COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Sector:

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

Qualification:

COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING (CSS) –NCII

Unit of Competency:

INSTALL AND CONFIGURE COMPUTER SYSTEM

Module Title:

INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING COMPUTER

SYSTEM

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 HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Welcome to the module in Computer Systems Servicing NCII. This

module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency "Install and Configure Computer System”
contains knowledge, skills and attitudes required for Computer Systems
Servicing NCII.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to
complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome are
Information Sheets, Self-Checks, Operation Sheets or Task Sheets.
Follow these activities on your own. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask
your facilitator for assistance.
The goal of this course is the development of practical skills. To gain these
skills, you must learn basic concepts and terminologies. For the most part, you'll
get this information from the Information Sheets and suggested resources and
references
This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in
"Installing and Configuring Computer System".
This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge and
skills in this particular competency independently and at your own pace, with
minimum supervision or help from your trainer.

Remember to:
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each section.
 Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested references
are included to supplement the materials provided in this module.
 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager. He/She is
there to support you and show you the correct way to do things.
 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice on the
job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work shifts. This
way you will improve both your speed and memory and also your confidence.
 Use the Self-checks, Operation Sheets or Task Sheets at the end of each
section to test your own progress.
 When you feel confident that you have had sufficient skill, ask your Trainer to
evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be recorded in your
Progress Chart and Accomplishment Chart.

You need to complete this module before you perform the module on Setting
Up Computer Networks.

COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NCII

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 COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

List of Competencies

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Install and configure Installing and configuring

1. ELC724331
computer systems computer systems

Set-up Computer Setting Up computer

2. ELC724332
Networks systems and networks

Set-up Computer Setting – up computer

3. ELC724333
Servers servers

Maintain and Repair Maintaining and repairing

4. Computer Systems and computer system and ELC724334
Networks networks

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 MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Install and Configure Computer Systems

MODULE TITLE : Installing and Configuring Computer System

MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This unit covers the outcomes required in installing
and configuring desktop and workstation computers systems. It consists of
competencies to assemble computer hardware, install operating system and
drivers for peripherals/devices, and install application software as well as to
conduct testing and documentation.

NOMINAL DURATION : 40 hours

At the end of this module the trainee MUST be able to:

Learning Outcomes Assessment Criteria

1. Assemble computer 1.1 Computer basics
hardware 1.2 Occupational Health and Safety;
1.3 Used of Hand tool
1.4 Motherboard Parts Identification
1.5 Motherboard connections
1.6 Identifying RAM’s
1.7 Power Supply Unit
1.8 Steps to a Safe and Successful Disassembly and Assembly

2. Install operating 2.1 Windows 2008 R2

system and drivers 2.2 Make ISO Image Using Power ISO
for peripherals or 2.3 Creating Bootable Flash Drive using Rufus
devices 2.4 Installing Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard x64 bit

3. Install application 3.1 Install application software are based on the software
software installation guides, end –users requirement and software
license.
3.2 Installing WinRAR
3.3 Installing network device driver
3.4 Installing Kingsoft office
4. Network cabling 4.1 Ethernet Cable ; types, connections and guides in making
And network Configuration Ethernet cable
4.2 Patch panel; types and guides in patching a patch panel
4.3 Network Connection diagram
4.4 Router; types and configuration
4.5 Windows Firewall

5. PC’s Common 5.1 Troubleshooting tips for new monitor

Troubleshooting 5.2 Troubleshooting tips for new Motherboard
Techniques & Strategies 5.3 Troubleshooting tips after installing a new hard drive
5.4 Troubleshooting for network card
5.5 Troubleshooting for sound card
5.6 Tech Acronym
5.7 Computer Virus; Types and installing anti-virus software
Learning Disassemble and Assemble Computer Hardware

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Outcome 1

Contents:

1. Types/Parts of computers
a. Description and purpose of hardware
i. Input devices
ii. Processing devices
iii. Output devices

2. Safety handling of computer parts (OHS)

a. Work Place
b. Computer System
c. Technician

3. Used of hand tools

a. Hand Tools
b. Cleaning Tools
c. Diagnostic Tools

4. System Unit
a. Parts of Motherboard
b. RAM
c. Power Supply Unit

5. Steps to a Safe and Successful Disassembly and Assembly

a. Disassemble
b. Assemble

Conditions:

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The students/trainees must be provided with the following:
 Tools and test instruments
o Screwdriver set
o Philips and flat
o T-series
o Hex
o Headlamp
o Anti-static wrist strap
o Long nose pliers
o Multi-tester (VOM)
o Table mat
 Desktop PC parts and peripherals
o Processor, mother board and memory card
o Video card
o Network interface card
o Hard disk and optical drive
o PC enclosure with switching power supply
o Keyboard, mouse and speaker
o Monitor
o Test speaker (internal)
o Table mat
 Access to power source (220VAC)

Assessment Method:

 Written exam
 Practical exam/demonstration
 Observation in workplace
 Oral Questioning

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 Information Sheet 1.1

Computer Basics

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to know what a
Computer is and identify the key parts of a Personal Computer.

What is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or

"data." the computer sees data as one's and zero's but he knows how to
combined them into more complex things such as a photograph, a movie,
a website, a game and much more.

Computer use a combination of "Hardware" & "Software"

Hardware is any physical part of the computer which include all the
internal components and also the external part like the monitor and the
keyboard.

Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do

such as a web browser, media player or word processor.

Types of Computers

The four basic types of computers are as under:

Supercomputer
Mainframe Computer
Minicomputer
Microcomputer
Supercomputer
The most powerful computers in terms of performance and data processing are
the Supercomputers. These are specialized and task specific computers used by
large organizations. The supercomputers are very expensive and very large in
size. It can be accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms; some super
computers can span an entire building.
Mainframe computer
Although Mainframes are not as powerful as supercomputers, but certainly they
are quite expensive nonetheless, and many large firms & government
organizations uses Mainframes to run their business operations. Banks
educational institutions & insurance companies use mainframe computers to
store data about their customers, students & insurance policy holders.
Minicomputer
Minicomputers are used by small businesses & firms. Minicomputers are also
called as “Midrange Computers”. These are small machines and can be
accommodated on a disk with not as processing and data storage capabilities as
super-computers & Mainframes.

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Microcomputer
Desktop computers, laptops, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablets &
smartphones are all types of microcomputers. The micro-computers are widely
used & the fastest growing computers. These computers are the cheapest
among the other three types of computers.

Other Devices uses a computer

A. Mobile phones
B. Tablets
C. Game consoles
D. TV's

The PC System

As a Technician, you should know and be able to identify the components

found in a typical personal computer system. The PC is modular by
design. It is called a system because it includes all the components
required to make a functional computer.

Types/Parts of Computer

A workstation is a high-end personal computer designed for

technical or scientific applications. Intended primarily to be used
by one person at a time, they are commonly connected to a local
area network and run multi-user operating systems.

Desktop computer
Desktop computers come in a variety of styles ranging from large
vertical tower cases to small form factor models that can be
tucked behind an LCD monitor. In this sense, the term 'desktop'
refers specifically to a horizontally-oriented case, usually intended
to have the display screen placed on top to save space on the
desk top. Most modern desktop computers have separate
screens and keyboards.

Laptop
A laptop computer or simply “laptop”, also called a notebook
computer or sometimes a notebook, is a small personal computer
designed for portability.

System unit – The main computer cabinet usually referred to as

a case, housing the primary components of the system. This
includes the main logic board (System board or mother board),
processor, memory, disk drives, switching power supply, and the
interconnecting wires and cables. The system unit also includes

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 expansion cards to provide audio, video, networking and other
functionality. Expansion cards vary from system to system.

Keyboard – The most familiar computer input device, the

keyboard is used to introduce characters and commands into
the system.

A central processing unit (CPU), also referred to as a central

processor unit, is the hardware within a computer that carries
out the instructions of a computer program by performing the
basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the
system.

A motherboard (sometimes alternatively known as the

mainboard, system board, planar board or logic board, or
colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found
in computers and other expandable systems. It holds many of the
crucial electronic components of the system, such as the central
processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for
other peripherals. Unlike a backplane, a motherboard contains
significant sub-systems such as the processor.

A video card (also called a video adapter, display card,

graphics card, graphics board, display adapter or graphics
adapter) is an expansion card which generates a feed of output
images to a display. Most video cards offer various functions such
as accelerated rendering of 3D scenes and 2D graphics,
MPEG-2/MPEG-4 decoding, TV output, or the ability to connect
multiple monitors (multi-monitor).

A network interface controller (NIC) (also known as a

network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter
and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that
connects a computer to a computer network.

A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal

computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of
audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer
programs. The term sound card is also applied to external audio
interfaces that use software to generate sound, as opposed to
using hardware inside the PC. Typical uses of sound cards include
providing the audio component for multimedia applications such
as music composition, editing video or audio, presentation,
education and entertainment (games) and video projection.

Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data

storage. A random-access device allows stored data to be
accessed directly in any random order. In contrast, other data
storage media such as hard disks, CDs, DVDs and magnetic tape,
as well as early primary memory types such as drum memory,
read and write data only in a predetermined order, consecutively,
because of mechanical design limitations. Therefore the time to

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 access a given data location varies significantly depending on its
physical location.

A hard disk drive (HDD) is a data storage device used for storing
and retrieving digital information using rapidly
rotating discs (platters) coated with magnetic
material. An HDD retains its data even when
powered off. Data is read in a random-access
manner, meaning individual blocks of data can be
stored or retrieved in any order rather than
sequentially. An HDD consists of one or more rigid ("hard") rapidly
rotating discs (platters) with magnetic heads arranged on a moving
actuator arm to read and write data to the surfaces.

A computer case is also known as a "computer chassis",

"tower", "system unit", "base unit" or simply "case". Also
sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "CPU" or "hard drive", it
is the enclosure that contains most of the components of a
computer. Form factors typically specify only the internal
dimensions and layout of the case. For rack-mounted and blade
servers form factors may include precise external dimensions as
well, since these cases must themselves fit in specific enclosures

Mouse – An input device used with graphical user interfaces (GUI)

to point to, select, or activate images on the video monitor. By
moving the mouse along a surface, the user can cause a cursor on
the display to move in a corresponding manner.

Video display or Monitor – A Visual output device that displays

characters and graphics on screen.

Printers – A hard copy output device that applies data to paper.

Normally, methods of placing information on a page include dot-
matrix printer, inkjet printer and laser printer.

Speakers – Audio output devices used to deliver voice, music and

coded messages.

A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low-voltage

regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer.
Modern personal computers universally use a switched-mode

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 power supply. Some power supplies have a manual selector for input voltage,
while others automatically adapt to the supply voltage.

Information Sheet 1.2

Occupational Health and Safety

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to identify and apply
OHS policies and procedures in Computer Systems Servicing.

A. Workplace

1. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other

emergencies are recognized.
2. Hazard/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are
identified to minimize or eliminate risk to co-workers, workplace and
environment.
3. Clean the area before and after using it to maintain sanitation and prevent
accidents.

B. Computer systems

1. Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it. When
making circuit changes switch off and unplug the power cord from the
equipment then discharge the capacitors.
2. Replace only fuses with those proper rating (usually on AVRs).
3. Handle all sensitive components in non-conducting metallic edge.
4. Check all signal pins and alignment to avoid incorrect connection.
5. Be careful with the sharp edges inside the computer case.
6. Do not use excessive force when installing computer components to
prevent damage.
7. Do not clean your system with wet clothes or any liquid detergents.
8. Use brush, compressed air or blower in cleaning the computer system.

C. Technician

1. Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance with

organization OHS procedures and practices.
2. Always discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer.
3. Use anti-static devices and rubber footwear to disperse static electricity.
4. Do not eat, drink or smoke when working on your computer.
5. do not wear loose clothing

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 Information Sheet 1.3

Used of Hand Tools

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to identify Use of
hand tools and proper use.

 A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. Tools range

from a traditional metal cutting part of a machine to an element of a
computer program that activates and controls a particular function.

Preparing for the task

 How do you select the best tool for the job? First, know and understand in
detail the scope of work to be accomplished, second, plan for the scope
taking into account the sequence of tasks.

 Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of
the tools, field experience in their safe use, and following the
manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that specific tool.

 When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and consumable parts,
as recommended by the manufacturer, must be included. In addition,
related consumable parts must also be selected and used according to
their manufacturer’s instructions.

Safe Use of Tools

 Once selected, use the tool for the purpose for which it was designed. Not
all tools come with detailed instructions, but there are those that do spell
out the safety - Do’s and Don’ts for your safety. If there are set-up or use
options, operator judgment must always be based on what is the safest
way to use the tool.

Environmental Safety and Health Program requires the following:

 All tools be kept in good condition with regular maintenance

 The right tool be used for the job

 Each tool be examined before use and damaged or defective tools NOT to
be used

 Tools be operated according to manufacturer’s instructions

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  The right protective equipment for the tool and activity be used

Hardware Tools
To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should
contain all of the necessary tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which
tools to have available for different types of jobs. Hardware tools are grouped
into these four categories:
 Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools

 Hand tools

 Cleaning tools

 Diagnostic tools

Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools

 Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring,
clothing, hair, fabric, and etc. The friction of moving air alone will charge
suspended particles and cause the buildup of static electrical charges on
people and objects in the environment. Grounded anti-static work
mats used with anti-static wrist straps provide the most basic means
for the controlled discharge of electro-static electricity.

Examples of ESD Tools

 Anti-static wrist strap - used to prevent ESD damage to computer
equipment.

 Anti-static mat - used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent

static electricity from building up.

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Hand Tools
 A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical
system using only hands. The hand tools can be manually used
employing force, or electrically powered, using electrical current.

Examples of Hand Tools

 Flat head screwdriver - used to loosen or tighten slotted screws.

 Philips head screwdriver - used to loosen or tighten crosshead

screws.

 Torx screwdriver - used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-

like depression on the top, a feature that is mainly found on laptop.

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 Hex driver – sometimes called a nut driver, is used to tighten nuts in
the same way that a screwdriver tightens screws.

 Needle-nose plier - used to hold small parts.

 Wire cutter - used to strip and cut wires.

 Tweezers - used to manipulate small parts.

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 Part retriever - used to retrieve parts from location those are too small
for your hand to fit.

 Flashlight - used to light up areas that you cannot see well.

Cleaning Tools
 Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or
repairing computers.

 Using these tools ensures that computer components are not damaged
during cleaning.

Examples of Cleaning Tools

 Lint-free cloth - used to clean different computer components without
scratching or leaving debris.

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 Compressed air - used to blow away dust and debris from different
computer parts without touching the components.

 Cable ties - used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a

computer.

 Parts organizer - used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners and other small
parts and prevents them from getting mixed together.

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Diagnostic Tools
 Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new
generation of hardware and operating system update, but that doesn't
mean they're problem-free.

 Multimeter - used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of

electricity in computer components.

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  Loopback Adapter - used to test the functionality of computer ports.

Information Sheet 1.4

Motherboards Parts Identification
Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to identify

Motherboard Parts and Functions.

What are the Different Motherboard Components and their Functions?

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 Understanding your motherboard components and their functions is simple... Join
us as we explain the different parts of a motherboard with pictures.

At the first glance, the components of a motherboard can appear complicated...

even daunting to some. How are we supposed to figure out that jumble of
connectors, ports, slots, sockets and heat sinks?

The good news: To find your way around a motherboard, all you'll need to know
are the major motherboard parts and their functions.

And what better way is there... than to do it with labeled photos? Let's take a
closer look at the different motherboard components below:

Connectors and ports for connecting the computer to

1. Back Panel Connectors & external devices such as display ports, audio ports, USB
Ports ports, Ethernet ports, PS/2 ports etc. See image below
for a close-up view.

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2. PCI Slots PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect
Slot for older expansion cards such as sound cards,
network cards, connector cards. See image below for a
close-up view.

Have been largely replaced by PCI-Express x1 slots (see

motherboard parts #3 below).
3. PCI Express x1 Slots Slot for modern expansion cards such as sound cards,
network cards (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth), connector
cards (USB, FireWire, eSATA) and certain low-end
graphics cards. See image below for a close-up view.
4. PCI Express x16 Slot Slot for discrete graphic cards and high bandwidth
devices such as top-end solid state drives. See image
below for a close-up view.
5. Northbridge Also known as Memory Controller Hub (MCH).

Chipset that allows the CPU to communicate with the

RAM and graphics card.

Beginning from the Sandy Bridge generation of Intel

CPUs, motherboards no longer have this component as it
has been integrated within the CPU itself.
6. CPU Socket A CPU socket or CPU slot is a mechanical component(s)
that provides mechanical and electrical connections
between a microprocessor and a printed circuit
board(PCB). This allows the CPU to be replaced without
soldering.
7. ATX 12V Power Connector Connects to the 4-pin power cable of a power supply unit
which supplies power to the CPU.

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8. Front Panel USB 2.0 Connects to USB 2.0 ports at the front or top of a
Connectors computer case. See image above for a close-up view.

9. Front Panel Connectors Connects to the power switch, reset switch, power LED,
hard drive LED and front audio ports of a computer case.
See image above for a close-up view.
10. IDE Connector Connects to older hard drive disks and optical drives for
data transfer. See image above for a close-up view.
Have been replaced over by SATA connectors (see
motherboard components #13 below).
11. CMOS Battery Supplies power to store BIOS settings and keep the real-
time clock running. See image above for a close-up view.
The CMOS battery found on most motherboards is the
CR2032 lithium coin cell.
12. Southbridge Also known as the Input/Output Controller Hub (ICH).

Chipset that allows the CPU to communicate with PCI

slots, PCI-Express x 1 slots (expansion cards), SATA
connectors (hard drives, optical drives), USB ports (USB
devices), Ethernet ports and on-board audio.
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13. SATA Connectors Connects to modern hard disk drives, solid state drives
and optical drives for data transfer. See image above for
a close-up view.
14. Fan Headers Supplies power to the CPU heat sink fan and computer
case fans. See image above for a close-up view.
15. RAM Slots Insert RAM here. To learn how to install RAM, click here
for our guide to installing RAM.
16. ATX Power Connector Connects to the 24-pin ATX power cable of a power
supply unit which supplies power to the motherboard.

17. mSATA Connector Connects to amSATA solid state drive. In most cases, this
SSD is used as cache to speed up hard disk drives, but
it's possible to re-purpose it as a regular hard drive.
18. Front Panel USB 3.0 Connects to USB 3.0 ports at the front or top of the
Connector computer case.
19. Power & Reset Button Onboard button to turn on, turn off and reboot the
computer.

This motherboard component is more common among

high end boards.

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 Information Sheet 1.5

Motherboard Connections

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to Identify

Motherboard Panel Connectors

Front Panel Connectors USB 1.1 & 2.0 Panel Connectors

Data transfer rate comparison:

USB 1.1 = 12 Mbit/s

USB 2.0 = 480 Mbit/s
USB 3.0 = 5 Gbit/s

USB 3.0 Panel Connectors

AC’97-compliant front panel AC’97 & HD or

Azalia
Audio connector comparison

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 Information Sheet 1.6

Identifying RAM’s

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to identify RAM’s.
There are many different types of RAM which have appeared over the years and
it is often difficult knowing the difference between them both performance wise
and visually identifying them. This article tells a little about each RAM type, what
it looks like and how it performs.

FPM RAM

FPM RAM, which stands for “Fast Page Mode” RAM is a type of Dynamic RAM
(DRAM). The term "Fast Page Mode" comes from the capability of memory being
able to access data that is on the same page and can be done with less latency.
Most 486 and Pentium based systems from 1995 and earlier use FPM Memory.

EDO RAM

EDO RAM, which stands for "Extended Data Out RAM" came out in 1995 as a
new type of memory available for Pentium based systems. EDO is a modified
form of FPM RAM which is commonly referred to as "Hyper Page Mode".
Extended Data Out refers to fact that the data output drivers on the memory
module are not switched off when the memory controller removes the column
address to begin the next cycle, unlike FPM RAM. Most early Pentium based
systems use EDO.

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SDRAM

SDRAM , which is short for Synchronous DRAM is a type of DRAM that runs in
synchronization with the memory bus. Beginning in 1996 most Intel based
chipsets began to support SDRAM which made it a popular choice for new
systems in 2001.
SDRAM is capable of running at 133MHz which is about three times faster than
FPM RAM and twice as fast as EDO RAM. Most Pentium or Celeron systems
purchased in 1999 have SDRAM.

DDR RAM

DDR RAM, which stands for "Double Data Rate" which is a type of SDRAM and
appeared first on the market around 2001 but didn’t catch on until about 2001
when the mainstream motherboards started supporting it. The difference
between SDRAM and DDR RAM is that instead of doubling the clock rate it
transfers data twice per clock cycle which effectively doubles the data rate.
DDRRAM has become mainstream in the graphics card market and has become
the memory standard.

DDR2 RAM

DDR2 RAM, which stands for "Double Data Rate 2" is a newer version of DDR
which is twice as fast as the original DDR RAM. DDR2RAM came out in mid 2003
and the first chipsets that supported DDR2 came out in mid 2004. DDR2 still is
double data rate just like the original DDR however DDR2-RAM has modified
signaling which enables higher speeds to be achieved with more immunity to
signal noise and cross-talk between signals.

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RAMBUS (RIMM) RAM

RAMBUS RDRAM is a type of ram of its own, it came out in 1999 and was
developed from traditional DRAM but its architecture is totally new. The RAMBUS
design gives smarter access to the ram meaning that units can prefetch data
and free some CPU work. The idea behind RAMBUS RAM is to get small packets
of data from the RAM, but at very high clock speeds. For example, SD RAM can
get 64bit of information at 100MHz where RAMBUS RAM would get 16bits of data
at 800MHz. RIMM ram was generally unsuccessful as Intel had a lot of problems
with the RAM timing or signal noise. RD RAM did make an appearance in the
Sony Playstation 2 and the Nintendo 64 game consoles.

DDR3 RAM

DDR3 was the next generation memory introduced in the summer of 2007 as the
natural successor to DDR2. DDR3 increased the pre-fetch buffer size to 8-bits an
increased the operating frequency once again resulting in high data transfer
rates than its predecessor DDR2. In addition, to the increased data transfer rate
memory chip voltage level was lowered to 1.5 V to counter the heating effects of
the high frequency. By now you can see the trend of memory to increase pre-
fetch buffer size and chip
operating frequency, and lowering the operational voltage level to counter heat.

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 Information Sheet 1.7

Power Supply Unit

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to know and identify
Power Supply Unit and its functions.

A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC

power for the internal components of a computer. Modern personal computers
universally use a switched-mode power supply. Some power supplies have a
manual selector for input voltage, while others automatically adapt to the supply
voltage.

Wiring diagram & Voltage Outputs:

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AT power connector wiring diagram:

Connectors
The 20/24 ATX pin

It allows you turn on the motherboard: early models had a 20-pin configuration,
whilst the current standard is now 24. Note that it still comes as a block of 20
pins, to which you can add a block of 4 pins. This is to ensure compatibility with
older motherboards and their 20-pin connectors.

The "ATX P4"

This connector, called P4-ATX (ATX 12V or as), was introduced by Intel for
Pentium 4 (hence the name): it plugs into the motherboard and exclusively
powers the processor.
Today, most motherboards possess 4 to 8 pins dedicated to powering up the
CPU. The latest standards for power supply make use of an 8-pin connector
(sometimes called EPS 12V), made up of 2 x 4-pin blocks, again to ensure
compatibility with old motherboards and the classic ATX P4.

Connector attached:

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The MOLEX
The most classic. Still very present in every PC, it is sometimes used directly on
the motherboard (MSI) and is used to connect the hard disk and other drives.
Some graphics cards may require this connector too. Note that Molex/Sata
connectors are easily available nowadays.

The SATA connector

Modern power supply must have at least 4 of these, to power up drives at the
SATA standard.

The "PCI Express"

Modern graphics cards need more power. They need to power themselves
directly from the power block. This is the role of this connector. Originally a 6-pin
configuration and now available in 8-pin.

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If you plan to buy a powerful graphics card, be careful on this point: your power
supply should contain at least two PCI Express slots including one convertible at
least 6 / 8 pin as follows:

If your power supply doesn't have an 8-pin connector, there are 6 to 8 adapters:

MOLEX to PCI Express

Notes:
The use of these adapters is not recommended and requires the power supply to
be of good quality and powerful enough to feed the latest graphics card.

The pins

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As you can see, all these connectors are fitted with pins. Never force! Take your
time, look at the connector and ask yourself two questions: is this correct? is it in
the right direction?

Information Sheet 1.8

Steps to a Safe and Successful Disassembly and Assembly

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to successfully

disassemble/assemble and apply OHS policies and procedures.

To Disassemble:

1. Prepare all your tools.

a. Long Philip Screw Driver
b. Anti-static strap

2. Before opening the system case, be sure to turn off the

system unit. Turn off and unplug the AVR from the wall socket
as well. After that, unplug all the cables connecting to the back
of the system unit. After clearing all the connected cables, put
the system unit on an empty working table.

3. Touch the unpainted part of your system unit with your bare
hands to remove the ESD of your body. Wear anti-static strap.
This is an important part before opening your system case.
You might destroy your RAM, Chipsets and other components
of your motherboard.

4. Remove the screws of the side cover opposite to the side

where the ports are. By most system cases, if you are facing
the back of the system unit the right side cover is to be
removed. Return the screws back to the screw holes to avoid
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losing them.

5. Once the side cover is removed, turn your system side

down where the opened side of the system unit should be
facing upward where you can comfortably look down on the
inside of your system case.

6. We are now ready to remove the components inside of the

computer. The first thing we need to do is remove the power
supply. To be able to remove the power supply, remove first
the molex connectors or the motherboard power connector,
drive power connectors, the floppy drive power connector, the
sata power connectors and the four pin 12-volt motherboard
connector. With all power connectors are removed from the
motherboard and drives, the power supply is now ok to be
removed as well.

7. With the power supply removed, the data cable should be

removed next.
This includes IDE, SATA, and floppy drive cables. Secure the
removed data cables.

8. Next to remove are the RAM, Video Card and other card
peripheral components. Again have them secured in a safe
place and put the screws back. Clean the connector edges
of the card peripherals by rubbing the gold colored edge
moderately with a rubber eraser then brushing off the
shredding. Do not attempt to clean the edge by blowing or
brushing it off with your fingers. Our body is acidic and you
might only cause the edges to tarnish faster.

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9. Remove all drives. This will include your hard drive,
cd/dvd drives, and the floppy drive.

10. Since all peripherals where removed, the next thing to do is to remove the front panel
connectors. This will include the USB, Front Panel (FP) and Audio header. If you are not
sure of which connector is being match to, write down or document the connections and
orientation of the connectors before removing them from the headers. Remember that
not all motherboards have the same header configuration so be careful and watchful
while documenting.

11. After removing the header connectors, we are now ready to remove the motherboard.
To remove the motherboard, locate first all the screws and lightly unscrew all screws
alternately. With this technique, we are reducing the risk of warping or bending our
motherboard. It may not have a large impact on the bending of the motherboard but still it
does have even a little. Upon lightly loosening all screws, remove all screws then.
Remove the motherboard by carefully and lightly pulling it away from the I/O shield.
Why? because we need to free the ports that are fitted from the holes in the I/O shield.
After freeing the motherboard ports from the I/O shield holes, lift up the motherboard and
put it on the safe place.

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To Assemble:

1. Provided that all peripherals are clean and ready. We are now going to assemble your
computer. In assembling back your computer, what we have done during disassembling
is just doing the reverse order to assemble it. Since the motherboard was last to be
removed, it should then be the first to put back. Remove the retaining screws from the
standoff screws of the motherboard and let the motherboard seat on it with the ports
facing out towards the I/O shield. Lightly push the motherboard to set its ports to the
holes of the I/O shield. Put the retaining screws on the motherboard screw holes but do
not tighten it yet. Now be careful in doing this one and if this is your first time doing it, it is
best if you lend a hand for assistance. Lightly push the motherboard towards to I/O shield
and lightly tighten the motherboard retaining screws alternately until all screws are tight
enough but not too tight. This is to ensure that your ports are protruding correctly out of
the I/O shield.

2. Once the motherboard is secured, put back the FP, Audio, and USB header
connectors as you will be using your documentation for reference.

3. Put back the drives to the correct drive bays.

4. Connect back the RAM, Video Card and other card peripherals to its proper slot
inserting it properly and some cards will require screws to be secured.

5. The data cables (IDE, SATA, floppy cable) should be connected to its proper headers
and drives. Remember the proper configuration of the placement of the cables specially if
you are dealing with the IDE cables.

6. After the data cables are properly connected, put back the power supply and secure it
with the screws you removed earlier. After securing the PSU to the chassis, connect the
power connectors to the drives and the motherboard.

7. Once all peripherals are connected properly, have a final inspection by visually
checking for loose connection or improper connection. Once the system unit connections
are thoroughly checked and verified, connect the keyboard; the monitor, and the power
connector then power up the computer. This initial powering up of the computer while the
side cover is open ensures us that everything is ok before putting back the side cover. In
case something goes wrong, we can accessibly correct the problem right away. If
everything is fine shutdown the computer, unplugged the AVR and remove the cables

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 connected to the back of your computer. Put the side cover back.

8. Put the assembled computer back to its place and connect the rest of the cables and
connectors. Power it up and see if there are unusual effects of your
disassembling/assembling procedure done earlier.

Install operating system and drivers for peripherals or devices

Learning Outcome 2

Contents:

1. Windows Server 2008 R2

a. System Requirements
b. Materials/application needed

2. Making ISO image using PowerISO

a. What is powerISO
b. Procedure to make ISO image

3. Creating bootable flash drive using Rufus

a. Things you will need
b. Procedure to make a bootable flash drive

4. Installing Windows Server 2008 R2x 64

a. What is Bios
b. Specify the boot sequence
c. Procedure for installing windows Server

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 Information Sheet 2.1

Windows Server 2008 R2

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to know the system
requirements for windows Server 2008 R2

Windows Server 2008 R2 is a server operating system produced by Microsoft.

It was released to manufacturing (RTM) on July 22, 2009 and launched on
October 22, 2009. The retail availability was September 14, 2009. ] It is built on
the same kernel used with the client-oriented Windows 7. It is the first 64-bit–
only operating system released from Microsoft. Enhancements include new
functionality for Active Directory, new virtualization and management features,
version 7.5 of the Internet Information Services (IIS) web server and support for
up to 256 logical processors.

System Requirements
Before installing Windows Server 2008 R2, the computer must meet the
following minimum system requirements

 1.4 GHz x86/x64 or Itanium 2 processor

 512 MB RAM (2 GB recommended)
 Super VGA or higher display
 32 GB disk space (10 GB for Foundation Edition)
 DVD drive
 Keyboard and pointing device

Materials/Application Needed:

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Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard x64 bit CD

Power Iso

Rufus

4 Gb or higher USB flash drive

Information Sheet 2.2

Making ISO Image Using Power ISO

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to how to create ISO
image using PowerISO

PowerISO can make an ISO file from a CD, DVD, or Blu-ray disc. PowerISO do a
sector-by-sector copying. All information in the disc, including the boot
information, will be copied. You can launch the iso maker using the main
program or the shell context menu.

Usage1: Make ISO file using the main program:

 Run PowerISO.
 Click "Copy" button on toolbar, then choose "Make CD / DVD / BD Image
File..." from the popup menu.

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  PowerISO shows ISO Maker dialog.
 Choose the CD / DVD driver which holds the disc you want to copy.
 Choose the output file name, and set output format to ISO.
 Click "OK" to make iso file from the selected disc.

Usage2: Make ISO file using the shell context menu:

 Open "My Computer" and select the drive which holds the disc you want to
copy..

 Right-click on the drive selected, the shell context menu will popup.
 Choose the menu "Make Image File".
 The "ISO maker" dialog will display.

 Choose the output file name, and set output format to ISO.
 Click "OK" to start making.

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 Information Sheet 2.3

Creating Bootable Flash Drive Using Rufus

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to create a bootable
Windows Server 2008 R2 x64 USB using Rufus.

Things you will need:

 Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard x64 bit Image file

 Flash Drive (The size of the USB required will vary depending on the size
of the ISO you are using. 4GB or higher USB).

Once you have the required items, you can start by opening up Rufus. Don’t
worry about any of the settings here as Rufus will automatically do this for you
depending on the type of ISO you are using.

By default, it will appear to have many of the options blank until you connect
your USB. Once you connect the USB, these fields will be automatically filled for
you. Next, connect your USB to your computer

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Now we need to select our ISO. (Windows server 2008 r2 ISO) Select the icon
highlighted as shown below, which will let you browse for the required ISO file.

Select the file by left clicking on it once and then clicking on Open.

Rufus will now have filled out the fields for you. All you have to do now is hit
Start.

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Note, if you are using a USB stick that is too small, like using a 2GB USB for an
ISO that is larger than 2GB you will get the following error:

If your USB is the correct size then you will get a standard warning telling you
that any data/partitions that was on the USB before starting the process will be
permanently deleted.

Click OK, to start.

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How long the process will take to complete will depend on the specs of your
computer, the USB (read/write speeds) and the size of the ISO you are using.

That’s it. You now have a bootable USB.

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 Information Sheet 2.4

Installing Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard x64 bit

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to install and
configure Windows server 2008 R2.

To boot from a CD, DVD or USB device, make sure that the device has boot
sequence priority over the hard drive.

BIOS Boot

BIOS (Basic Input Output Subsystem) is a programmable chip that controls how
information is passed to various devices in the computer system. A typical
method to access the BIOS settings screen is to press ESC, F1, F2, F8 or F10
during the boot sequence.

BIOS settings allow you to run a boot sequence from a floppy drive, a hard drive,
a CD-ROM drive or an external device. You may configure the order that your
computer searches these physical devices for the boot sequence.

The first device in the order list has the first boot priority. For example, to boot
from a CD-ROM drive instead of a hard drive, place the CD-ROM drive ahead of
the hard drive in priority.

Before you set boot priority for a USB device, plug the device into a USB port.

To specify the boot sequence:

1. Start the computer and press ESC, F1, F2, F8 or F10 during the initial
startup screen. Depending on the BIOS manufacturer, a menu may appear.
2. Choose to enter BIOS setup. The BIOS setup utility page appears.
3. Use the arrow keys to select the BOOT tab. System devices appear in
order of priority.
4. To give a CD or DVD drive boot sequence priority over the hard drive,
move it to the first position in the list.
5. To give a USB device boot sequence priority over the hard drive, do the
following:

Move the hard drive device to the top of the boot sequence list.
Expand the hard drive device to display all hard drives.

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 Move the USB device to the top of the list of hard drives.
6. Save and exit the BIOS setup utility.
7. The computer will restart with the changed settings.

Boot Priority Options:

Some computer manufacturers allow you to select the device that contains the
boot sequence from a special device selection menu. The example below uses a
Dell system board.

To set boot priority using a device selection menu:

1. When the computer starts to boot up, after the manufacturer's ID

screen, press F12 several times. The device selection menu appears.
2. Use the up and down arrows to select CD-ROM or an USB Flash
Drive.

3. To boot from the selected device, press ENTER.

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1. Reboot the computer.

2. When prompted for an installation language and other regional options

make your selection and press next.

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3. Next, press Install Now to begin the installation process.

4. On Select the Operating System you want to install page, from the
displayed Windows Server 2008 R2 editions (choose: Standard full
Installation), edition

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 5. Read and accept the license terms by clicking to select the checkbox and
pressing Next.

6. In the “Which type of installation do you want?” window, click the only
available option – Custom (Advanced).

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7. On Where do you want to install Windows page, ensure that the hard
disk drive on which Windows Server 2008 R2 is to be installed is selected. Once
selected, click Drive options (advanced).

8. From the enabled options, click New to create a new disk drive partition.
On the Size field, specify the size of the new volume in MB.

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 9. On the displayed Install Windows message box, click OK. Back on the
same page, click to select the hard disk drive partition (E. g. Disk 0
Partition 2, in this demonstration) where Windows Server 2008 R2 is to
be installed and click Next.

10. On the Installing Windowspage, wait till the Windows Server 2008 R2
installed and the computer get restarted.

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Note: Do not press any key if the screen displays the message, ‘Press any key
to boot from CD or DVD’ while computer restarts for the first time, to resume
the installation process.

11. After second restart, on the displayed screen, click OK to change the user
password before logging on for the first time. On the available fields, type and
retype the new password and press Enter.

12. On the next confirmation screen, click OK to log on to the Windows Server 2008 R2
computer.

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 Install application software

Learning Outcome 3

Contents:

1. Application Software
a. Types of Application software

2. WinRAR

3. Network Device Driver

4. Installing Kingsoft Office

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 Information Sheet 3.1

Install application software are based on the software installation

guides, end –users requirement and software license.

Application software
An application is any program, or group of programs, that is designed for
the end user..

Types of Application Software

Application software can be divided into two general classes: systems
software and applications software. Applications software (also called end-
user programs) include such things as database programs, word processors, Web
browsers and spreadsheets.

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 Information Sheet 3.2
Installing WinRAR

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to install

winRAR and to use WinRAR for creating Archive, zip, and unzip files

WinRAR is a trialware file archiver utility for Windows. It can create and
view archives in RAR or ZIP file formats, and unpack numerous archive file
formats.

1. Open your web browser. Double-click on any web browser on

your desktop. Download WinRaR

2. Click the Icon of the WinRAR

3. Click Yes

4. Check “I agree” box then click install

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 5. Click “ok” and your done

How to use WinRAR for creating Archive, zip, and unzip files
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How to use WinRAR for creating Archive

1. Compresing 3 pdf files and creating RAR archieve. Usually people

use it for the larger files. WinRAR reduces the size of a file into RAR
and ZIP file format.

2. New
windowill
prompt.
Choose RAR
format.

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 Document No. CSS – 2015-001
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 Information Sheet 3.3

Installing network device driver

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to install network
device driver.

A network device driver is a device driver that enables a

network device to communicate between the computer and operating system as

well as with other network computers and network devices.

Open Device Manager, and then follow the instructions in the procedure.

Step 1

Select the Start button, type Device Manager, and select it from the list of
results.

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Step 2

Right-click on your Ethernet card and click "Update Driver Software…"

Step 3

Select the option to search automatically for updated driver software. This option will
search the Internet for any new drivers available for your Ethernet card. If you presently
have the latest drivers then you will be prompted that the latest drivers are already
installed on your system and the window will close. If new drivers are available they will
be automatically installed.

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Step 3
Or choose “browse my computer for driver software” if you have a driver file in
your computer.

Step 4
Then browse the driver in your file then click next

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If sucessfully installed you will see the driver that currently installed in the
network adapters.

Information Sheet 3.4

Installing Kingsoft office

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Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to install Kingsoft
office.

Step 1: To install Kingsoft Office to your PC, first download the office to your computer.
Then click Save button in the following picture:

Step 2: It will be automatically saved in your system files unless you choose to save it in specific
file. Then just wait for it to finish the downloading as the following picture:
Step 3: Once the downloading is accomplished, begin the installation as follows:

It's required that you accept the License Agreement.It's required that you accept the License
Agreement, otherwise the installation will fail.

Step 4: Then for further access, input serial number which you will obtain once purchasing the
product. Or You may have access the product for free within 30 days.

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Several components will be available that you will feel free to choose:
Step 5:

Then you can browse The Kingsoft Office in the file you prefer, or leave it to be automatically
stored.

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Please notice that the options above aren't compulsory. If you tick the them, the system will
automatically open and save all the office files via Kingsoft Office. In case you've got used to MS
office, you may choose not to tick them and only open or save the office files via Kingsoft Office
when you're in need.

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Then click the Install and wait for it to complete the setup:
Then feel free to choose your favorite interface style and the installation is thus completed.

Till now we've accomplished the Kingsoft Office Installation. You can close it.

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How to Remove Kingsoft Office from your Computer?

It convenient to remove Kingsoft Office from your computer. Below is the simple illustration:
Find the Uninstall button from Start menu > Kingsoft Office > Kingsoft Office Tools > Uninstall.

Click Unistall and the removal of the Kingsoft Office will be accomplish.

Information Sheet 4.0

Firewall

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to know how use
the Windows firewall

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Windows Firewall is a software component of Microsoft Windows that
provides firewalling and packet filtering functions. It was first included
in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003.

1. At the start menu click control panel

2. Click “category” then choose small icons

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3. Click Windows firewall.

4. Choose “turn windows firewall on or off” to turn the firewall on or

off.

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 5. Check the boxes that you want to configurein your computer. Then
click ok.

What is Windows Firewall with Advanced Security?

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Windows Firewall with Advanced Security combines a host firewall and Internet
Protocol security (IPsec). Unlike a perimeter firewall, Windows Firewall with
Advanced Security runs on each computer running this version of Windows and
provides local protection from network attacks that might pass through your
perimeter network or originate inside your organization. It also provides
computer-to-computer connection security by allowing you to require
authentication and data protection for communications.

Default Settings for Windows Firewall with Advanced Security

Applies To: Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2
The following tables list the default values for Internet Protocol security (IPsec)
settings.
Key exchange

Settings Value

Key lifetimes 480 minutes/0 sessions*

Key exchange algorithm Diffie-Hellman Group 2

Security methods (integrity) SHA1

Security methods (encryption) AES-128 (primary)/3-DES

(secondary)
*A session limit of zero (0) causes rekeys to be determined only by the Key lifetime
(minutes) setting.
Data integrity

Setting Value

Protocol ESP (primary)/AH (secondary)

Data integrity SHA1

Key lifetimes 60 minutes/100,000 kilobytes (KB)

Data encryption

Setting Value

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Protocol ESP

Data integrity SHA1

Data encryption AES-128 (primary)/3-DES

(secondary)

Key lifetimes 60 minutes/100,000 KB

Authentication method
Computer Kerberos version 5 authentication is the default authentication method.

How default settings work with Group Policy

Policies created using the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security snap-in and
distributed with Group Policy are applied in this order:

1. Highest precedence Group Policy object (GPO).

2. Locally defined policy settings.

3. Service defaults, as shown in the tables in this topic.

Configuring Firewall Rules

Applies To: Windows Server 2008 R2
Because Windows Firewall with Advanced Security blocks all incoming unsolicited
network traffic by default, you need to configure program, port, or system service rules
for programs or services that are acting as servers, listeners, or peers. Program, port,
and system service rules are managed on an ongoing basis as your server roles or
configurations change. The roles and features that you can install by using Server
Manager typically create and enable firewall rules for you when the role or feature is
installed. They also remove or disable the rules when the role or feature is removed. A
growing number of other, non-Microsoft programs and services also automatically
configure Windows Firewall with a set of rules to permit their operation.

PC’s Common Troubleshooting Techniques & Strategies

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Learning Outcome 4

Contents:

1. Techniques and strategies to solve common computer hardware problems.

a. Trial and Error
b. It’s the Cable
c. Don’t be frustrated
d. Take notes
e. Take a Look

2. Troubleshooting Tips for new monitor

3. Troubleshooting Tips for a Motherboard

4. Trouble Shooting Tips after Installing a New Hard Drive

5. Troubleshooting Tips for Network Card

6. Troubleshooting Tips for Sound Card

7. Tech Acronyms

8. Computer Virus
a. Types of Computer Virus
b. Symptoms of an infected computer

9. Symptoms of an infected computer

10. Antivirus Software

PC’s Common Troubleshooting Techniques & Strategies

Learning Objective:

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After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to know the PC’s
common troubleshooting techniques & Strategies.
Here are five common-sense techniques and strategies to solve common
computer hardware problems.

(1) Trial-and-error

Personal computers are highly modular by design. The most powerful trouble-
shooting technique is to isolate the problem to a specific component by trial-and-
error. Swap compatible components and see if the system still works. Try
different peripherals on different machines and see if the same problem occurs.
Make one change at a time.

(2) "It's the cable, s-----."

More than 70% of all computer problems are related to cabling and connections.
Ensure all cables are connected firmly. IDE and floppy ribbon cables and power
cables can often go loose. Ensure microprocessor, memory modules, and
adapters such as video card and sound card are inserted correctly and didn't
"pop-up" during transportation.

(3) Don't be frustrated!

Don't be afraid of computer problems. It is often the best opportunity to learn.

Trouble-shooting is part of the fun of owning a computer. Imagine the
satisfaction you could get by solving a problem yourself.

Of course the fun could run out quickly once you are frustrated and have spent
too much time on the same problem. If you feel frustrated, it's time to leave it for
a while and go back with some new ideas or call someone who can help. Rule of
thumb: You shouldn't spend more than three hours on the same problem at one
time.

(4) Take notes!

Take notes of what you have done and all the error messages. You may need to
use them later. For instance, when you see unusual blue screen with an error
message you may copy the entire message onto a piece of paper. In many
situations, that message may point to the right direction in getting the problem
solved quickly.

(5) Take a look?

It's OK to open a computer case and take a look inside. There is only 5V and 12V
DC voltage supplied to the components outside the power supply. Those who
have never seen the inside of a computer are often amazed by how simple it
looks. Of course, still always power down and unplug the power cord
first.

Information Sheet 5.1

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 Troubleshooting Tips for New Monitors

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to know the
troubleshooting for new monitors.
Here are some basic troubles shooting tips for new monitors:

1. The picture does not appear

a. Check to make sure the signal cable is firmly connected in the
socket.
b. Check to see if the computer system's power is ON.
c. Check that the Brightness Control is at the appropriate position, not
at the minimum.

2. The Screen is not synchronized

a. Check to make sure the signal cable is firmly connected in the
socket.
b. Check that the output level matches the input level of your
computer.
c. Make sure the signal timing of the computer system is within the
specification of the monitor.

3. The position of the screen is not in the center

a. Adjust the H-Size, H-Phase or V-Size, V-Center controls.
b. Check if the signal timing of the computer system is within the
specification of the monitor.

4. The screen is too bright or too dark

a. Check if the Brightness or contrast control is at the appropriate
position, not at the maximum or minimum.
b. Check if the specified voltage is applied
c. Check if the signal timing of the computer system is within the
specification of the monitor.
d. Especially, check the horizontal frequency.

5. The screen is shaking

a. Move all objects that emit a magnetic field, such as a motor or
transformer, away from the monitor.
b. Check if the specified voltage is applied.
c. Check if the signal timing of the computer system is within the
specification of the monitor.

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 Information Sheet 5.2

Troubleshooting Tips for a Motherboard

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to know the
troubleshooting for a motherboard
More than 70% of all computer problems are related to cabling and connections.
Ensure all cables are connected and connected firmly. IDE and floppy ribbon
cables and power cables can often go loose. Ensure microprocessor, memory
modules, and adapters such as video card are inserted correctly and didn't "pop-
up" due to vibration.

System has no power at all. Power light does not illuminate, fan of
power supply does not turn on, and indicator light on keyboard does
not turn on.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Visually inspect powerMake sure power cable is
Power cable is unplugged.
cable. securely plugged in.
Visual inspection, try
Defective power cable. Replace cable.
another cable.
Power cable and wall
Power supply failure. socket are OK, but systemContact technical support
is still dead.
Use different socket, repair
Faulty wall outlet;circuitPlug device into socket
outlet, reset circuit breaker
breaker or fuse blown. know to work and test.
or replace fuse.

System inoperative. Keyboard lights are on, power indicator lights are
lit, and hard drive is spinning.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Turn off computer. TakeUsing even pressure on
Expansion card is partially cover off system unit.both ends of the
dislodged from expansionCheck all expansion cardsexpansion card, press
slot on the motherboard. to ensure they are securelydown firmly on expansion
seated in slots. card.
Turn system off.
Disconnect the cables from
one of the floppy drives.
Defective floppy disk driveTurn on the system, checkContact Technical
or tape drive. to see if the keyboardSupport.
operates normally. Repeat
until you have located
defective unit.
Make sure expansion card
Turn computer off.
Defective expansion card. is secure in expansion
Remove an expansion card.
socket.

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System does not boot from hard disk drive, can be booted from floppy
disk drive.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Check cable running form
When attempting to rundisk to disk controller on
the FDISK utility describedthe board. Make sure both
Connector between hard
in the HARD DISK section ends are securely plugged
drive and system board
of the manual you get ain; check the drive type in
unplugged.
message, INVALID DRIVEthe Standard CMOS Setup
SPECIFICATION. (in your motherboard
manual).
Format hard disk; if
Damaged Hard Disk or
unable to do so, the hardContact Technical Support.
Disk Controller.
disk may be defective.
Run the FDISK program,
format the hard drive(SeeBacking up the hard drive
Hard Disk directory or FATHARD DRIVE section ofis extremely important. All
is scrambled. manual). Copy yourHard Disks are capable of
backup data back ontobreaking down at any time.
hard drive.

System only boots from Floppy Disk. Hard Disk can be read and
applications can be used, but booting from Hard Disk is impossible.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Back up data and
applications files.
Reformat the Hard Drive as
Hard Disk boot programA number of causes could
described in the Hard Drive
has been destroyed. be behind this.
section of the manual. Re-
install applications and
data using backup disks.

Error message reading "SECTOR NOT FOUND" or other error messages

indication certain data is not allowed to be retrieved.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Back up any salvageable
data. Then do a low level
format, partition, and high
Use a file by file backup
level format of the hard
A number of causes couldinstead of an image
drive( see Hard Disk
be behind this. backup to backup the
section of your manual for
Hard Disk.
instructions). Re-install all
saved data when
completed.

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Disk formatted on IBM PS/2 will not operate with this system.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Format disk in the AT type
The IBM PS/2 uses aIBM PS/2 disk format will
computer insert disk into
different format than othernot work in an AT type
the IBM PS/2 and copy the
computers. computer.
files you wish.

After install an expansion card (network card, tape drive card, etc.) the
system no longer works properly.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Change the interrupt or
RAM address on the new
expansion card. See the
All or part of the system
documentation that came
may be inoperable. The
with the new card in order
No power to monitor. new card may work but a
to change pin settings.
mouse or COM port may
many expansion devices
not work.
come with proprietary
software that will assist
you in doing this.

Screen message says "Invalid Configuration" or "CMOS Failure."

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Incorrect information Review system's
Check the configuration
entered into the equipment. Make sure
program. Replace any
configuration (setup) correct information is in
incorrect information.
program. setup.

Screen is blank.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Check the power
connectors to monitor and
to system. Make sure
Power connectors may be
No power to monitor. monitor is connected to
loose or not plugged in.
display card, change I/O
address on network card if
applicable.
Monitor not connected to
See instructions above.
computer.
Network card I/O address
See instructions above.
conflict.

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System does not boot from hard disk drive, can be booted from floppy
disk drive.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Check cable running form
When attempting to run
disk to disk controller on
the FDISK utility described
Connector between hard the board. Make sure both
in the HARD DISK section
drive and system board ends are securely plugged
of the manual you get a
unplugged. in; check the drive type in
message, INVALID DRIVE
the Standard CMOS Setup
SPECIFICATION.
(in your

Problem

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Reboot computer. Re-
install memory, make sure
that all memory modules
Memory problem, display are installed in correct
card jumpers not set sockets. Check jumper and
correctly. switch settings on display
card. See display card
section for information of
settings.
Use anti-virus programs
(McAfee/PC-cillin, E-port,
Computer virus.
etc) to detect and clean
viruses.

Screen goes blank periodically.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Screen saver is enabled. Disable screen saver.

Keyboard failure.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Reconnect keyboard.
Check keys again, if no
Keyboard is disconnected.
improvement, replace
keyboard.

No color on screen.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

If possible, connect monitor
Faulty Monitor. to another system. If no
color, replace monitor.
CMOS incorrectly set up. Call technical support.

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Floppy drive lights stays on.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Reconnect floppy cable
making sure PIN1 on the
Floppy Drive cable not
Floppy Drive corresponds
connected correctly.
with PIN1 on floppy cable
connector.

Error reading drive A:

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Bad floppy disk. Try new floppy disk.
Format floppy disk(type
Floppy disk not formatted
ENTER)

C: drive failure.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Boot from drive A: using
SETUP program does not DOS system disk. Input
have correct information. correct information to
SETUP program.
Hard Drive cable not
Check Hard drive cable.
connected properly.

Cannot boot system after installing second hard drive.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Master/Slave jumpers not Set master /Slave jumpers
set correctly. correctly.
Run SETUP program and
Hard Drives not select correct drive types.
compatible / different Call drive manufactures for
manufacturers. compatibility with other
drives.

Missing operating system on hard drive.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
CMOS setup has been Run setup and select
changed. correct drive type.

Certain keys do not function.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Keys jammed or defective. Replace keyboard.

Keyboard is locked, no keys function.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Keyboard is locked. Unlock keyboard

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 Information Sheet 5.3

Trouble Shooting Tips after Installing a New Hard Drive

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to know the
troubleshooting tips after installing a new hard drive.

1. Basic Troubleshooting Tips after Installing a New Hard Drive

Based on Seagate IDE hard drives.

If you have installed your drive and it does not function properly, perform the
following basic checks:

Warning: Always turn off the computer before changing jumpers or

unplugging cables and cards. Wear a ground strap or use other antistatic
precautions while working on your computer or handling your drive.

 Verify compatibility. Verify that the host adapter and drive are
appropriately matched to each other and to your computer. Refer to the
relevant documentation for details.
 Check all cards. Verify that all cards are seated in their slots on the
motherboard and secured with mounting screws.
 Check all connectors and cables. Make sure all ribbon and power cables
are securely connected. Ribbon cables are easily damaged, especially at the
connector. Try a new cable that you know is good. Make sure no connector
pins are bent. Verify that pin 1 on the interface cable is aligned with pin 1 on
the drive and host adapter (see Figure 2 on page 6).
 Verify jumper settings. Review the instructions in this guide and in your
host adapter installation guide. Make sure all appropriate jumpers are
installed or removed as necessary.
 Check your power-supply specifications. Each time you add a new
device to your computer, make sure your computer's internal power supply
can support the total power demand. If necessary, consult your dealer for a
new power supply.
 Verify the drive-type settings in the system setup program. The
drive-type settings in the system BIOS must not exceed the physical
specifications of your drive. Also, the settings must not exceed the
limitations set by the operating system and BIOS.
 Check for viruses. Before you use someone else's diskette in your system
for the first time, scan the diskette for viruses.

Additional Troubleshooting Tips

If you have performed the preceding basic checks but the problem persists,
follow these guidelines for troubleshooting specific cases:
 After you install your new drive, your computer will not boot, and no error
message appears on the screen.
 The screen remains blank when you power up the system.
 The system does not recognize the drive.

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  The dealer partitioned and formatted the drive for you in the store, but the
drive does not respond when you install it.
 The system hangs in FDISK or fails to create or save the partition record.
 The system error message, "Drive not Ready," appears.
 The FDISK error message, "No Fixed Disk Present," appears.
 The drive does not format to full capacity.
 The DOS message "Disk Boot Failure," "Non-System Disk" or "No ROM Basic
- SYSTEM HALTED" appears.
 The system error message, "HDD controller failure" appears.

2. After you install your new drive, your computer will not boot, and no
error message appears on the screen.

Check your computer manual or BIOS manufacturer to determine whether

your BIOS supports drives that have more than 4,092 cylinders. If your
system has this limitation, use the following procedure to configure your
computer:

 Turn off your computer, open the case, and remove your new drive.

CAUTION: To avoid electrostatic discharge damage to your computer or

hard drive, make sure you are well grounded before touching the drive,
cable, connector or jumpers.

 Move the jumper on the alternate-capacity jumper, as shown in Figure 6.

This causes the drive to appear to your BIOS as having a 2.1-Gbyte capacity
(4,092 cylinders, 16 heads, 63 sectors per track). You may need third-party
partitioning software, such as Disk Manager, to achieve full capacity of the
drive.
 Remount your drive in the computer and replace the computer cover.
 Insert a bootable system diskette into drive A and turn on the computer. It
should boot from drive A and automatically detect the new drive as a 2.1 -
Gbyte drive.
 Insert your DiscWizard diskette into drive A and type A:XDM. Then press
ENTER. This runs the Disk Manager program.
 Follow the Disk Manager instructions to install the dynamic drive overlay
and to partition and format your new drive to its full capacity.
 After Disk Manager is done, reboot your system. You should see the Disk
Manager banner and be able to access the full capacity of your new drive.

The screen remains blank when you power up the system.

If the steps listed above do not remedy this problem, try the following:

 Make sure the monitor is plugged in and turned on.

 Check all cards.
 Make sure the video card is seated in its slot and secured with mounting
screws.
 Turn off the computer and remove the drive host adapter. If the screen
turns on after you reboot, the host adapter may be incompatible or
defective. If so, see your dealer.

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The system does not recognize the drive.

 Check all cables.

 Make sure the power supply is adequate for system needs.
 Reboot the computer and listen to make sure the drive motor starts up. If
the drive is very quiet, it may be difficult to hear its discs reach operating
speed. If the drive motor does not start up, recheck all drive cables.
 Verify that for each drive, a drive-type is listed in the system setup program.
 Try rebooting your computer by pressing the CTRL, ALT and DELETE keys
simultaneously. If the drive is recognized after you reboot the system, the
computer BIOS test may be completing before the drive is ready.
One solution is to slow the processor speed during startup. If your computer
has a turbo switch, set it to slow speed before turning the computer on. If
there is no turbo switch, you may be able to use keyboard commands; see
your computer manual for details. After the computer is up and running,
return the processor to the fast speed.
Another solution is to warm-boot your computer after every power-on.
 Check for I/O address conflicts. To isolate the conflict, verify that the drive
and host adapter are compatible with your computer. Turn off the computer
and remove all the peripheral adapter cards except for the video card and
host adapter. If the computer recognizes the drive when you reboot the
computer, turn off the computer. Reinstall the other peripheral cards, one at
a time, until the conflict reoccurs. After you have isolated the source of the
address conflict, you can resolve the conflict by changing the 1/0 address of
the peripheral that appears to cause the conflict.
 If Disk Manager has installed the DDO on your hard drive and you have
booted directly from a diskette, the information in the boot record for the
drive may not have been loaded. Make sure there is no diskette in drive A
and reboot. If you want to boot from the diskette, follow the "Booting with a
Diskette" instructions under "Advanced Disk Manager Options" on page 20.

The dealer partitioned and formatted the drive for you in the store, but
the drive does not respond when you install it.

 Reboot the computer and make sure the drive spins up.
 Check all cables.
 Make sure the power supply is adequate for system needs.
 Make sure the DOS or Windows version the dealer used to partition and
format the drive is the same version you have installed in your computer. If
it isn't, see your dealer.
 Verify the drive-type values in the system setup program. You must install
the drive using the same drive-type values your dealer used to partition the
drive.
 Check for 1/0 address conflicts between peripheral cards.
 Check for viruses.

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 The system hangs in FDISK or fails to create or save the partition
record.

 Check all cables.

 Your setup system diskette may be corrupted. Try using a backup diskette.
 Make the partitions smaller.
 Change the interrupt jumper setting on the host adapter.
 Some BIOS have a Track 0 protection feature that protects Track 0 from
viruses. This may cause FDISK to hang the system. You must disable this
feature in the system setup program before you can use FDISK. See your
computer reference guide for assistance. Be sure to re-enable this important
feature when FDISK is done.

The system error message, "Drive not Ready," appears.

 Check all cable connections. Make sure pin 1 of the drive is connected to pin
1 of the hard-disc controller or host adapter.
 Make sure the power supply is adequate for system needs.
 Reboot the computer and make sure the drive spins up.

The FDISK error message, "No Fixed Disk Present," appears.

 Make sure the power supply is adequate for system needs.

 Verify the drive-type values in the system setup program.
 Check for 1/0 address conflicts.

The drive does not format to full capacity.

 Verify the drive-type values in the system setup program. One of the
following problems may have occurred:
 The values may be set with an incorrect translation characteristic.
 You may have entered a parameter value that exceeds the physical
capacity of the drive.
 You entered a translation characteristic that does not take full advantage of
the drive's capacity.
 The drive's physical specifications exceed the translation limits imposed by
the BIOS.

CAUTION: If you change the drive-type values in the system setup program, you
must partition and format the drive again. This erases data on the drive.

 If you have partitioned the drive into individual logical drives, you
may need to make the partitions smaller to access the full drive capacity.
 If your computer supports LBA mode, you may need to enable LBA
mode in the system setup program to access the full capacity of the drive.
Refer to your computer's reference guide to find out how to enable LBA.
 Your computer may not support drives that have more than 4,092
cylinders. Follow the instructions on page 25 for after you install your new
drive, your computer will not boot, and no error message appears on the
screen.

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The DOS message "Disk Boot Failure," "Non-System Disk" or "No ROM
Basic - SYSTEM HALTED" appears.

 Reinstall the DOS system files using the DOS SYS utility.
 Check all cables.
 Use FDISK to verify that the primary partition is active.
 Check for viruses.

The system error message, "HDD controller failure" appears.

 Confirm the jumper settings on the drive.

 Verify the drive-type settings in the system setup program.

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 Information Sheet 5.4

Troubleshooting Tips for Network Card

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to know the
troubleshooting for Network Card.

1. If you can't connect to a server or if Windows reports an error after

you double-click Network Neighborhood, try the following first:
 Make sure you're using the drivers that are on the drivers disk that ships
with the network interface card (NIC).
 Make sure the driver is loaded and the protocols are bound. Check the
Device Properties list for trouble indicators (an "X" or "!" symbol).
 Test the NIC adapter with the diagnostic utilities that often came with the
driver installation.
 Check with your LAN administrator - you may need to install additional
networking software.

2. If the problem persists, follow these guidelines:

 Make sure the cable is installed properly. The network cable must be
securely attached at both RJ45 connections (adapter and hub). The
maximum allowable distance from adapter to hub is 100 meters. If the
cable is attached and the distance is within acceptable limits but the
problem persists, try a different cable. If you're directly connecting two
computers without a hub or switch, use a crossover cable.
 Try another network cable.
 Check the LED Lights on the NIC . Before the LEDs can be used for
troubleshooting, the network interface card (NIC) must be connected
to the network and the network driver must be installed. Most NICs
come with LEDs near the connection. The meaning of the LED signals
may be different from one manufacturer to the other. Here is a
common LED description for 3COM 10/100BT dual speed NIC. Please
consult your NIC manual for any difference.
LED Description Flashing Steady (On) Off
10 Reversed Good 10BTNo connection
Green: Link integrity
LNK polarity connection between NIC & hub
100 Reversed Good 100BTNo connection
Green: Link integrity
LNK polarity connection between NIC & hub
Yellow: Port traffic forNetwork trafficHeavy network
ACT No traffic
either speed present traffic

3. The computer hangs when the drivers are loaded.

 Change the PCI BIOS interrupt settings. See your NIC and system manuals
for more details.
 If you are using EMM386, it must be version 4.49 or newer.

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4. Diagnostics pass, but the connection fails or errors occur.
 At 100BT, use Category 5 wiring and make sure that the network cable is
securely attached.
 At 100BT, connect to a 100BT hub/switch (not 100Base-T4).
 For NetWare, make sure you specify the correct frame type in your
NET.CFG file.
 Make sure the duplex mode setting on the adapter matches the setting on
the switch.

5. The LNK LED doesn't light.

 Make sure you've loaded the network drivers.
 Check all connections at the adapter and the hub/switch.
 Try another port on the hub/switch.
 Make sure the duplex mode setting on the adapter matches the setting on
the hub/switch.
 Make sure you have the correct type of cable between the adapter and the
hub. 100Base-TX requires two pairs. Some hubs require a crossover cable
while others require a straight-through cable.

6. The ACT LED doesn't light.

 Make sure you've loaded the correct network drivers.
 The network may be idle. Try accessing a server.
 The adapter isn't transmitting or receiving data. Try another adapter.
 Make sure you're using two-pair cable for TX wiring.

7. The adapter stopped working without apparent cause.

 Run the diagnostics program that came with the NIC.
 Try reseating the NIC in its slot, or try a different slot if necessary.
 The network driver files may be corrupt or missing. Remove the drivers and
then reinstall them.

8. The Wake on LAN (WOL) feature is not working.

 Make sure the WOL cable is attached and that power is being applied to the
computer.
 Check the BIOS for its WOL setting. Some computers may need to be
configured for WOL.
 Make sure the network cable is fully attached to the adapter.

9. Crossover cable troubleshooting tips.

When you work with network cabling, concentrators (hubs or switch), and NICs
from different venders, it is possible to connect everything and still have no
communication between file servers and workstations.
When there are several unknown variables, it is difficult to determine which
component is broken. Use these tips to isolate the problem.
 Determine whether your equipment complies with the 10Base-T or
100Base-TX standard. This is particularly important for hubs and
switches.
 Connect a straight-through cable from the PC to the hub. The hub
performs an internal crossover so that the signal can go from TD+ to RD+

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 and TD- to RD- (see How to Make Network Cables). When you look at an RJ-
45 connector from the front, pin 1 is identified on the left-hand side when
the metal contacts are facing up.

 Make sure that the TD+ and TD- wires are twisted together , and
that the RD+ and RD- wires are twisted together.Using wires from
opposing pairs can cause signals to be lost. For a 100Base-TX cable, pins
#1 and #2 , and #3 and #6 must be on the same twisted strand.

10. When there is doubt whether a hub is performing correctly, or if the

impedance settings are in question, a crossover cable can help you
isolate the failing component:
 Connect a file server and a client PC back to back with a crossover cable to
verify that the NIC and network operating system are properly configured.
 To make a crossover cable, simple connect TD+ to RD+ and TD- to RD-.
The cable performs the crossover that is usually performed by the hub.
Make sure that two twisted-pair wires are used. If the file server and client
PC function together as a small network, then either the existing cabling or
the hub is the problem.
 If there is a proper crossover, the appropriate LED comes on. If there is a
straight-through connection, the LED does not light. A blinking LED
indicates that there is a polarity mismatch (that is, TD+ to RD- instead of
TD+ to RD+).

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 Information Sheet 5.5

Troubleshooting Tips for Sound Card

Learning Objective:

After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to know the
troubleshooting tips for soundcard.

No sound is heard from audio (music) CDs

Various conditions may cause this problem. To troubleshoot, check the following:

 Microsoft Volume Control or your mixer programs mute options and volume
sliders.
 Connect headphones to the stereo phone jack on your CD-ROM drive’s front
panel; adjust the volume control settings on the drive. If there is sound from
your headphones, check the CD audio cable connection from the CD-ROM
drive to the audio card.
 Ensure the speakers are properly connected to the audio card’s output
connector.

Joystick port is not working

To troubleshoot, check the following:

 The audio card joystick port conflicts with another joystick port in the system.
Disable the audio card joystick port, and use the system’s joystick port.
 The joystick drivers, MSJSTICK.DRV and VJOYD.VXD, may not be installed.
Uninstall the joystick, then reinstall to load the drivers. The drivers should
come with the driver CD or floppy diskette with your sound card.

Computer hangs or restarts during installation

A hardware conflict may cause the computer to hang or restart during the
installation procedure. Check the following to resolve the conflict:

 A hardware conflict with another device in your system.

 Previously installed sound card hardware or software needs to be removed.
 The audio card is not seated in the slot properly.
 PCI bus mastering devices may be interfering with the operation of the audio
card. Temporarily remove non-essential PCI bus mastering devices.

Resolving hardware conflicts

Hardware conflicts occur when two or more devices contend for the same
resources. Conflicts between your audio card and another device may occur
regarding the I/O address, IRQ line, or DMA channel:

1. Right-click the My Computer icon on your desktop, and select Properties.

The System Properties dialog appears.

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 2. Click the Device Manager tab. In the Device Manager, a plus sign(+)
represents an expandable list of items. A minus sign (-) represents an
expanded list. A circled exclamation mark denotes a conflict.
3. Double-click Sound, video, game controllers. A list of multimedia devices
appears.
4. Select your audio card.
5. Choose the Properties button.
6. Click the Resources tab.
7. Uncheck the Use automatic settings option.
8. Change "Settings based on:" if alternate settings are available.
9. Determine the conflict by reviewing the "Conflicting device list".
10.Select the conflicting item in the "Resource Settings" list.
11.Click the Change Settings button.
12.Use the mouse to select a new setting.
13.Select OK to close each of the properties windows, and restart your
computer.

Audio card is not automatically detected

To manually configure your audio card for Windows 95/98:

1. Click "Start" on the taskbar, and select Settings from the Start menu.
2. Select Control Panel. The Control Panel group appears.
3. Double-click the Add New Hardware icon. The Add New Hardware Wizard
dialog appears.
4. Select Next to continue.
5. Choose Yes to have Windows search for new hardware, then select Next
6. Select Next to continue.
7. Select Finish, and follow the prompts to complete the new hardware
installation.

CD does not automatically run when you insert it in the drive

To enable the "Audio insert notification" feature:

1. Right-click the My Computer icon on your desktop, and select Properties.

The System Properties dialog appears.
2. Click the Device Manager tab. A list of devices appears.
3. Double-click CD-ROM, and select your CD-ROM drive.
4. Choose the Properties button. The CD-ROM drive properties dialog
appears.
5. Choose the Settings tab.
6. Click the "Auto insert notification" option to enable.
7. Select OK until all Properties dialogs are closed, and restart Windows for
the changes to take effect.

No sound is heard from speakers

Verify the following:

 Check the Microsoft Volume Control or the Audio Mixer Program mute
options and volume sliders.
 Ensure the speakers are properly connected to the audio card’s output
connector.

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  Check the volume control and power connection of the speakers, if they
are amplified. (Refer to the speakers documentation for detailed
information).
 Ensure a hardware conflict does not exist between your audio card and
another device in your system.
 PCI bus mastering devices may be interfering with the operation of the
audio card. Temporarily remove non-essential PCI bus mastering
devices. If the device is a display card, upgrade the display card drivers,
or set the card to the default Windows VGA mode.
If you are experiencing no sound only during audio CD playback, see "No sound
is heard from audio (music) CDs" above.

Static sounds are heard in wave files

Check to see if the static sounds are heard in all wave files. If the difficulty
occurs only with certain games, refer to the software manufacturer’s
documentation. To troubleshoot static sounds heard in all wave files:

 Try different resource settings for the audio card, or set the card to use
low DMA.
 Move the audio card to another PCI slot. Feedback from the power supply
or another device may be responsible.

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 Information Sheet 5.6

Tech Acronyms

Learning Objectives:

After Reading this information sheet you will be able to know the different
Computer and Internet acronyms.

Computer and Internet acronyms

Acronyms Meanings

ACL Access Control List

ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter
ADF Automatic Document Feeder
ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
AGP Accelerated Graphics Port
AIFF Audio Interchange File Format
AIX Advanced Interactive Executive
ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit
ANSI American National Standards Institute
API Application Program Interface
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASP Active Server Page or Application Service Provider
ATA Advanced Technology Attachment
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
BASIC Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
Bcc Blind Carbon Copy
BIOS Basic Input/Output System
Blob Binary Large Object
BMP Bitmap
BSOD Blue Screen of Death
CAD Computer-Aided Design
Cc Carbon Copy
CCD Charged Coupled Device
CD Compact Disc
CD-R Compact Disc Recordable
CD-ROM Compact Disc Read-Only Memory

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CD-RW Compact Disc Re-Writable
CDFS Compact Disc File System
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CGI Common Gateway Interface
CISC Complex Instruction Set Computing
CLOB Character Large Object
CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CMS Content Management System
CMYK Cyan Magenta Yellow Black
CPA Cost Per Action
CPC Cost Per Click
CPL Cost Per Lead
CPM Cost Per 1,000 Impressions
CPS Classroom Performance System
CPU Central Processing Unit
CRM Customer Relationship Management
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
CSS Cascading Style Sheet
CTP Composite Theoretical Performance
CTR Click-Through Rate
DAC Digital-to-Analog Converter
DAW Digital Audio Workstation
DBMS Database Management System
DCIM Digital Camera IMages
DDL Data Definition Language
DDR Double Data Rate
DDR2 Double Data Rate 2
DDR3 Double Data Rate Type 3
DFS Distributed File System
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DIMM Dual In-Line Memory Module
DLC Downloadable Content
DLL Dynamic Link Library
DMA Direct Memory Access
DNS Domain Name System
DOS Disk Operating System
DPI Dots Per Inch
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
DRM Digital Rights Management
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
DTD Document Type Definition
DV Digital Video
DVD Digital Versatile Disc
DVD+R Digital Versatile Disc Recordable
DVD+RW Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable
DVD-R Digital Versatile Disc Recordable
DVD-RAM Digital Versatile Disc Random Access Memory
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DVD-RW Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable
DVI Digital Video Interface
DVR Digital Video Recorder
ECC Error Correction Code
EDI Electronic Data Interchange
EIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics
EPS Encapsulated PostScript
EUP Enterprise Unified Process
EXIF Exchangeable Image File Format
FAQ Frequently Asked Questions
FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FIFO First In, First Out
FiOS Fiber Optic Service
FLOPS Floating Point Operations Per Second
FPU Floating Point Unit
FSB Frontside Bus
FTP File Transfer Protocol
Gbps Gigabits Per Second
GIF Graphics Interchange Format
GIGO Garbage In, Garbage Out
GIS Geographic Information Systems
GPS Global Positioning System
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
GUI Graphical User Interface
GUID Globally Unique Identifier
HDD Hard Disk Drive
HDMI High-Definition Multimedia Interface
HDTV High Definition Televsion
HDV High-Definition Video
HFS Hierarchical File System
HSF Heat Sink and Fan
HTML Hyper-Text Markup Language
HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
HTTPS HyperText Transport Protocol Secure
I/O Input/Output
ICANN Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers
ICF Internet Connection Firewall
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
ICS Internet Connection Sharing
ICT Information and Communication Technologies
Integrated Device Electronics or Integrated Development
IDE
Environment
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IGP Integrated Graphics Processor
IM Instant Message
IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol
InterNIC Internet Network Information Center
IP Internet Protocol

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IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange
IRC Internet Relay Chat
IRQ Interrupt Request
ISA Industry Standard Architecture
iSCSI Internet Small Computer Systems Interface
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ISP Internet Service Provider
IT Information Technology
IVR Interactive Voice Response
JFS Journaled File System
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
JRE Java Runtime Environment
JSF JavaServer Faces
JSON JavaScript Object Notation
JSP Java Server Page
Kbps Kilobits Per Second
KDE K Desktop Environment
KVM Switch Keyboard, Video, and Mouse Switch
LAMP Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP
LAN Local Area Network
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LED Light-Emitting Diode
LIFO Last In, First Out
LPI Lines Per Inch
LTE Long Term Evolution
LUN Logical Unit Number
MAC Address Media Access Control Address
MAMP Mac OS X, Apache, MySQL, and PHP
MANET Mobile Ad Hoc Network
Mbps Megabits Per Second
MBR Master Boot Record
MCA Micro Channel Architecture
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MIPS Million Instructions Per Second
MMS Multimedia Messaging Service
MP3 MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
MTU Maximum Transmission Unit
NAT Network Address Translation
NetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System
NIC Network Interface Card
NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol
NOC Network Operations Center
NTFS New Technology File System
NUI Natural User Interface
NVRAM Non-Volatile Random Access Memory
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 Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information
OASIS
Standards
OCR Optical Character Recognition
ODBC Open Database Connectivity
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OLAP Online Analytical Processing
OLE Object Linking and Embedding
OOP Object-Oriented Programming
OSD On Screen Display
OSPF Open Shortest Path First
P2P Peer To Peer
PC Personal Computer
PCB Printed Circuit Board
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCI-X Peripheral Component Interconnect Extended
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PDF Portable Document Format
PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
PIM Personal Information Manager
PMU Power Management Unit
PNG Portable Network Graphic
POP3 Post Office Protocol
POST Power On Self Test
PPC Pay Per Click
PPGA Plastic Pin Grid Array
PPI Pixels Per Inch
PPL Pay Per Lead
PPM Pages Per Minute
PPP Point to Point Protocol
PPPoE Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
PRAM Parameter Random Access Memory
PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory
PS/2 Personal System/2
PUM Potentially Unwanted Modification
PUP Potentially Unwanted Program
QBE Query By Example
RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RAM Random Access Memory
RDF Resource Description Framework
RDRAM Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory
RFID Radio-Frequency Identification
RGB Red Green Blue
RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computing
ROM Read-Only Memory
RPC Remote Procedure Call
RPM Revenue Per 1,000 Impressions

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RSS RDF Site Summary
RTE Runtime Environment
RTF Rich Text Format
RUP Rational Unified Process
SaaS Software as a Service
SAN Storage Area Network
SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
SCSI Small Computer System Interface
SD Secure Digital
SDK Software Development Kit
SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line
SEO Search Engine Optimization
SERP Search Engine Results Page
SIMM Single In-Line Memory Module
SIP Session Initiation Protocol
SKU Stock Keeping Unit
SLA Software License or Service Level Agreement
SLI Scalable Link Interface
SMART Self-Monitoring Analysis And Reporting Technology
SMB Server Message Block
SMM Social Media Marketing
SMS Short Message Service
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SO-DIMM Small Outline Dual In-Line Memory Module
SOA Service Oriented Architecture
SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol
SQL Structured Query Language
SRAM Static Random Access Memory
sRGB Standard Red Green Blue
SSD Solid State Drive
SSH Secure Shell
SSID Service Set Identifier
SSL Secure Sockets Layer
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TFT Thin-Film Transistor
TIFF Tagged Image File Format
TTL Time To Live
TWAIN Toolkit Without An Informative Name
UAT User Acceptance Testing
UDDI Universal Description Discovery and Integration
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UGC User Generated Content
UML Unified Modeling Language
UNC Universal Naming Convention
UPnP Universal Plug and Play
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
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URI Uniform Resource Identifier
URL Uniform Resource Locator
USB Universal Serial Bus
UTF Unicode Transformation Format
VCI Virtual Channel Identifier
VDSL Very High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line
VDU Visual Display Unit
VFAT Virtual File Allocation Table
VGA Video Graphics Array
VLB VESA Local Bus
VLE Virtual Learning Environment
VoIP Voice Over Internet Protocol
VPI Virtual Path Identifier
VPN Virtual Private Network
VRAM Video Random Access Memory
VRML Virtual Reality Modeling Language
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
WAIS Wide Area Information Server
WAMP Windows, Apache, MySQL, and PHP
WAN Wide Area Network
WDDM Windows Display Driver Model
WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy
Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
WINS Windows Internet Name Service
WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access
WWW World Wide Web
XHTML Extensible Hypertext Markup Language
XML Extensible Markup Language
XSLT Extensible Style Sheet Language Transformation
Y2K Year 2000
ZIF Zero Insertion Force

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 Information Sheet 5.7

Computer Virus

What is a computer virus?

A Computer Virus is a kind of malicious software written intentionally to enter a

computer without the user's permission or knowledge, with an ability to replicate
itself, thus continuing to spread.

How do computer viruses reach you?

Different types of computer viruses would reach you through the normal web
activities like,
1. Opening email attachments from fake accounts.
2. Clicking inappropriate internet advertisements without understanding fully.
3. Installing/downloading the free games, tool-bars or system utilities.
4. Visiting an infected webpage
5. Setting up of software without license agreements and so on.

Not only with web activities, if you are not running the latest updates of your
operating system and not using the good antivirus software, computer viruses
would reach you easily.

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Types computer viruses

Many types of viruses are present and some popular viruses types are:

1. Macro Virus
Macro virus is a type of email virus which mainly targets to infect the programs that
contain Macros like Microsoft office files. These are mini programs which have the
power to infect the template and document of that file.

2. Memory resident virus

Memory resident virus automatically fixes themselves in the computer memory and
if the operating system started to run, it gets activated. It hideout in the computer
memory and allocates space to execute its own code. It can easily corrupt the files
which are recently used.

3. Multipartite Virus
Multipartite virus spreads in multiple ways and infects the programming files. They
used to hide in the memory like Memory resident virus and do infect the hard disk.

4. Polymorphic Virus
Polymorphic virus are the powerful virus which might guards itself with encryption
algorithm and has the tendency to change automatically when certain conditions
are meet. Because of having encrypting capability, it is tough to find it by even with
an antivirus program.

5. FAT virus

FAT virus spoils the file allocation system section (Information where the location of
files and the details of the available spaces are stored) and might cause crucial
damage to it. It would result in defeating the individual files or complete directories.
Not only these! There are still some common types of computer viruses like Web
scripting viruses, Boot sector viruses, time/logic bombs, direct action viruses, Trojan
horse virus, Root kits, spywares and worms have affinity to disrupts the computer
operation.

Most dangerous computer viruses

In late 1980’s, computer viruses has started to born. Did you know about the
first computer virus? It is “The Brain” released from Pakistan in the year 1986. So
the 25th anniversary of the first PC virus was marked in 2011. The danger rating of
the first computer virus is very low, but the most dangerous viruses came into
existence in 1990’s. Let’s check some worst types of computer viruses now.

1. Code red
A powerful worm named “Code red” had made the anti-virus researchers in
hindrance and it infected millions of computers and lakhs of servers. It took
advantage in Microsoft internet information server too and was first detected by the
employees of eEye digital security. It is not necessary to open an email attachment
or execute a file, it catches your PC if you open a specific webpage.

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2. Melissa
Melissa is a well-known worm which infected the MS word document files through
email attachments using MS outlook. This virus caused a serious destruction to the
computers in 1999 and the damage was estimated in millions of dollars. It had made
the popular concerns like Intel and Microsoft temporarily to shut down.

3. My doom
My doom was considered a powerful virus in 2004 as it had the proficiency to stop
accessing the antivirus program by the operating system. This virus spread through
email with the text “Mail transaction failed” and gets downloaded into the system
once the message got clicked. Millions of computers were infested through this virus
and loss was estimated in billions.

4. Nimda
Nimda virus had risen in the year 2001 and it is just the reverse form of the word
“Admin”. This virus targeted to slow down the internet traffic and it propagated to
the system in different ways through emails, while sharing files, server weakness
etc. Once this worm gets activated on the computer, the attacker would have the
full control to the system if certain conditions are meet.

5. Conficker
Conficker is the widespread internet virus and so the anti-virus researchers called it
as “Super worm”. Microsoft operating systems was targeted by this dangerous virus
and so millions of computer which had vulnerable Windows OS had hit by it. This
worst virus might spread through removable drives and assembled in such a way to
take the financial and other vital data from the system.If you’re are using computer
from long, then you might be aware of some other worst types of viruses ike I love
you (2000), Stuxnet (2009), agent.btz (2008), SQL Slammer (2003) and Blackworm
(2006).

Types of computer viruses in 2012

Now, do check some types of computer viruses which caused significant damage to
the computers in the year 2012.
Shamoon

Shamoon was discovered in August 2012 that has been used for cyber spying. It
infects the system runs on Windows NT, Windows me and Windows 9x. The attacker
uses the “dropper” function to spread in the network to the hard disk of the
computer so that to compile the list of files on attacked computers. Then the
attacker receives the data with the help of “reporter” program. “Wiper” is the

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function used to erase the involved files and this might create problems in booting
by overwriting action.

Gauss
Gauss is the highly destructive computer worm which was intentionally created to
steal the data from Middle-east banks. It was discovered in June 2012 by a Russian
lab and it affected thousands of computers. It can infect the USB drives and
collected information will be stored as a hidden file on the removable drives.

DNS changer
Cyber-criminals created this virus to redirect the internet traffic to a phishing
website. The DNS changer computer virus modified the Domain Name System (DNS)
configuration of computers and redirects the users to a specific website. FBI got
involved in this virus and the interim servers were official shutdown on July 9, 2012.

Belgian
Belgian is the worst computer virus spreads through spam emails or hacked
webpages. It locked the computers and then asked for some money to unlock the
data. This global virus has the power to gain the remote access to computers to
track the files and launch the malware when Windows gets started.

Flame
Flame is the complex malware found in 2012 which used Bluetooth to send
commands. It was discovered in Russian lab and it grabs the data from chats, emails
and screenshots. It steal sensitive data and infects many computers in Iran and
Middle east countries.
Many types of computer viruses are created everyday and the new computer virus
like Ransomware (freezes the PC and ask to pay ransom to unlock) have started to
cause damage to the computer this year. Even though the anti-virus researches are
working to prevent these actions with powerful anti-virus software, cyber-criminals
are tactically creating the malware.

Symptoms of an infected computer

Computer virus symptoms are a not cast in stone, but rather a moving target. Just
like with the human viral conditions, they evolve through generations – which in
computer technology terms may mean weeks or even days. Some symptoms may
not necessarily mean an infection – for example, if you are sneezing, you do not
necessarily have a flu, it may be just an allergy – which means different cause, and
different treatment methods. Same with computers – if your system seems to be
slower than usual, it may be a symptom of a virus, but it may also be a symptom of
“program overload” – when you have too many programs running at once, and it
crashes your computer system’s performance.

With that in mind, let’s go over some of the most common symptoms that can alert
you to the potential virus within your computer system, or even your computer
network, presented here in no particular order.

1. Hardware Troubles – It’s Alive!

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If sudden sounds of the CD-ROM tray opening completely out if its own will give you
the heebie jeebies, I don’t blame you! If your hardware – computer, printer, etc. –
started acting up on its own, without you requesting any action by means of
keyboard or mouse, you are likely having a virus in your computer system. When
you work on the computer, especially if you are performing some actions by using
programs, your hard drive is expected to be making some noises.

If you are not doing anything, and your computer seems to be putting in extra effort
and looks like it is communicating with 8th dimension completely by itself, consider
an emergency antivirus scan.

2. No Response – Is Anyone Home?

We’ve all been there: working away, and then BAM – nothing happens! You can’t
move your mouse, the keyboard does zilch, you go into panic mode “ouch, did I
save that document I was writing for the past 2 hours?”…. (Now, in the voice of
“desperate housewives narrator: “Yes. We all had the frozen iceberg for a computer
before”). Lockup alone may not necessarily mean you have a virus – it could also be
a symptom of a desperate need for a cleanup (we will be going over it in another
article) – but if it presents itself in array of other symptoms, be on a lookout for a
virus.

Check out our Computer Keeps Freezing section for more info

3. Slow Performance – Are We There yet?

If you notice that certain actions take much longer then usual, you should be
concerned. As in the previous paragraphs – you must account for specifics of certain
files and programs when making a judgment of the slow performance: one PDF
document may take much longer time to open simply because it is of a much larger
size, and it will not be indicative of the computer virus.
However, keep in mind that some viruses can reproduce and multiply your files and
overcrowd disk space, overloading disk usage. In another example, when you are
browsing your documents folders and you notice that it takes – unusually – longer to
browse from one folder to another, or if it takes more and more time to open the
same program, you should be on a lookout for other computer virus symptoms.

4. Slow Startup – Easy doesn’t.

Another important symptom of a computer virus is a slow startup. Do not confuse it
with wishful thinking. As a collective, we are impatient beings. Did you ever catch
yourself pushing an elevator button, mumbling to yourself, “It must be the slowest
elevator ever”? My point exactly! When considering the startup process – think of
the typical (however slow you may feel it is) to the actual startup time. Does it seem
to be much slower then usual? Does it seem to just sit there, and not even a blink or
a squeak happens?

If it takes way too long, then it may be a symptom of a viral infection in your
computer.

5. Crashing – Crash and Burn, Baby!

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When your computer crashes spontaneously, be careful. After computer restarts,
you may notice it does not seem to run normally. If it self-restarts frequently, every
few minutes – beware of a virus. This symptom alone may indicate that your system
is infected. If your computer crashed, best course of action – Do Not Resuscitate and
call your IT support company.

6. Missing files – Gone With the Wind…

When you notice that applications on your computer do not work correctly, you may
also notice some of your files are missing. That includes different types of files.
Some may be the files that you created, such as images or documents you had
saved on your drive. You may physically notice absence of those when you actually
look for them and can’t seem to find them anywhere. As a result of computer virus
infection your computer may also be missing system files. As a user, you may not
know what they are and may not notice they are gone, however, if you are trying to
use certain applications (browser, email client, document editor, etc.) sometimes
those application will refuse to run properly and pop up a warning for you that
“critical file is missing” – usually accompanied by the name of the file that is MIA –
alerting you to a loss of some files.

7. Disks or Disk Drives Are Not Accessible – Who Ate My Porridge?

If you are loosing the network connection – or worse yet cannot connect to the USB
drive you just plugged in, or you go to My Computer and only see one drive instead
of your usual X number of drives, you may be in trouble. If you cannot connect to
all, some of the drives or cannot access your CD-ROM, it may be one of the
symptoms indicating your computer is infected.

8. Extra Files – Who Sat In My Chair?

You may visually notice extra pop ups and extra programs that seem to be running
on your computer, especially on startup. You may notice (if you check for it) that
your disk space suddenly quadrupled in size without you making 200 copies of your
vacation photos folder on your C: drive.

9. Printer Issues – Is This Thing On?

If you cannot get your documents to print correctly, or cannot print at all, you may
be dealing with a virus. First, rule out your printer not being turned on. Next, ensure
it is connected to your network and is not offline. If it turned on and it is online
(connected to your network), and you still have problems with printer, your
computer system may have a virus and may affect not just your drive, but you
network, as well.

10. Unusual Error Messages – Did You See That?

This may include gibberish messages, messages you hadn’t seen before, undesired
ad messages and such. Special attention must be paid to messages that disguise
themselves as anti-virus warning messages. They are designed to trick you into
thinking that you are at risk, and must take action to protect your computer system.
Sometimes that is how the virus introduces itself into the system, and sometimes it
may already be in your system, and that is how it takes over it, making your more

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and more vulnerable, and doing further damage to your computer. Again, when you
are in doubt, it is best to call professional computer Support Company.

How to Protect Your Computer With Antivirus Software

Antivirus software protects your computer from worms, Trojan horses and many
other types of threats. Without a antivirus application your computer is
vulnerable to these types of attacks.
Steps
1. Decide if you want to spend some extra money and pay for your antivirus
software or use a free antivirus application.

If you decide to pay for your antivirus software you can buy it directly from the
antivirus company or head out to your local store with a electronic section and
buy it there.

If you decide to download a free antivirus application you can download it from
directly from the antivirus company's website. If you have dial-up internet it may
take hours to download.

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2. Run the installer for your antivirus application. Follow all steps exactly as the
installer says too. About all antivirus installers setup the antivirus application
for maximum protection.

3. Once installed it is a good idea to check for updates if the installer did not do
it during the installation.

4. Once everything is setup and updated it is also a good idea to run a scan and
remove any virus that may have been on your computer before the antivirus
application was installed.

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 Self- Check ____
(Information Sheet 1.1)

Computer Basics

(Identification) : ( Identify the term being described for each of the

following)

1. An input device used with graphical user interfaces (GUI) to

point to, select, or activate images on the video monitor.
2. Is the hardware within a computer that carries out the
instructions of a computer program by performing the basic
arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the
system?
3. A hard copy output device that applies data to paper.

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4. is also known as a "computer chassis", "tower", "system
unit", "base unit" or simply "case". Also sometimes
incorrectly referred to as the "CPU" or "hard drive"
5. Converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for
the internal components of a computer.
6. The most powerful computers in terms of performance and
data processing.
7. Are any physical part of the computer which include all the
internal components and also the external part like the
monitor and the keyboard.
8. It holds many of the crucial electronic components of the
system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and
memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.
9. Is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do
such as a web browser, media player or word processor.
10. Is an electronic device that manipulates information, or
"data." the computer sees data as one's and zero's but he
knows how to combined them into more complex things such
as a photograph, a movie, a website, a game and much
more.

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 ANSWER KEY ____
(Computer Basics)

1. Computer Mouse / Mouse

2. Central processing Unit (CPU)
3. Printer
4. Computer Case
5. Power Supply Unit (PSU) / Power Supply
6. Super Computer
7. Hardware
8. Motherboard
9. Software
10. Computer

Information Sheet 1.2

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 (Occupational Health and Safety)

(Situational) : ( Answer the following question regarding

Occupational health and safety)

1. Why is it important to wear Personal Protective Equipment in

the workplace?
2. How will you disperse static electricity before assembling a
computer?
3. What will you use to cleaning the computer system?
4. Why do we need to identify Hazard/risks in the workplace?
5. What will you do first before assembling or dissemble your
computer?

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 ANSWER KEY ____
(Occupational Health and Safety)

1. To protect the user against health or safety risks at work.

2. Use anti-static devices and rubber footwear.
3. Use brush, compressed air or blower in cleaning the
computer system.
4. To minimize or eliminate risk to co-workers, workplace and
environment.
5. Always power off and unplug the computer before working
on it.

(Information Sheet 1.3)

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 Used of Hand Tools

(Identification) : ( Identify what is this tool.. tell what is that tool for)

 Multimeter - used to test the integrity of circuits and the

quality of electricity in computer components.

 Anti-static wrist strap - used to prevent ESD damage to

computer equipment

 Flashlight - used to light up areas that you cannot see

well.

 Needle-nose pliers - used to hold small parts.

 Wire cutter - used to strip and cut wires.

 Compressed air - used to blow away dust and debris

from different computer parts without touching the
components.

 Cable ties - used to bundle cables neatly inside and

outside of a computer.

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 (Information Sheet 1.3)

Motherboard Parts Identification

TASK SHEET _____

Title: Parts Identification

Performance Objective: Given (condition), you should be able to

(performance) following (standard).

Supplies/Materials : Motherboard

Equipment : Motherboard

Steps/Procedure:
1. Identify each part of the motherboard
2. What is the function of that part

Assessment Method: oral questioning

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 Information Sheet 1.7

Power Supply Unit

(Identification) : ( Identify what is the value or meaning of the following

color codes of the PSU)

Yellow

Red

Orange

Black

Purple

Green

Grey

White

Blue

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 ANSWER KEY ____
Power Supply Unit

Yellow: +12V
Red: +5V
Orange: +3.3V
Black: Ground
Purple: 5V SB (standby voltage)
Green: /PS_ON (it can be shorted to ground to start PSU)
Grey: PWR_OK (status signal generated by PSU to indicate
voltages are OK)
White: -5V (optional on newer ATX-2 PSUs)
Blue: -12V

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 Information Sheet 1.8

Steps to a Safe and Successful Disassembly and Assembly

TASK SHEET _____

Title: Assemble and Disassemble

Performance Objective: Given (assemble and dissemble a

computer), you should be able to (identify
each parts and function) following (steps to
a safe and successful disassemble and
disassemble process).

Supplies/Materials : Anti-static strap/screw driver

Equipment : system unit (desktop computer)

Steps/Procedure:
1. Disassemble the computer
2. Assemble the Computer
3. Identify the parts of the computer
4. Identify the function of the parts of the computer

Assessment Method: actual/oral questioning

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 Learning Outcome 2

Making ISO Image Using Power ISO

TASK SHEET _____

Title: Making ISO image using PowerISO

Performance Objective: Given (use powerISO to make an ISO

image), you should be able to (create ISO
image) following (The step in making ISO
image).

Supplies/Materials : PowerISO

Equipment : system unit (desktop computer)

Steps/Procedure:
1. Download PowerISO
2. Install PowerISO
3. Create ISO image

Assessment Method: actual/oral questioning

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 Creating Bootable Flash Drive using Rufus

TASK SHEET _____

Title: Creating Bootable Flash drive using Rufus

Performance Objective: Given (use Rufus to make a bootable

flash drive), you should be able to (create a
bootable flash drive) following (The step in
making bootable flash drive).

Supplies/Materials : Rufus/flash drive 4gb or higher

Equipment : system unit (desktop computer)

Steps/Procedure:
1. Download Rufus
2. Install Rufus
3. Create Bootable flash drive using Rufus

Assessment Method: actual/oral questioning

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 Installing Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard x64 bit

TASK SHEET _____

Title: Installing Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard x64 bit

Performance Objective: Given (Install Windows Server 2008 R2),

you should be able to (Install Windows
Server) following (The step in Installing
Windows 2008 R2).

Supplies/Materials : Bootable Flash Drive (Windows Server

2008 R2)

Equipment : system unit (desktop computer)

Steps/Procedure:
1. Change the BIOS boot order so the USB device option is listed
first.
2. Create a partition for the hard drive;
Drive C: 40 %
Drive D: 60 %
3. Install Windows Server 2008 R2
4. Put password : asian@12345

Assessment Method: actual/oral questioning

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 Learning Outcome 3

TASK SHEET _____

Title: Install Application Software

Performance Objective: Given (Install Application Software),

you should be able to (Install: WinRAR,
Network device Driver and Kingsoft )
following (steps to install; WinRAR,
Network device Driver and Kingsoft
process).

Supplies/Materials : WinRAR, Network device Driver and

Kingsoft

Equipment : system unit (desktop computer)

Steps/Procedure:
1. Install winRAR
2. Install Network device driver
3. Install kingsoft office

Assessment Method: actual/oral questioning

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