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Lecture 3 Statically Determinate Trusses

The document provides an overview of statically determinate trusses, defining them as plane structures made of slender members joined at their ends. It categorizes trusses into simple, compound, and complex types, and outlines methods for analyzing them through joint and section methods. Key principles of determinacy are also discussed, including the conditions for statically determinate, indeterminate, and unstable trusses.

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Aizar Jamil
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13 views46 pages

Lecture 3 Statically Determinate Trusses

The document provides an overview of statically determinate trusses, defining them as plane structures made of slender members joined at their ends. It categorizes trusses into simple, compound, and complex types, and outlines methods for analyzing them through joint and section methods. Key principles of determinacy are also discussed, including the conditions for statically determinate, indeterminate, and unstable trusses.

Uploaded by

Aizar Jamil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analysis of Statically

Determinate Trusses
DEFINITION:
A TRUSS may be defined as a plane structure
composed of a number of members joined together at
their ends by smooth pins so as to form a rigid framework
for external forces and reactions of which are assumed to
lie in the same plane and to act only at the pins.

A truss is a structure composed of slender


members joined together at their end points.
A truss is a structure composed of slender members joined
together at their end points. The members commonly used
in construction consist of wooden struts, metal bars, angles,
or channels. The joint connections are usually formed by
bolting or welding the ends of the members to a common
plate, called a gusset plate, as shown in the figure, or by
simply passing a large bolt or pin through each of the
members.
Common types of
trusses
ROOF TRUSS
Roof trusses are often used as part of an industrial building frame, such as
the one shown in the figure. Here, the roof load is transmitted to the truss at
the joints by means of a series of purlins.
BRIDGE TRUSS
The main structural
elements of a typical
bridge truss are shown
in the figure. Here it is
seen that a load on the
deck is first transmitted
to stringers, then to
floor beams, and finally
to the joints of the two
supporting side trusses.
Different illustrations of
structures made of
trusses
ROOF TRUSS
ROOF TRUSS
BRIDGE TRUSS
GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE, San Francisco, USA
SYDNEY HARBOUR BRIDGE, Australia
EIFFEL TOWER, Paris France
SAN JUANICO BRIDGE, Leyte
MAESLANTKERING BARRIER, Netherlands
3 classifications of trusses:
1. Simple Truss
2. Compound Truss
3. Complex Truss
SIMPLE TRUSS
A simple truss is a planar truss which
begins with a triangular element and can be
expanded by adding two members and a
joint.
COMPOUND TRUSS
A compound truss is made up of simple
trusses joined together to form a larger truss.
At its basic, a compound truss is made up of two or more
simple trusses connected by “elements of connection.”
You can find a truss of this type in long-span bridges.
COMPLEX TRUSS
complex truss is a type of truss where you can’t
identify it either as simple or compound.

The arrangement of the members and joints


form a complicated framework in such sense
that the method of joints and sections don’t
help in analyzing the structure.
DETERMINACY
𝑏 + 𝑟 = 2𝑗 → Statically Determinate
𝑏 + 𝑟 > 2𝑗 → Statically Indeterminate
𝑏 + 𝑟 < 2𝑗 → Unstable
Procedure for
Analysis
(JOINT METHOD)
STEP#1
Draw the free-body diagram of a joint having at least
one known force and at most two unknown forces.
(If this joint is at one of the supports, it may be
necessary to calculate the external reactions at the
supports by drawing a free-body diagram of the
entire truss.)
STEP#2
Use one of the two methods previously
described for establishing the sense of an
unknown force.
STEP#3
The x and y axes should be oriented such that the
forces on the free-body diagram can be easily
resolved into their x and y components. Apply the
two force equilibrium equations 𝐹𝑥 = 0 and 𝐹𝑦 = 0,
solve for the two unknown member forces, and
verify their correct directional sense.
STEP#4
Continue to analyze each of the other
joints, where again it is necessary to
choose a joint having at most two
unknowns and at least one known force.
STEP#5
Once the force in a member is found from the
analysis of a joint at one of its ends, the result
can be used to analyze the forces acting on the
joint at its other end. Remember, a member in
compression “pushes” on the joint and a
member in tension “pulls” on the joint.
Procedure for
Analysis
(SECTION METHOD)
If the forces in only a few members of a
truss are to be found, the method
of sections generally provides the most
direct means of obtaining these
forces.
The method of sections consists of passing an
imaginary section through the truss, thus cutting it
into two parts. Provided the entire truss is in
equilibrium, each of the two parts must also be in
equilibrium; and as a result, the three equations of
equilibrium may be applied to either one of these two
parts to determine the member forces at the “cut
section.”
STEP#1 (FBD)
Make a decision as to how to “cut” or
section the truss through the members
where forces are to be determined.
STEP#2 (FBD)
Before isolating the appropriate section, it
may first be necessary to determine the
truss’s external reactions, so that the three
equilibrium equations are used only to
solve for member forces at the cut section.
STEP#3 (FBD)
Draw the free-body diagram of that
part of the sectioned truss which
has the least number of forces on it.
STEP#4 (FBD)
Use one of the two methods described
above for establishing the sense of an
unknown force.
(Equilibrium Eq.)
Moments should be summed about a point
that lies at the intersection of the lines of
action of two unknown forces; in this way,
the third unknown force is determined
directly from the equation.
(Equilibrium Eq.)
If two of the unknown forces are
parallel, forces may be summed
perpendicular to the direction of these
unknowns to determine directly the
third unknown force.

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