University of Jammu

JKSET (2021-22)

Syllabus

Subject: Electronic Science Subject Code: 14

UNIT-I
Introduction to Semiconductor, energy bands in solids, concept of effective mass, density of states, Fermi
levels. PN Junction, Diode equation and diode equivalent circuit, Breakdown in diodes, Zener diode, Tunnel
diode, Metal semiconductor junction – Ohmic and Schottky contacts, Characteristics and equivalent circuits
of JFET, MOSFET. Low dimensional semiconductor devices – quantum wells, quantum wires, quantum dots.
High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT), Solar cells – I-V characteristics, fill factor and efficiency, LED,
LCD and flexible display devices.
Emerging materials for future Devices: Graphene, Carbon Nano tubes (CNT), ZnO, SiC etc.

UNIT-II
IC fabrication – crystal growth, epitaxy, oxidation, lithography, doping, etching, isolation methods,
metallization, bonding, Thin film deposition and characterization Techniques: XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, Thin
film active and passive devices, MOS technology and VLSI, scaling of MOS devices, NMOS and CMOS
structures and fabrication, Characteristics of MOS transistors and threshold voltage, NMOS and CMOS
inverters, Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) – structure, charge storage and transfer, Basics of VLSI design,
stick diagrams, Layout design rules.

UNIT-III
Superposition, Thevenin, Norton and Maximum Power Transfer Theorems, Network elements, Network
graphs, Nodal and Mesh analysis. Laplace Transform, Fourier Transform and Z-transform. Time and
frequency domain response, Passive filters, Two-port Network Parameters : Z, Y, ABCD and h parameters,
Transfer functions, Signal representation, State variable method of circuit analysis, AC circuit analysis,
Transient analysis, Zero and Poles, Bode Plots. Continuous time signals, Fourier Series and Fourier transform
representations, Sampling theorem and applications, Discrete time signal, Discrete Fourier transform (DFT),
Fast Fourier transform (FFT), Basic concepts of digital signal processing, digital filters – IIR, FIR.

UNIT – IV
Rectifiers, Voltage regulated ICs and regulated power supply, Biasing of Bipolar junction transistors and
FETs, operating point and stability, Amplifiers, Classification of amplifiers, Concept of feedback, Hartley,
Colpitt’s and Phase Shift oscillators, Operational amplifiers (OPAMP) - characteristics, computational
applications, comparators, Schmitt trigger, Instrumentation amplifiers, wave shaping circuits, Phase locked
loops, Active filters, Multivibrators, Voltage to frequency convertors (V/F), frequency to voltage convertors
(F/V).

UNIT-V
Logic Families, Logic Gates, Boolean algebra and minimization techniques, Combinational circuits,
Programmable Logic Devices (PLD), CPLD, flip-flops, memories, Sequential Circuits: Counters – Ring,
Ripple, Synchronous, Asynchronous, Shift registers, multiplexers and demultiplexers, A/D and D/A
converters, Analysis and Design of fundamental mode state machines: State variables, State table and State
diagram. Sequential PLD, FPGA, Analysis and Design of digital circuits using HDL.

1
UNIT-VI
Introduction of Microprocessor 8086: Architecture, Addressing modes, instruction set, interrupts,
Programming, Memory and I/O interfacing.
Introduction of Microcontrollers – 8051 for embedded systems, Architecture and register set of
Microcontroller 8051, Addressing modes, Instruction set of 8051 – Data transfer instructions, Arithmetic
instructions, Logic instructions, bit level and byte level control transfer instructions, 8051 assembly
programming – stack operations, subroutines, interrupts, 8051 programming as timer/counter, 8051 serial
communication, 8051 interfacing RS232, LED/LCD display, Keyboard , Stepper motor.

UNIT-VII
Electrostatics - vector calculus, Gauss’s Law, Laplace and Poisson’s equations, Magnetostatics – Biot
Savert’s law, Ampere’s law and electromagnetic induction, Maxwell’s equations and wave equations, Plane
wave propagation in free space, dielectrics and conductors, Poynting theorem, Reflection and refraction,
polarization, interference, coherence and diffraction, Transmission lines and waveguides – line equations,
impedance, reflections and voltage standing wave ratio, rectangular waveguides. Antennas – retarded
potential and Hertzian dipole, half wave antenna, antenna patterns, radiation intensity, gain, effective area and
Frii’s free space receiver power equation. Microwave Sources and Devices -Reflex Klystron, Magnetron,
TWT, Gunn diode, IMPATT diode, Crystal Detector and PIN diode.
Radar – block diagram of Radar, frequencies and power used, Radar range equation.

UNIT-VIII
Analog modulation and demodulation - AM, FM and PM, Principle of super heterodyne receiver, Random
signals, noise, noise temperature and noise figure, Basic concepts of information theory, Error detection and
correction, Digital modulation and demodulation – PCM, ASK, FSK, PSK, BPSK, QPSK and QAM, Time
and Frequency-Division Multiplexing, Multiple Access techniques, Data Communications – Modems, Codes,
Principles of Mobile and Satellite Communication, Optical communication, Optical sources - LED,
spontaneous and stimulated emission, semiconductor Lasers, Detectors – PIN photodiodes, Avalanche
photodiodes (APD), Optical fibers – attenuation and dispersion characteristics, Bandwidth, Wavelength
division multiplexing.
Fundamentals of Internet of Things (IoT) for communication.

UNIT-IX
Power devices – characteristics of SCR, DIAC, TRIAC, power transistors, Protection of thyristors against
over voltage and over current. SCR triggering - dv/dt and di/dt, triggering with single pulse and train of
pulses, A.C. and D.C. motors - construction and speed control. Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS).
Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS).
Open loop and closed loop control system, Block Diagram reduction techniques, transfer function and signal
flow diagram, Stability criterion: Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist plot, On-off controller, Proportional (P),
Proportional-Integral (PI), Proportional-Derivative (PD), PID controllers.

UNIT – X
Transducers – Resistance, Inductance, Capacitance, Piezoelectric, Thermoelectric, Hall effect, Photoelectric,
Measurement of displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, torque, strain, temperature, pressure, flow,
humidity, thickness, pH. Measuring Equipment – Measurement of R, L and C, Bridge and Potentiometers,
voltage, current, power, energy, frequency/time, phase, Digital Multimeters, CRO, Digital Storage
Oscilloscope, Spectrum Analyzer., Biomedical Instruments – ECG, EEG, Blood Pressure Measurements,
MEMS and its applications Sensors for IoT applications.