Digital Design & Computer Architecture (23EC1202) Lab Manual 2024-25 – Even Semester

List of Experiments

S. No. Name of the Experiment

1. Introduction and Verification of logic gates
2. Design and Realization of logic Gates using universal Gates
3. Combinational Circuit Based Car Security System
4. Participant selection in Competitions Using Multiplexer
5. Digital Display of the Department Name using 7-segment decoder
6. Design of Computational Processing System for Arithmetic and Logical
Operations
7. Random Number Generator for Gaming Using D-Flip- flop
8. Digital Unlocking System using Shift Register
9. Design of 4-bit asynchronous counter
10. Implementation of Information Transmission System
11. Development of Instruction Processing System from Fetching to Execution
12. Implementation of Cache Memory
13. Choice Based Control of Vending Machine
14. Implementation of 3-Stage Pipelining

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Digital Design & Computer Architecture (23EC1202) Lab Manual 2024-25 – Even Semester

Lab Evaluation components

Evaluation Component Maximum Marks Weightage

Continuous evaluation- 50 9
Lab exercise
Lab In semester Exam 50 8
Lab End semester Exam 50 16

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Digital Design & Computer Architecture (23EC1202) Lab Manual 2024-25 – Even Semester

Continuous Evaluation Lab exercise:

Exp. Date Title of the Pre-lab Connections & Result & Viva Total Signature of
No. Experiment (5M) Execution Analysis (5M) Marks the Faculty
(20M) (20M) (50M) with date

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Digital Design & Computer Architecture (23EC1202) Lab Manual 2024-25 – Even Semester

EXPERIMENT – 1

Introduction and Verification of Logic Gates

Aim: Introduction to digital design lab- nomenclature of digital ICs, specifications, study of the
data sheet, concept of VCC and ground, verification of the truth tables of logic gates using TTL
ICs.

Apparatus: Digital IC Trainer kit, single strand wires, breadboard

Gates IC NO.
AND 7408
OR 7432
NAND 7400
NOR 7402
NOT 7404
XOR 74136

Pre-lab:

1. What is a logic gate?

Ans: Logic gate is a physical device implementing a Boolean function and performs Logical
operation on one or more logic inputs and produces a single logic output.

2. What are universal gates?

Ans: NAND and NOR gates are called universal gates as any type of logic gates or logic Functions
can be implemented by these gates.

3. What are basic gates?

Ans: AND, OR, Not are called basic gates.

4. What is the primary motivation for using Boolean algebra to simplify logic expressions?

Ans: (1) Boolean algebra reduces the number of inputs required. (2) It will reduce number of gates
(3) It makes easier to understand the overall function of the circuit.

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Digital Design & Computer Architecture (23EC1202) Lab Manual 2024-25 – Even Semester

Theory:

Logic gates are idealized or physical devices implementing a Boolean function, which it
performs a logical operation on one or more logical inputs and produce a single output. In digital
electronics, logic gates are fundamental building blocks used to perform logical operations on
binary signals (0s and 1s). Depending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal logic gate,
one that has for instance zero rise time and unlimited fan out or it may refer to anon-ideal
physical device.
The main hierarchy is as follows:
1. Basic Gates
2. Universal Gates
The symbols and truth tables of logic gates are shown in below figure.

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Digital Design & Computer Architecture (23EC1202) Lab Manual 2024-25 – Even Semester

The IC numbers and pin diagrams of all logic gates are as shown below.

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Digital Design & Computer Architecture (23EC1202) Lab Manual 2024-25 – Even Semester

Procedure:
1. Place the breadboard gently on the observation table.

2. Fix the IC which is under observation between the half shadow line of breadboard, so there
is no shortage of voltage.

3. Connect the wire to the main voltage source (Vcc) whose other end is connected to last pin
of the IC (14 place from the notch).

4. Connect the ground of IC (7th place from the notch) to the ground terminal provided on the
digital lab kit.

5. Give the input at any one of the gates of the ICs i.e. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th gate by using
connecting wires. (In accordance to IC provided).

6. Connect output pins to the led on digital lab kit.

7. Switch on the power supply.

8. If led glows red then output is true, if it glows green output is false, which is numerically
denoted as 1 and 0 respectively. The Color can change based on the IC manufacturer it’s
just verification of the Truth Table not the color change.

Precautions:
1. Connections must be tight on the bread board.

2. Identify the pins of the IC properly.

3. Take care while removing and inserting the IC on bread board.

Viva Questions and answers:

Question 1: Which of the logical operations is represented by the + sign in Boolean algebra?

Answer: OR gate.

Question 2: Which of the two input logic gate can be used to implement an inverter circuit?

Answer: Ex-NOR gate

Question 3: Which are the logic gates whose all output entries are logic 1 except for one entry there
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Digital Design & Computer Architecture (23EC1202) Lab Manual 2024-25 – Even Semester

is logic 0?

Answer: NAND and NOR gate

Question 4: Explain the concept of universal gates. Why are NAND and NOR gates considered
universal?

Answer: Universal gates are logic gates that can be used to construct any other type of gate. NAND
and NOR gates are considered universal because combinations of these gates can be used to
implement AND, OR, and NOT gates, making them versatile in digital circuit design.

Question 5: How can the experiment results are applied in digital circuit design?

Answer: The experiment results demonstrate the practical application of universal gates in
controlling outputs based on logical conditions. This understanding is fundamental in designing
digital circuits and systems, where logical operations play a crucial role.

Result:
The experiment demonstrated the successful verification of all logic gates. The LEDs illuminated
based on the logical conditions imposed by these logic gates.