ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 8, Issue 1, August 2021

Impact Factor: 5.731

Lung Health Analyzer Using IoT

Vippashyana Ambore1, Manojkumar Pal2, Shreya Prasad3, Mrs. Harshada Magar4
Students, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications1,2,3
Assistant Professor, Electronics and Telecommunications4
AISSMS Institute of Information Technology, Pune, Maharashtra

Abstract: Asthma and other respiratory conditions are chronic and affect a person's breathing.
Respiratory illnesses are the third leading cause of death, and pose a significant burden on the patients,
carers and medical services worldwide. The lungs of a person with asthma undergoes deterioration.
Children above age five, and adults, who have asthma-like symptoms should have a spirometry test. The
spirometers used in hospitals are bulky, expensive, complex to use and are therefore inaccessible to a
majority of places, most likely rural areas, causing the patients to travel long distances to undergo the
testing.

Keywords: Lung Health; Internet of Things; Arduino, Biomedical

I. INTRODUCTION
Changes in breathing or respiratory rate, pulse rate, and body temperature plays a major role in guiding treatment in
illnesses. This project requires the patient to perform a small test at home using the system, and try to achieve a good
health score. One of the important parts of this system is an incentive spirometer that has three vertical columns with a
ball in each column with IR sensors mounted on it.
It is easy to use and simple to perform; and test results are easily accessible by healthcare workers. The spirometer is
inexpensive, can be washed and reused several times. The sensors were chosen based on the vital physiological
parameters, such as breathing or respiratory rate, pulse rate, and body temperature, which indicate change in health
conditions.

II. OBJECTIVE
 Aim at being easily available health check up.
 Being utilized at patient’s home for routine checkup.
 Provide real time health analysis.
 Take medical facilities to remote areas.

III. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND EXPLANATION

Figure 1: Block diagram of the setup

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 395
www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 8, Issue 1, August 2021

Impact Factor: 5.731

The main vital signs to be routinely tested by medical professionals include: Breathing rate, Pulse rate, & Body
temperature. These signs help detect & monitor medical problems, & totally affect each other. For eg, with rise in body
temperature, respiratory rate also increases. Thus, this project utilizes three different sets of sensors to detect all three
signs, and describes the design of a simple, low-cost IOT based patient health monitoring system.
This setup uses Arduino Nano as the heart of the project. With the help of ESP8266, a Wi-Fi module, all the data
about the patient’s health will reach the doctors located remotely in cities and health centres, and decisions will be
taken after real-time analysis with the help of Thingspeak. The major blocks shown in the setup are discussed as:

3.1 Incentive Spirometer

Incentive Spirometer(or Spirometer) is used routinely in hospitals for patients with chest and/or lung ailments.
Patients blow air in the tube attached to the spirometer and try getting a good score on the spirometer. Required flow
rates in all three glass columns are 600cc, 900cc and 1200cc respectively. The amount of airflow generated by the
patient is indicated by the number of balls reaching the column tops. For example, if all three balls have reached their
respective column tops, then maximum airflow, i.e. 1200cc, was generated, similarly for two balls and a single ball,
airflow of 900cc and 600cc was generated.

Figure 2: Spirometer mounted with IR Sensors

3.2 Temperature Sensor

Body temperature tells a lot about a patient’s health, hence it becomes vital to measure it. For this purpose, in this
project, we’re using 89015 LM35DZ. It comes from the LM35 family, but unlike LM34 and LM355, LM35DZ gives
output readings in °C. It has three pins, low self-heating, and an accuracy of 0.4°C.

Figure 3: Temperature sensor

3.3 Pulse Rate Sensor

Pulse rate sensors are easy to use with Arduino boards. It runs on 5V power. It gives fast and accurate readings,
thanks to the in-built features like noise reduction, and amplification. User has to make direct contact with the front side
of the sensor. The back side of the sensor houses an LED and a sensor that detects the light that bounces back,
indicating the count of pulses.
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 396
www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 8, Issue 1, August 2021

Impact Factor: 5.731

Figure 4: Pulse Sensor

3.4 Arduino Nano

Arduino Nano is based on ATMega328. It uses a mini-B USB connection for powering up. It lacks a DC power jack.
It has a 5V regulated power supply. It has 2KB of SRAM and 1KB of EEPROM. It is most commonly used for serial
communication purposes.

3.5 ESP8266
The ESP8266 is a Wi-Fi chip. It comes with a TCP/IP protocol stack which gives it the power to connect to a Wi-Fi
network. Each chip is programmed with an AT command set, making it easier for users to connect it to the Arduino
device. It is compact, lightweight and inexpensive, and this is what makes it so popular for IoT applications.

3.6 Thingspeak
Thingspeak is a platform for IoT analytics. It provides cloud services for medium and small size IoT applications,
provided by Mathworks. It helps collect, visualize and act on the real-time data collected by the device connected to
Thingspeak via the internet.

IV. METHODOLOGY

Figure 5: Flow diagram of the setup

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 397
www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 8, Issue 1, August 2021

Impact Factor: 5.731

Before taking the test, make sure the device is connected to the Internet. You can keep a diary for yourself to note
down the readings and the date on which you took the test. First, we need to turn ON the power supply. The system
uses 5V/750mA power. This can be provided with the help of a battery or using the ac mains supply. When the system
is powered up, the board starts getting initialized and the sensors are getting ready for use. Now, we will look at the
operation of each sensor separately, and follow below instructions to get accurate readings:
 Lung Health Sensor: There is a tube and a mouthpiece attached to the spirometer through which the user has to
inhale air. Before every use, wash the tube with warm or lukewarm water. Sit straight and breathe normally,
don’t exert pressure on your lungs. Don’t eat a heavy meal. Now when the user inhales through the tube, the balls
move in the column according to the air pressure, indicating their lung capacity. This gets detected by the sensors
and is displayed on the LCD and sent to the online platform.
 Pulse Sensor: The pulse sensor used here is to measure the heart beat or pulse rate of the user. The user has to
place their finger on the heart shaped sensor. You must place your finger and not press it on the sensor. Make
sure the finger is clean and has no cuts or wounds. The readings will be displayed in BPM on the LCD.
 Temperature Sensor: The temperature sensor is used to detect the body temperature of the user. Make sure you
haven’t eaten a meal before taking the test, otherwise you won’t get accurate results. The sensed temperature
reading will be displayed on the LCD in ℃.

V. TEST RESULTS

Figure 6: Test Results

Figure shows the data of temperature, pulse rate and lung health in graphical format and the gauge for temperature
ranging from 20 to 80 ℃.

VI. FUTURE SCOPE

The proposed project is small in size and in future, it can be turned into a product. It can be distributed in remote
areas, villages, and primary healthcare centres, also can be used where doctors are not able to visit with all precise
equipment.

VII. CONCLUSION
Incentive Spirometers used in hospitals are very expensive, sometimes beyond the means of medical healthcare of
some countries like India. Our project proposed in this paper is of low cost & is easy to use. It gives fast and accurate
test results, & can be operated at any time and place.
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 398
www.ijarsct.co.in
 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 8, Issue 1, August 2021

Impact Factor: 5.731

REFERENCES
[1]. L. M. Dang, M. J. Piran, D. Han, K. Min, and H. Moon, “A Survey on Internet of Things and Cloud
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[3]. D. Sarabia-Jacome, A. Belsa, C. E. Palau and M. Esteve, "Exploiting IoT Data and Smart City Services for
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[5]. Sayan Banerjee, Souptik Paul, Rohan Sharma, Abhishek Brahma, “Heartbeat Monitoring Using IoT”. 894-
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[7]. Health homepage on Healthline. [Online]. Available: https://www.healthline.com/health/incentive-spirometer

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 399

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