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The OSI

The OSI model is a seven-layer framework that standardizes network communication functions, while the TCP/IP model is a simpler four-layer model used for internet data transmission. Each layer in both models serves specific purposes, such as data transmission, error correction, and routing. The TCP/IP model is more commonly used in modern networks, forming the foundation for internet communication.

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14 views2 pages

The OSI

The OSI model is a seven-layer framework that standardizes network communication functions, while the TCP/IP model is a simpler four-layer model used for internet data transmission. Each layer in both models serves specific purposes, such as data transmission, error correction, and routing. The TCP/IP model is more commonly used in modern networks, forming the foundation for internet communication.

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ogutumemba
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that

standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven


abstraction layers. Each layer serves a specific purpose in network communication.
Here's a brief overview of each layer:

1. Physical Layer (Layer 1): This layer deals with the physical transmission of
data over the network, including the electrical or optical signals, connectors, and
media.
2. Data Link Layer (Layer 2): This layer establishes and manages the connection
between two directly connected nodes, providing error detection and correction if
necessary.
3. Network Layer (Layer 3): The network layer handles routing and forwarding of
data packets between different networks. It also provides logical addressing
(e.g., IP addresses).
4. Transport Layer (Layer 4): This layer ensures that data is delivered reliably
and error-free between nodes. It also manages flow control and data
segmentation.
5. Session Layer (Layer 5): The session layer establishes, manages, and
terminates communication sessions between applications on different devices.
6. Presentation Layer (Layer 6): This layer is responsible for data translation,
encryption, and compression, ensuring that data is presented in a format that the
application layer can understand.
7. Application Layer (Layer 7): The application layer is the topmost layer and is
responsible for providing network services directly to the user or application
(e.g., web browsers, email clients).

The OSI model helps in understanding and standardizing the interactions between
different networking protocols and devices, although in practice, the TCP/IP model is
more commonly used in modern networks.

The TCP/IP model, also known as the Internet Protocol Suite, is a


conceptual model that is used to understand how data is
transmitted over the internet. It is a simpler and more practical
model compared to the OSI model. The TCP/IP model consists of four
layers:

1. Application Layer:
 Corresponds to the top three layers of the OSI model
(Application, Presentation, and Session).
 Includes protocols that are used by specific applications,
such as HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) for web
browsing, SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) for email,
and FTP (File Transfer Protocol) for file transfer.
2. Transport Layer:
 Equivalent to the Transport layer in the OSI model.
 Provides communication between application processes
running on different hosts.
 Includes protocols like TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol), which provides reliable, connection-oriented
communication, and UDP (User Datagram Protocol), which
provides unreliable, connectionless communication.
3. Internet Layer:
 Equivalent to the Network layer in the OSI model.
 Responsible for routing packets between different
networks.
 Includes the IP (Internet Protocol), which provides
addressing and routing functions.
4. Link Layer:
 Equivalent to the Data Link and Physical layers in the OSI
model.
 Responsible for transferring data between adjacent
network nodes.
 Includes protocols like Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and PPP (Point-to-
Point Protocol).

The TCP/IP model is used as the basis for the internet and is the
foundation of modern networking. It is widely used in practice and
forms the basis for most internet communication.

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