction of the building because it affects the network diagram and places routers and
switches. In addition, I learned two different ways of routing static and dynamic. In addition
to understanding the differences between them, I learned about their strengths and
weaknesses, and then I know where to go when I want to start the network.

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Chai Wen Xuan

In this assignment, I can explore the knowledge on what are the type of wired and
wireless data transmission medium in detailed. And, I can figure out the sustainability issues
using brain storming by figuring out the possible issues will be happened and provided with
solutions such as energy consumption and power backup. In group section, I explored on how
to plan a good sub networking and IP addressing which allow each floor of users to connect
individually without any issues. Network planning is the most important on how we make the
networking works smoothly in our buildings.

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References
Administrator, 2013. firewall.cx. [Online]
Available at: http://www.firewall.cx/networking-topics/cabling-utp-fibre/112-network-
cabling-utp.html
[Accessed 18 February 2018].

Amar, S., 2016. What Is Tree Topology? Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tree Topology.
[Online]
Available at: https://fossbytes.com/tree-topology-advantage-disadvantage/
[Accessed 14 February 2018].

Cybercrime, 2007. Data Theft. [Online]

Available at: http://cybercrime.org.za/data-theft/
[Accessed 19 Feb 2018].

Dell, 2018. PowerEdge T130 Tower Server. [Online]

Available at: http://www.dell.com/en-us/work/shop/dell-poweredge-servers/poweredge-t130-
tower-server/spd/poweredge-t130
[Accessed 8 February 2018].

Interoute Communications Limited, 2018. WHAT IS IAAS?. [Online]

Available at: https://www.interoute.com/what-iaas
[Accessed 11 February 2018].

Laven, K., 2016. itel. [Online]

Available at: https://itel.com/understanding-network-cables/
[Accessed 18 February 2018].

Limited, T. P. I. P., 2018. tutorial point simply easy learning. [Online]

Available at: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/data_communication_computer_network/
wireless_transmission.htm
[Accessed 18 February 2018].

Microsoft, 2018. Windows Server. [Online]

Available at: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn636873(v=vs.85).aspx

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[Accessed 9 February 2018].

Mitchell, B., 2018. Servers Are The Heart and Lungs of the Internet. [Online]
Available at: https://www.lifewire.com/servers-in-computer-networking-817380
[Accessed 7 February 2018].

ninjacraze, 2016. TurboFuture. [Online]

Available at: https://turbofuture.com/misc/Data-Communication#
[Accessed 16 February 2018].

Patrizio, A., 2015. WS2012 vs. WS2008 vs. Azure: Microsoft options compared. [Online]
Available at: https://www.itworld.com/article/2925349/data-center/ws2012-vs-ws2008-vs-
azure-microsoft-options-compared.html
[Accessed 10 February 2018].

Sullivan, D., 2014. IaaS Providers List: Comparison And Guide. [Online]
Available at: http://www.tomsitpro.com/articles/iaas-providers,1-1560.html
[Accessed 10 February 2018].

Techopedia, 2018. Routing. [Online]

Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/13207/routing
[Accessed 19 Feb 2018].

TechTarget, 2000. Firewall. [Online]

Available at: http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/firewall
[Accessed 18 Feb 2018].

Walton, A., 2009. Importance of Router. [Online]

Available at: https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/importance-routers-24056.html
[Accessed 16 Feb 2018].

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Appendix
Work Breakdown Structure
GROUP SECTION

Member’s Name Member’s Name

Introduction Wong Yi Heng Ng Hen Shen
- Objective TP041340 TP041846
- Scope / Limitations
- Assumptions

Floor Plan Ng Hen Shen Wong Jun Hao

- Diagram TP041846 TP041079
- Justification

IP Addressing Chai Wen Xuan Wong Yi Heng

- Justification TP042348 TP041340
- Subnetting Plan

Network Diagram Wong Jun Hao Chai Wen Xuan

- Topology TP041079 TP042348
- Packet Tracer Configuration

INDIVIDUAL SECTION

Wong Jun Hao Wong Yi Heng Ng Hen Shen Chai Wen Xuan
TP041079 TP041340 TP041846 TP042348

 Networking Devices  Software / Servers  Routing  Transmission

(Hardware) Medium

 Cloud Services  Reliability Issues  Security Issues  Sustainability

Issues

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 Name 4:
Name 3:
Name 2:
Name 1:

Ng Hen Shen
Wong Yi Heng
Wong Jun Hao

Chai Wen Xuan

Gantt Chart

Assumptions (5)

Marking Scheme
Documentation (10)

Diagrams and/or Figures

(10)

Network Design (10)

Configuration (10)

Referencing (10)

GROUP COMPONENT
Figure 18: Gantt Chart

Presentation (10)

Progress Report (5)

Group Total (70)

Report content (10)

Analytical and Critical

Thinking (20)
INDIVIDUAL

Individual Total (30)

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Progress Report

Report 1 - Week 3
Achievement of the week:

 We begin to distribute the following set of tasks equally as below:

 We also complete introduction and floorplan diagram.

Plan for the following week:

 Complete network diagram

 Complete IP addressing

Report 2 – Week 6
Achievement of the week:

 We have completed the network diagram and IP addressing and checked that IP
addressing is fully connected.

Plan for following week:

 Compile all the group work

 Spilt the task of individual part
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Report 3 – Week 10
Achievement of the week:

 We have completed the group part, then each member has also selected an as below in
the individual part:

Plan of the following week:

 Complete all the individual part and compile all the files.

Report 4 – Week 12
Achievement of the week:

 Each of our members has completed an individual part and compiled into an entire
complete assignment.

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