Experiment 1 - DDCA
Experiment 1 - DDCA
List of Experiments
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Digital Design & Computer Architecture (23EC1202) Lab Manual 2024-25 – Even Semester
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Digital Design & Computer Architecture (23EC1202) Lab Manual 2024-25 – Even Semester
Exp. Date Title of the Pre-lab Connections & Result & Viva Total Signature of
No. Experiment (5M) Execution Analysis (5M) Marks the Faculty
(20M) (20M) (50M) with date
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Digital Design & Computer Architecture (23EC1202) Lab Manual 2024-25 – Even Semester
EXPERIMENT – 1
Aim: Introduction to digital design lab- nomenclature of digital ICs, specifications, study of the
data sheet, concept of VCC and ground, verification of the truth tables of logic gates using TTL
ICs.
Gates IC NO.
AND 7408
OR 7432
NAND 7400
NOR 7402
NOT 7404
XOR 74136
Pre-lab:
Ans: Logic gate is a physical device implementing a Boolean function and performs Logical
operation on one or more logic inputs and produces a single logic output.
Ans: NAND and NOR gates are called universal gates as any type of logic gates or logic Functions
can be implemented by these gates.
4. What is the primary motivation for using Boolean algebra to simplify logic expressions?
Ans: (1) Boolean algebra reduces the number of inputs required. (2) It will reduce number of gates
(3) It makes easier to understand the overall function of the circuit.
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Digital Design & Computer Architecture (23EC1202) Lab Manual 2024-25 – Even Semester
Theory:
Logic gates are idealized or physical devices implementing a Boolean function, which it
performs a logical operation on one or more logical inputs and produce a single output. In digital
electronics, logic gates are fundamental building blocks used to perform logical operations on
binary signals (0s and 1s). Depending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal logic gate,
one that has for instance zero rise time and unlimited fan out or it may refer to anon-ideal
physical device.
The main hierarchy is as follows:
1. Basic Gates
2. Universal Gates
The symbols and truth tables of logic gates are shown in below figure.
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Digital Design & Computer Architecture (23EC1202) Lab Manual 2024-25 – Even Semester
The IC numbers and pin diagrams of all logic gates are as shown below.
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Digital Design & Computer Architecture (23EC1202) Lab Manual 2024-25 – Even Semester
Procedure:
1. Place the breadboard gently on the observation table.
2. Fix the IC which is under observation between the half shadow line of breadboard, so there
is no shortage of voltage.
3. Connect the wire to the main voltage source (Vcc) whose other end is connected to last pin
of the IC (14 place from the notch).
4. Connect the ground of IC (7th place from the notch) to the ground terminal provided on the
digital lab kit.
5. Give the input at any one of the gates of the ICs i.e. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th gate by using
connecting wires. (In accordance to IC provided).
8. If led glows red then output is true, if it glows green output is false, which is numerically
denoted as 1 and 0 respectively. The Color can change based on the IC manufacturer it’s
just verification of the Truth Table not the color change.
Precautions:
1. Connections must be tight on the bread board.
Question 1: Which of the logical operations is represented by the + sign in Boolean algebra?
Answer: OR gate.
Question 2: Which of the two input logic gate can be used to implement an inverter circuit?
Question 3: Which are the logic gates whose all output entries are logic 1 except for one entry there
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Digital Design & Computer Architecture (23EC1202) Lab Manual 2024-25 – Even Semester
is logic 0?
Question 4: Explain the concept of universal gates. Why are NAND and NOR gates considered
universal?
Answer: Universal gates are logic gates that can be used to construct any other type of gate. NAND
and NOR gates are considered universal because combinations of these gates can be used to
implement AND, OR, and NOT gates, making them versatile in digital circuit design.
Question 5: How can the experiment results are applied in digital circuit design?
Answer: The experiment results demonstrate the practical application of universal gates in
controlling outputs based on logical conditions. This understanding is fundamental in designing
digital circuits and systems, where logical operations play a crucial role.
Result:
The experiment demonstrated the successful verification of all logic gates. The LEDs illuminated
based on the logical conditions imposed by these logic gates.