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Stat and Prob

The document explains the concepts of random variables, including definitions of key terms such as experiment, sample space, and random variable. It distinguishes between discrete and continuous random variables, providing examples and emphasizing that discrete variables have a finite number of distinct values while continuous variables have an uncountable number of potential values. An example involving tossing a coin illustrates how to identify random variables and their possible outcomes.

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Ashedee Meoni
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4 views4 pages

Stat and Prob

The document explains the concepts of random variables, including definitions of key terms such as experiment, sample space, and random variable. It distinguishes between discrete and continuous random variables, providing examples and emphasizing that discrete variables have a finite number of distinct values while continuous variables have an uncountable number of potential values. An example involving tossing a coin illustrates how to identify random variables and their possible outcomes.

Uploaded by

Ashedee Meoni
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ILLUSTRATING A RANDOM VARIABLE (DISCRETE AND

CONTINUOUS)
LESSON 1
Unlocking Terms
Experiment – any movement that should be possible more than once under
comparative condition.
Ex. Tossing a coin (in tossing a coin you can do it not just once you can do it twice
thrice or as many times until you get tired)
Sample Space – the arrangement of every possible outcome of an experiment.
(So, when you do an experiment what are the possible outcomes, example when
you toss a coin, what are the possible outcomes that you will get. So, we have
either head or tail) In writing sample space you will enclose it in braces, and they
are separated every outcome is separated by a comma.
Ex. {head, tail}
Random – chosen, done without a particular plan or pattern
Ex: drawing raffle tickets or names from a bowl
(When you draw a raffle ticket draw means its not drawing like drawing a kite or
drawing a flower, drawing means choosing or picking raffle tickets or choosing
raffle tickets. So, when you choose a raffle ticket, we do not know who the winner
is or who will be the lucky winner, then that is what we call Random)
Variable – a quantity that can have any one of a set of values or a symbol that
represents such a quantity.
Ex: age, civil status, X, Y, Z
(Let’s take for example, age. Age can have not just one value, but it can have many
values a set of values you can have age as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and so on. So, there are
many values. Another one is civil status, so in civil status a variable it can have one
any one or set of values, example civil status is either single, married or separated
or widowed. Next is , X, Y, Z take note a variable is represented by capital letters.
Random Variable
- value depends on the outcome of a random process.
(Random means you do not know it is done it is chosen without a plan, whether it’s
a particular plan or pattern, so you do not know what will happen or what will
occur except you have sample spaces, you have possible outcomes.)
Random Variable
- a variable whose value is a numerical outcome of a random phenomenon.
- Denoted with a capital letter.
- Discrete or continuous
Ex: number of heads, numbers of tails, number of boys in the family
(The number of heads is a random variable because this is an outcome from a
random process so take note random process example for the number of it tossing a
coin, so tossing a coin is a random process and the random variable that we’re
trying to get the value is the number of heads so its value is expressed in numbers
in numerical and we can use any capital letters from the alphabet example: we will
represent the number of heads as X )
Random Variables has two types
 Discrete
 Continuous
Discrete Random Variable – a variable that can take on a finite number of distinct
values.
(So, you have the word finite there. So, when we say finite, it is limited in nature.
Limited in nature you can count them it is countable)
Continuous Random Variable – a random variable that take an interminably
uncountable number of potential values, regularly measurable amounts.
(Since discrete is countable this is the opposite, since this is uncountable, you can’t
count the values, the values of continuous random variable cannot be counted but
instead it is measurable it can be measured)
Example 1: TOSSING A COIN
Toss your one-peso coin three times and record in your notebook the results of the
three tosses. In order to write the result easily, use letter H for the heads and letter
T for the tails.

(This is the result, so tossing a coin three times and we have here the sample space
the arrangement of the possible outcomes from the experiment. So, you have
noticed observed how it is written you have there the brace and the possible
outcome separated by comma. So here in sample space when you toss a coin three
times the possible outcomes that would appear might be we have three tails, two
tails and one head, tail-head-tail, head-tail-tail, tail-head-head, head-tail-head,
head-head-tail, three heads. So, if you observed how many possible outcomes do
we have here when tossing three coins, we have eight possible outcomes)
What is the random variable here?
- Apparently, the random variable is the number of heads, and its value
depends on the outcome.
Discrete Random Variable
- A discrete variable is a variable, which can only view a countable number of
values.
- Thus, a discrete random variable X has possible values x 1 , x 2, x 3 , … …

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