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MicroServices - Questions

The document provides an overview of microservices architecture, highlighting its modular nature and benefits such as scalability and resilience. It discusses key concepts like the SOLID principles, Spring Cloud features, service discovery, API gateways, circuit breaking, load balancing, and centralized logging. Additionally, it covers inter-service communication, event-driven architecture, authentication mechanisms, and considerations for testing microservices.

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Suresh
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3 views5 pages

MicroServices - Questions

The document provides an overview of microservices architecture, highlighting its modular nature and benefits such as scalability and resilience. It discusses key concepts like the SOLID principles, Spring Cloud features, service discovery, API gateways, circuit breaking, load balancing, and centralized logging. Additionally, it covers inter-service communication, event-driven architecture, authentication mechanisms, and considerations for testing microservices.

Uploaded by

Suresh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1)What is a microservices architecture ?

 It is an architecture to develop complex applications.


 These built as a collection of small, independent services.
 These services communicate with each other through APIs.
 It will enable modular and decoupled systems.
2)What are the benefits of using a microservices architecture?
A. Scalability (Scale Up/Down and Scale In/out)
B. Resilience(Reduce Cascading Failures)(
C. Flexibility, faster development cycles.
D. Easier maintenance due to it’s modular and independent nature.
3) Explain SOLID Principle?
 Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) : A class should have only one reason to
change, meaning it should have a single responsibility or job.
 Open-Closed Principle(OCP) : Software entities should be open for
extension but closed for modification.
 Liskov Substitution Principle(LSP) : Objects of a superclass should be able to
be replaced with objects of its subclasses without breaking the behavior of
the program.
 Interface Segregation Principle(ISP) : Creation of smaller , more cohesive
interfaces instead of large ones that cover multiple scenarios.
 Dependency Inversion Principle(DIP) : This principle encourages the use of
interfaces and dependency injection to decouple modules and make them
more reusable and testable.
4)What is spring cloud and what are it’s key features?
 Spring cloud is a framework built on top of spring boot.
 Used for development and deployment of microservices.
 Key features: service discovery and registration , load balancing , circuit
breaking, distributed configuration, API gateway, and distributed tracing.
5)What is service discovery and how is it achieved in spring cloud?
 The process of dynamically locating and communicating with services
 In spring cloud, service discovery is achieved using Netflix Eureka or Consul.
 Allows services to register themselves and discover other services, enabling
communication between microservices.
6)Explain the role of API gateways in microservices?
 Act as a single entry point for client requests to microservices.
 Handles dynamic routing, load balancing.
 The Gateway (old one is Zuul) library is used to implement AElPI gateways.
 Support integration with service discovery and authentication.
7)What is circuit breaking and how is it implemented using spring cloud?
 It is pattern that prevents cascading failures in microservices.
 Circuit breaking is implemented using the Netflix Hystrix library/Resilence4J.
 Monitors the health of dependent services and , if failures occur, opens the
circuit to stop sending requests.
 It is ensuring the overall system stability
8)What is load balancing and how is it handled in microservices?
 Distribution of client requests across multiple instances of a services
 Spring cloud integrates with load balancers like Netflix Ribbon /Cloud Load
balancer.
 These are client-side load balancing
 Handle load distribution without manual configuration
9)What are tools used to aggregate microservices log files?
ELK(Elasticsearch , Logstash, Kibana) : Logstash is responsible for collecting
and parsing log data. Elasticsearch indexes and stores the logs and kibana is
a interface for log visualization and analysis.
Splunk : Splunk is a powerful commercial tool that enables log aggregation ,
searching , monitoring and analysis. It offers features like real-time alerts,
dashboards, and machine learning capabilities for log data.
Fluentd : Fluentd is an open-source data collector that can aggregate and
route log data from various sources to different destinations
10)What is distributed tracing and how is it implemented in spring cloud?
 It is a technique used to track and monitor requests as they flow through
multiple microservices.
 It is implemented through integration with tracing systems : Zipkin
 Sleuth used for tracing information across microservices , transferred to
Zipkin server using Zipkin client.
11) What is the purpose of spring cloud Config, and how does it work?
 It is centralized management of configuration properties for microservices.
 It uses configurations in a version-controlled repository and provides a
configuration server.
 Microservices can retrieve their configuration information from the server
at runtime, enabling dynamic and centralized configuration.
12)What are different types of spring cloud Config?
 Local File System : Configuration properties can be stored in a local file
system. The configuration files are typically in yml or properties format.
 Git : Microservices can retrieve the configuration from the specified Git
repository, allowing for version control and easy management.
 HashiCorp Vault: Configuration properties can be stored securely in Vault
and the spring cloud Config server can retrieve them using appropriate
authentication and authorization mechanisms.
13)What are the different approaches for inter-service communication in
microservices?
 The different approaches for inter-service communication in microservice
include synchronous communication through HTTP/REST APIs.
 Asynchronous messaging using message brokers like RabbitMQ or Apache
Kafka.
 Event-driven communication using event buses or pub/sub mechanisms.

14)What is service orchestration and service choreography in microservices?


 Service orchestration is a centralized approach where a central component
controls and coordinates the execution flow of microservices.
 In contrast, service choreography is a decentralized approach where
microservices collaborate with each other directly, without a central
controller.
 Service orchestration provides a more controlled and coordinated workflow
, while service choreography offers greater flexibility to individual servies.
15)What is the role of containers and container orchestration platforms?
 It is lightweight and portable environment for packaging and deploying
microservices.
 Consistency across different environments.
 Orchestration platforms , such as Kubernates and Docker Swarm, automate
the management of containers at scale.
 They handle tasks like deployment ,scaling ,service discovery ,load
balancing and fault tolerance in a distributed environment.
16)Explain the concept of event-driven architecture and how spring cloud
supports it.
 Used for services communicate and react to events asynchronously.
 Spring cloud provides support for event-driven architecture through it’s
integration with messaging systems like RabbitMQ or Apache Kafka.
 Spring Cloud Stream and spring cloud Bus enable the implementation of
event-driven petterns.
 Allowing services to publish and subscribe to events , facilitating loose
coupling and scalability in the system
17)What are the challenges and considerations for testing microservices?
 Managing test data
 Orchestrating test environments ,ensuring proper isolation, handling
dependencies
 Designing effective end-to- end tests.
 Selecting appropriate testing frameworks
 Comprehensive test coverage across the distributed system.
18)How can you handle authentication in microservices?
 Spring cloud provides various mechanisms to handle security and
authentication in microservices.
 Integration with spring security , OAuth2 and JSON Web Tokens )JWT).
 These tools enable implementing authentication and authorization
mechanisms , securing endpoints and managing user roles and permissions
across microservies.
19)What is the role of centralized logging in microservices and how can it be
achieved ?
 It helps collect and analyze logs form different services.
 Aiding in monitoring , troubleshooting and identifying issues across the
distributed system.
 Spring cloud integrates with logging frameworks like ELK(Elasticsearch,
Logstash, Kibana) or Splunk , allowing aggregation and analysis of logs from
microservices in a centralized manner/
20)How does spring cloud handle service versioning and compatibility?
Spring cloud does not provide a built-in mechanism for service
versioning .
It can be achieved through good API design practices such as using
semantic versioning , backward compatibility and managing API
contracts.
Tools like spring cloud contract can help verify compatibility between
service versions by providing consumer-driven contract tests.
Additionally , using API gateways and service registries can assist in
managing and routing requests to different versions of service based on
their compatibility.

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