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Basics of Computer Notes

The document provides a comprehensive overview of computers, covering their definition, components (hardware and software), functions, types, generations, data representation, networks, operating systems, and basic security measures. It explains the roles of input, processing, storage, output, and control in computer operations, as well as the evolution of computer technology from vacuum tubes to AI. Additionally, it highlights the importance of security practices such as strong passwords and antivirus software.

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RAJU LAKSHMI
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11 views

Basics of Computer Notes

The document provides a comprehensive overview of computers, covering their definition, components (hardware and software), functions, types, generations, data representation, networks, operating systems, and basic security measures. It explains the roles of input, processing, storage, output, and control in computer operations, as well as the evolution of computer technology from vacuum tubes to AI. Additionally, it highlights the importance of security practices such as strong passwords and antivirus software.

Uploaded by

RAJU LAKSHMI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basics of Computers - Detailed Notes

1. Introduction to Computers

A computer is an electronic device that processes data and performs tasks according to

a set of instructions called programs.

2. Components of a Computer System

- Hardware: The physical parts of a computer.

- Input Devices: Mouse, Keyboard, Scanner, Microphone

- Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Speaker

- Storage Devices: Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Solid State Drive (SSD), USB Drives

- Processing Unit: Central Processing Unit (CPU)

- Software: Set of instructions that tell the hardware what to do.

- System Software: Operating Systems (Windows, Linux)

- Application Software: MS Office, Web Browsers

- Utility Programs: Antivirus, File Management Tools

3. Functions of a Computer

1. Input: Receiving data

2. Processing: Manipulating data

3. Storage: Saving data

4. Output: Displaying results

5. Control: Directing tasks

4. Types of Computers

1. Supercomputers: Used for complex scientific calculations


2. Mainframes: Handle large data processing for organizations

3. Minicomputers: Mid-sized processing power

4. Microcomputers (PCs): Laptops, Desktops

5. Embedded Systems: Found in appliances like microwaves

5. Computer Generations

1. First Generation (1940-1956): Vacuum tubes

2. Second Generation (1956-1963): Transistors

3. Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated Circuits

4. Fourth Generation (1971-Present): Microprocessors

5. Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond): AI and Quantum Computing

6. Types of Software

- System Software: Manages hardware resources

- Application Software: For specific user tasks

- Utility Software: Performs maintenance tasks

7. Data Representation

- Binary System: 0s and 1s

- Data Units: Bit, Byte, KB, MB, GB, TB

- Character Encoding Systems: ASCII, Unicode

8. Computer Networks

- LAN (Local Area Network)

- WAN (Wide Area Network)

- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

- Internet and Intranet


9. Operating Systems

- Functions: Process Management, Memory Management, File Systems

- Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux

10. Basic Security Measures

- Use of strong passwords

- Installing antivirus software

- Regular updates

- Avoiding suspicious links

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