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Buffer

A buffer solution maintains a stable pH when small amounts of acids or bases are added, consisting of either an acidic buffer (weak acid and its salt) or a basic buffer (weak base and its salt). The document explains the reactions involved in both types of buffers and provides methods for calculating pH and the dissociation constant (Ka) of weak acids. Additionally, it includes exercises related to acid-base reactions.

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4 views17 pages

Buffer

A buffer solution maintains a stable pH when small amounts of acids or bases are added, consisting of either an acidic buffer (weak acid and its salt) or a basic buffer (weak base and its salt). The document explains the reactions involved in both types of buffers and provides methods for calculating pH and the dissociation constant (Ka) of weak acids. Additionally, it includes exercises related to acid-base reactions.

Uploaded by

nanda578
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Buffer

Solution
Nanda Annisa, S.Pd.
Table of contents
Introduction Calculating
01 What is Buffer solution?
02 Calculate the pH of a
buffer solutin
01
Buffer
What is Buffer Solution?
Buffer Solution

A buffer solution is a solution in which the pH


does not change significantly when small
amounts of acids or alkalis are added. A buffer
solution is used to keep pH (almost) constant
Type of Buffer

Acidic Buffer Basic Buffer


Made by mixing an Made by mixing an
aqueous solution of aqueous solutin of
weak acid with a weak base with its
solution of its salt salt or conjugate
or conjugate base acid
Acidic Buffer
CH3COOH and NaCH3COO
Weak acid Sallt of weak acid with
strong base

Reaction:
▪ Addition of H+ ions will combine with
CH3COOH (aq) ⇌ CH3COO- (aq)+ H+(aq) CH3COO– ions therefore removing most of
the added H+
NaCH3COO (aq) → Na+ (aq) + CH3COO- (aq) ▪ Addition of OH- ions will combine with the
acid CH3COOH to form CH3COO- so
removing the most of the OH-
Basic Buffer
NH3 and NH4Cl Salt of weak base with
Weak acid strong acid

▪ Addition of H+ ions will combine with NH3 to


Reaction: form NH4+ therefore removing most of the
added H+
NH3 + H2O (l) ⇌ NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
▪ Addition of OH- ions will combine with the acid
NH4+ to form NH4C so removing the most of
NH4Cl (aq) → NH4+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) the OH-
02
pH of buffer
solution
Calculating
Ka of the
weak
acid

Method
Equilibriu Weak acid or weak
base
m
concentr
Its conjugate base
ation
or acid (salts)
Practical use of this chemicals

H+ OH- mole of weak base


OH − = Ka ×
mole of its salts

pH
mole of weak acid
H + = Ka ×
mole of its salts

pH = -log[H+]
03
Exercises
1.
2.
Acid Base reaction

Acid + Base → Salt + Water


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