MATHEMATICAL PATTERN- object/group of objects that • Asserted patterns can be result of instabilities in

possesses regularity/repetition (visual, arithmetic, etc.) chemicals in the animals’ skin during embryonic stage.

SEQUENCE- pattern made of numbers, characterized by (Some important discoveries & inventions originated from simple
doubling (1,2,4, 8, 16, 32...) curiosity)

PATTERNS- regular, repeated or recurring visual forms or design. FIBONNACI SEQUENCE- special numerical pattern can be used
to describe phenomena, in mathematics, science, arts & nature.
• Patterns manifest some kind of structure & organization.

LEONARDO BIGOLLO PISANO- “FIBONNACI”, most talented

SYMMETRY- indicates an imaginary line across an object & the mathematician in Middle Ages.
resulting parts are mirror images of each other.
• 1170-1250 Pisa, Italy. (Leonardo Fibonnaci & Leonardo of
- “Balanced proportions” or “correspondence in size, Pisa)
shape, & relative position of parts on opposite sides of
dividing line.”
GOLDEN RATIO- ‘1:1.618’ “GOLDEN SECTION”, divine
TYPES OF SYMMETRY:
proportion of phi (named after Phidias, Greek sculptor &
• REFLECTION/LINE SYMMETRY: one half of the image is mathematician used ratio when designing sculptures)
the mirror image of the other half.
• ROTATIONAL SYMMETRY: when object was rotated the • Discovered 2,500 years ago in Ancient Greece.
appearance of the object in original position doesn’t
change.
• Angle of rotation = 360*/n GEOMETRIC PATTERN- Combined different shapes whether
repeated/altered to create cohesive design.

ALAN TURING- First explained how patterns of animals like

jaguars, leopards, & zebras determined. GEOMETRY- Fundamental science of forms & their order.
 EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT GEOMETRIC PATTERNS: TRANSFORMATION- means ‘to change’, moves individual pieces
of shape, but doesn't change overall shape & size.
• BILATERAL SYMMETRY: Can be divided along a plane
that are mirror images of each other. (leaf, butterfly,
spider)
4 TYPES OF TRANSFORMATIONS:

• RADIAL SYMMETRY: Type of balance, parts of an object • TRANSLATION- moves a shape in a given direction by
are regularly arranged from central point. Can divide into sliding it up, down, sideways or diagonally.
equal pieces like pie. (starfish, flower, orange, snowflake)
- (CONGRUENT SHAPE): exactly the same in size & shape. • ROTATION- movement of geometric shape w/o changing
shape & size by rotating at certain degree. determined by
a center & an angle of rotation.
• MEANDER SYMMETRY: series of regular sinuous curves,
bends, loops, turns, or windings in channel of a river, • REFLECTION- movement of geometric shape w/o
stream, or other watercourse. changing shape & size by flipping it along reflection line
creating mirror image.
• SPIRAL SYMMETRY: curve formed by a point revolving
around a fixed axis at an ever-increasing distance. • DILATION- figure is resized by scale factor. Determined by
scale factor & point of dilation.
• SPHERICAL SYMMETRY: characterized by ability to draw
endless, or finite number of symmetry axes through the
body. 4 BASIC TYPES OF ISOMETRIES:

1. TRANSLATION
• FRACTALS: never-ending pattern, created by repeating a
2. ROTATION
simple process over & over in ongoing feedback loop.
3. REFLECTION
4. GLIDE REFLECTION- Product of reflection & translation,
ISOMETRY- transformation without change to figure's direction is parallel w/ line of reflection.
shape/size. Iso = ‘same ‘& Metry = ‘meter/ measure’.
Transformation that preserves distance.
 3 BASIC TYPES OF SYMMETRIC PATTERNS: GEORG FERDINAND LUDWIG PHILIPP CANTOR- German
1. ROSETTE PATTERNS- taking an element & rotating and/or mathematician. Created set theory, a fundamental theory in
reflecting that element. mathematics.
- CYCLIC Cn: rotation only.
- Cantor's method of proof of this theorem implies the
- DIHEDRAL Dn: rotations & reflections.
existence of infinity of infinities. Defined cardinal &
ordinal numbers & their arithmetic.
2. FRIEZE PATTERNS- infinitely long strip imprinted with
design given by a repeating pattern motif.
- HOP: translations only.
- STEP: translations & glide reflections only. SET- well-defined collection of distinct objects. Objects make up
- SIDLE: Translations & vertical reflections only. a set (set's elements/members) can be numbers, people, letters.
- JUMP: Translations, horizontal reflection, & glide
reflection.
- SPINNING HOP: Translations & rotations (180*). VENN DIAGRAM- ‘primary diagram, set diagram/ logic diagram’,
- SPINNING SIDLE: Translations, vertical reflections, shows all possible logical relations between finite collection of
rotations, & glide reflections. different sets.
- SPINNING JUMP: Translations, vertical reflection, - Consists of multiple overlapping closed curves, usually
horizontal reflection, rotations, & glide reflection. circles, each representing a set.

3. WALLPAPER PATTERNS- covers the plane & can be EXPRESSION IN MATHEMATICS- mathematical analogue of an
mapped onto itself by translation in more than one English noun.
direction.

SIMPLIFY- to get different name for the expression in simple way.

TESSELLATION PATTERNS/TILING- cover surface with a pattern
of flat shapes fitted together, no overlaps/ gaps. - most common type of problem involving an expression.

- M.C ESCHER: most famous tessellation artist. Born in

Netherlands1898-1972. He loved to draw & fascinated by
SIMPLER MEANS: Fewer symbols, fewer operations, better
mathematical patterns in the world.
suited for current use, preferred style/format.
MATHEMATICAL SENTENCE- Analogue of English sentence, EXPRESSIONS/SENTENCES:
correct arrangement of mathematical symbols states complete
ENGLISH MATH
thought.
NAME NOUN (PLACE, EXPRESSION:
PERSON, THING): 28, a+b, 1/3
Fatima, Cavite,
COMPARISON ONF ENGLISH & MATH LANGUAGE: book
COMPLETE SENTENCE: SENTENCE:
ENGLISH MATH
THOUGHT DLSUD is a prime X+y=z
SYMBOLS Alphabet & Alphabet,
university
punctuations numerals, Greek
letters, grouping &
special symbols • The word “is” mean equality, inequality/ membership in a
NAME Noun Expressions set.
COMPLETE Sentence Sentence
• Different uses of number; to express quantity (cardinal),
THOUGHT
to indicate order (ordinal), & a label (nominal)
ACTION Verbs Operations &
action (simplify, • Mathematical objects may be represented in many ways,
rationalize) such as sets & functions.
WHAT’SIN A Verbs Equality, • The words "and' & "or" means different from its English
SENTENCE inequality, use.
membership in a
set
ATTRIBUTE OF A Fact/fiction True/false ELEMENTARY LOGIC- provides basic rules for constructing
SENTENCE sound, compelling arguments.

- LOGICAL STATEMENT: Building blocks of logical

4 BASIC CONCEPTS: arguments. Declarative sentence conveys factual
- SETS (Relationships, operations, properties) information.
- RELATIONS (Equivalence relations)
- FUNCTIONS (Injective, Surjective, Bijective)
- BINARY OPERATIONS PROPOSITION/STATEMENT- declarative sentence either true/
false, but not both.