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The project investigates the refractive indices of water and glycerine using a hollow prism. Experimental results show calculated refractive indices of 1.29 for water and 1.46 for glycerine, which are close to their actual values of 1.33 and 1.47, respectively. The methodology involved measuring angles of incidence and deviation to derive the refractive indices, confirming the accuracy of the experimental approach.

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38 views12 pages

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The project investigates the refractive indices of water and glycerine using a hollow prism. Experimental results show calculated refractive indices of 1.29 for water and 1.46 for glycerine, which are close to their actual values of 1.33 and 1.47, respectively. The methodology involved measuring angles of incidence and deviation to derive the refractive indices, confirming the accuracy of the experimental approach.

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pratham00414
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TO FIND OUT THE REFRACTIVE

INDICES OF DIFFERENT LIQUIDS


USING A HOLLOW PRISM

NAME: POORVI PURUSHOTHAM

INSTITUTION: MOUNT CARMEL


CENTRAL SCHOOL

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 23 DECEMBER


2024
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude


to all those who supported and guided me
throughout the completion of this physics
project.
First and foremost, I extend my sincere
thanks to Mr. Ajay, my Physics teacher, for
his invaluable guidance, encouragement, and
insightful suggestions that shaped this
project. And to Sr. Melissa, our Principal, for
her encouragement. I also thank my family
and friends for their constant support and
motivation, which helped me complete this
project successfully.
INDEX
S.NO CONTENT PAGE.NO
1 INTRODUCTION 3
2 PROJECT 4-9
EXPERIMENT
3 CONCLUSION 10
4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 11
INTRODUCTION
A prism is a transparent object with flat
surfaces that refract light. It can be made
from materials like glass or plastic.
Prisms are used in experiments to split
(polychromatic)light into different colors
or to study how light bends.
In this experiment, we will use a hollow
prism, a special prism that can hold
liquids. By filling the hollow prism with
different liquids(water and glycerine),
we can study how light passes through
them and calculate their refractive
indices.
PROJECT EXPERIMENT

AIM: To find out the refractive indices of different


liquids using a hollow prism

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Hollow glass prism, Water, Glycerine, Bell pins,
Drawing board

PROCEDURE:

1. Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board


with the help of drawing pins.
2. Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.
3. Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
4. Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the
normal PQ and place two pins so that they appear to
be in a straight line.
5. Place the prism filled with the given sample of
liquid-(a)water;(b)glycerine, on the marked outline
ABC.
6. Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so
that all four pins appear to be in the same line.
7. Remove the prism and draw the line joining the
points so obtained.
8. Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
9. Repeat this with different liquids and different
angles of incidence.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:

FOR WATER:
S.NO ANGLE ANGLE OF ANGLE OF
OF INCIDENCE DEVIATION
PRISM(A) (i) (D)
1. 60 35 24
2. 60 40 22
3. 60 45 20
4. 60 50 23
5. 60 55 25
6. 60 60 26
7. 60 65 29
Using the formula:
U=Sini/sinr=sin(A+Dm)/2)/sin(A/2)
Calculating the refractive indices of water.

A=60°
Minimum angle of deviation (Dm)=20°

FOR GLYCERINE:
S.NO ANGLE ANGLE OF ANGLE OF
OF INCIDENCE DEVIATION
PRISM (i) (D)
(A)
1. 60 35 38
2. 60 40 37
3. 60 45 36
4. 60 50 35
5. 60 55 36
6. 60 60 37
7. 60 65 38
Using the formula:
U=Sini/sinr=sin(A+Dm)/2)/sin(A/2)
Calculating the refractive indices of GLYCERINE.
A=60°
Minimum angle of deviation (Dm)=35°
RESULT: The refractive index of water calculated is
approximately μ=1.29 and the refractive index of
glycerine is approximately μ=1.46.

CONCLUSION:

Refractive Index of Water:


Calculated: μ = 1.29
Actual: μ = 1.33

Refractive Index of Glycerine


Calculated: μ = 1.46
Actual: μ = 1.47
PRECAUTIONS:
●The angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60
degrees.
● Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in
same line.
●Distance b/w two points should not be less than
10mm.
●The same angle of prism should be used for all
observations.
●Arrowheads should be marked to represent
emergent and incident rays.
CONCLUSION

The refractive indices of water and glycerine were


determined experimentally using hollow prisms filled
with the respective liquids. The calculated values (1.29
for water and 1.46 for glycerine) are close to their
theoretical values (1.33 for water and 1.47 for
glycerine), confirming the accuracy of the
experimental method.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

●https://www.concepts-of-physics.com/optics/re
fractive-index-of-a-liquid-using-a-hollow-pris
m.php
●https://www.pexels.com
●https://physion.net/

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