GROUP 1

MODULE 3:
MODULE 3: KEY
KEY
COMPONENTS OF
COMPONENTS OF A
A
COMPUTER SYSTEM,
COMPUTER SYSTEM,
OPERATING SYSTEM
OPERATING SYSTEM
 Computer
Computer
System
System
It is a collection of entities (hardware, software
and humanware) that are designed to receive,
process, manage and present information in a
meaningful format.

It consists primarily of four basic units: the

input unit, the storage units, the central
1 3

4
processing unit and the output unit. A computer
performs five major operations or functions
2

regardless of its size and make.

 Computer
Computer
System
System
These are:
It accepts data or instructions as
input;
It stores data and instruction;
It processes data as per the
1

2
3

4
instructions: it controls all operations
inside a computer, and ;
It gives results in the form of output.
A computer system operates on three
significant components.

SOFTWARE

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W
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COMPUTER SYSTEM
BASIC COmputer
BASIC COmputer
operations
operations
 Computer System
Computer System basic
basic Operation
Operation
1. Input Unit
It used for transfers' raw data and control signals into the information processing
system by the user before processing and computation.

The functions of the input unit are:

accept data and set of instructions/command,
convert the data in a form which the computer can accept and
provide this converted data to the computer for further processing.

2.Central Processing Unit

This is called the brain of the computer system. It consists of three parts namely,
the control unit, the arithmetic logic unit, and the primary storage unit.

Control Unit - it controls, manages and coordinates the operations of the entire
computer system.
Arithmetic Logic Unit-it executes the instructions and performs all the
calculations and decisions.
Primary Storage Unit-it is also called as main memory. The data which is to be
output from the computer system is also temporarly stored.

3.Output Unit
It give the results of the process and computations to the outside world. The
output units accept the results produced by the computer, convert them into a
human readable form and supply them to the users.
 COMPONENTS OF
COMPONENTS OF
COMPUTER SYSTEM
COMPUTER SYSTEM

1.Computer hardware 2.Computer software 3.Humanware

-it consists of internal - also known as - it is the

and peripheral devices. programs or person who
All physical parts of the applications. It gives operates
computer or everything 'intelligence' to the computer. The
that we can touch. user
computer. They are commands the
classified into two computer
e g.input devices, classes namely - system to
output devices, central system software and execute on
processing unit and application software instructions.
storage devices
 Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware
Components
Components

Hardware
It consists of all the machinery and
equipment in a computer system, In general,
computer hardware is categorized according
to which of the five computer operations it
performs
Input devices
Processing devices
Storage devices
Output devices
 input device
input device
-is any electronic devices connected to a computer that produce input signals. It
is also used to enter the data and instructions into the computer.

-it translate data from form that humans understand to one that the computer
can work with.

KEYBOARD
KEYBOARD GRAPHICS TABLE
GRAPHICS TABLE Magnetic Ink
Magnetic Ink
Character
Character
Optical Mark
Optical Mark
Reader
Reader
Reader
Reader

Is an electronically
It is the primary input It used by artists which It is a device used extracting intended
device that is used to allow them to draw a for machine data from marked
picture onto a computer recognition of fields, such as
enter data into a checkboxes and fill-
computer or any other screen without having to numeric data infields, on printed
electronic device by use a mouse or printed with forms. OMR
pressing keys. It uses keyboard. It consists of magnetically technology scans a
a flat, touch-sensitive charged ink. A is printed form and reads
USB or a Bluetooth predefined positions
device for wireless pad and a drawing used on bank and records where
communication to device, either a pen or checks and deposit. marks are made on.
connect to a computer. stylus.
 input device
input device
-is any electronic devices connected to a computer that produce input signals. It
is also used to enter the data and instructions into the computer.

-it translate data from form that humans understand to one that the computer
can work with.
Digital
Digital
Flatbed
Flatbed Handheld
Handheld barcode
barcode
camera
camera
scanner
scanner scanner
scanner reader
reader

A hand-held scanner is It is also known as

It used to capture a an electronic device that barcode scanner or A device that takes
source document and performs the task of point of sale (POS) photographs and
converts it into an scanning documents like scanner, is an input stores the image as
electronic form a flatbed scanner, but is device capable of data on a memory
actually handheld. reading barcodes card
 Input device
Input device for
for audio
audio
MICROPHONE
MICROPHONE MIDI KEYBOARD
MIDI KEYBOARD

Is an input device that allows users to input audio

into their computers. Here are some uses of the
microphone: It is a controller keyboard, like
a typically a piano-style
- Audio for video electronic musical keyboard,
- Online chatting often with other buttons,
- Recifir imusical instrumenter Recording voice for wheels and sliders, used for
diain singing and podcasts sending MIDI signals or
- Voice recorder commands over a USB or
- Voice recognition
- VolP MIDI 5-pin cable to other
- Voice over Internet Protocol musical devices or computers.
input devices
input devices for
for video
video
Digital Video
Digital Video camera
camera

webcam
webcam cctv camera
cctv camera

Video input are

motion images
captured into the
computer by special
input devices.
pointing device
pointing device

mouse
mouse trackball
trackball Touchbad
Touchbad joystick
joystick

Is an input device that allows a user to

control a pointer on a screen. A pointer is a
small symbol on the screen whose location
and shape change as a user moves a
pointing device
output device
output device
Hardware that is capable of delivering or showing information to one or more
users. An output device displays, prints and presents the results of a computers
work. After processing the inputted data, the computer will give its output. This
output can be in two different formats:

1. Softcopy- Visual (monitor) or Sound (speakers)

2. Hardcopy - Output on a tangible (something you can touch) such as a printer
printout

Different types
Different types of
of output
output device
device
output device
output device
Hardware that is capable of delivering or showing information to one or more
users. An output device displays, prints and presents the results of a computers
work.
After processing the inputted data, the computer will give its output. This output
can be in two different formats:
1. Softcopy- Visual (monitor) or Sound (speakers)
2. Hardcopy - Output on a tangible (something you can touch) such as a printer
printout

Different types
Different types of
of output
output device
device
 Storage device
Storage device
It is any hardware device that is used for storing, porting and extracting data files
and objects. It can hold and store information either temporarily and permanently,
and can be internal or external to a computer.

Types of Computer Storage

1. Primary Storage. Primary storage is the main memory in a computer. It stores data
and programs that can be accessed directly by the processor.

There are two types of primary storage which are RAM and ROM
the difference
the difference between
between ram
ram and
and rom
rom
 Storage device
Storage device
2. Secondary Storage - Secondary storage is another alternative storage
to save your work and documents. This can be removable, internal, or
external. It is very useful to store programs and data for future use. It is
non-volatile, which means that it does not need power to maintain the
information stored in it. It will store the information until it is erased.

Types of Secondary Storage

1. Magnetic Medium -It is a non-volatile storage medium. It can be any

type of storage medium that utilizes magnetic patterns to represent
information.
Storage device
Storage device

2. Optical Medium. -It is a non-volatile storage media, holds

content in digital form that are written and read by laser.
These media include various types of CDs and DVDs.
 Storage device
Storage device
3. Flash Memory. -It is a solid-state, non-volatile, rewritable
memory that functions like RAM and a hard disk drive. Flash
memory store bits of electronic data in memory cells just
like DRAM (Dynamic RAM) but it also works like a hard disk
drive that when the power is turned off, the data remains in
the memory. Flash memory cards and flash memory sticks
are examples of flash memory.

CAPACITY. It refers to the number of bytes (characters) a

storage medium can hold
SYSTEM UNIT
The system unit is a boxlike case that houses the computer’s
main hardware components
COMPUTER SOFTWARE COMPONENTS

Categories of Software

1. System software
-manages hardware components in a computer system, ensuring it functions as a
functional unit without focusing on low-level details like data transfer or display
rendering.
-it communicates with printers, card reader, disk, tapes etc. monitor the use of various
hardware like memory, CPU etc.
-so without system software it is impossible to operate your computer.
TYPES OF SYSTEM software
1.Operating System
-It is software that controls and monitors the running of applications
-It provides a “platform” for software developers who have to design applications
with the OS in mind.
-It is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing
of the resources of the computer
-It is an interface between computer and user.

EXAMPLES:

a. Unix b. Macintosh c. Microsoft-Disk d. Microsoft Windows e. Linux

TYPES OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE
2.Utilities Programs.
-This are small, powerful programs with a limited capability, they are usually
operated by the user to maintain a smooth running of the computer system.
Various examples include file management, diagnosing problems and finding out
information about the computer etc. Notable examples of utility programs include
copy, paste, delete, and file searching, disk defragmenter, disk cleanup.

3.Device Drivers
-Specialized programs that allow communication between a device and the
computer. Loaded into memory each time a computer is started. When a new
device is added, new device drivers must be installed.
 Application software

2. APPLICATION SOFTWARE - It is a type of software that performs task

to directly benefit or assist the user. It is installed on top of an Operating
System such as MS Windows.

Types of application software

1.Proprietary Application Software / Customized Software. -It is software

designed for a particular customer. In this case we need to hire a
computer programmer or software creator to develop software for the
customer
 Application software

2.Packaged software. -It is the kind of “off-the-shelf

application software” program developed for sale to the
general public. It can be purchased programs, leased, or
rented from a vendor that develops programs and sells them
to many organization. The word package is a commonly
used term for a computer program (or group of programs)
that has been developed by a vendor and is available for
purchase in a prepackaged form.
examples of Application software

1.Word Processing software - Use this kind of tool to create

worksheets, type letters, and type papers. The following examples
are MS Word, WordPerfect, MS Works, and AppleWorks.

2.Desktop Publishing software - Use this software to make signs,

banners, greeting cards, illustrative worksheets, newsletters, etc.
The following examples are Adobe PageMaker, MS Word, MS
Publisher, AppleWorks, MS Works, and Quark Express.
examples of Application software
3.Spreadsheet software - Use this kind of tool to compute number-
intensive problems such as budgeting, forecasting, etc. A
spreadsheet will plot nice graphs very easily. The following
examples are MS Excel, Quattro Pro, Lotus 1-2-3, MS Works, and
AppleWorks.

4.Database software - Use this software to store data such as

address, membership and other text information. A database can
be used to easily sort and organize records. The following
examples are MS Access, Filemaker Pro, AppleWorks, and MS
Works.
 examples of Application software

5.Presentation software - Use this software to create multimedia stacks of cards/screens

that can effectively present a lesson or a sales pitch. The user often clicks on buttons to
advance to the next screen in a sequence. The following examples are MS PowerPoint,
AppleWorks (slideshows), HyperStudio, Flash, Director, HyperCard, Digital Chisel, SuperCard,
and Corel Envoy.

6.Internet Browsers - This software allows one to surf the Web. Often they can read email
and create Web pages too. The following examples are Netscape Navigator (or Netscape
Communicator), MS Internet Explorer, AOL Browser, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera
Web Browser, and Safari Web Browser.

7.Email programs - These programs send and receive email. The following examples are
Netscape Messenger (part of Netscape Communicator), MS Outlook Express, MS Outlook,
Eudora, and AOL browser.
 examples of Application software

8.Graphics Programs (pixel-based) - This software allows one to touch up

photographs and create graphics from scratch. The following examples are
Adobe Photoshop, Paint Shop Pro, AppleWorks, MS Works, MS Paint (comes
free on Windows PC's), and Painter.

9.Graphics Programs (vector-based) - This software creates graphics that are

similar to illustrations or cartoon drawings. The following examples are Adobe
Illustrator, Corel Draw, AppleWorks, MS Works, and MS Word.

10.Communications software - This software allows two computers with modems

to communicate through audio, video, and/or chat-based means. Example is
Instant Messenger,
Humanware

It describes the customer experience of software and

hardware. More particularly, it has to do with the facilities
of a computer system being developed based on the
interests and needs of a user.

It is also called as the living ware. It refers to the users

of the computer system, either direct or indirect users.
 Thank you
Thank you
for
for
listening!
listening!