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Lecture 5 Without Audio

The document discusses the concepts of humidity and relative humidity, providing definitions and calculations for determining water vapor pressure and dry air pressure. It also covers air conditioning processes and steps for solving related problems, including calculations for moles of water vapor. Additionally, it introduces diffusion and effusion of gases, along with Graham's Law of Gas Diffusion.

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10 views12 pages

Lecture 5 Without Audio

The document discusses the concepts of humidity and relative humidity, providing definitions and calculations for determining water vapor pressure and dry air pressure. It also covers air conditioning processes and steps for solving related problems, including calculations for moles of water vapor. Additionally, it introduces diffusion and effusion of gases, along with Graham's Law of Gas Diffusion.

Uploaded by

msaidmic1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemistry for Engineering

Lecture 5
Ideal Gases
Prof.Dr. Hanem Sibak
1
Humidity and Relative humidity
Humidity ,H is defined as the number of moles of water vapor in air at certain
temperature , nw

% Relative Humidity , % RH is defined as (the ratio of the number of moles of water


vapor in air at certain temperature nw per saturated number of moles of water vapor
at the same temperature nw sat.) x 100

⁛ % Relative Humidity , % RH is defined as (the ratio of vapor pressure of water


vapor in air at certain temperature Pw per saturated vapor pressure of water vapor at
the same temperature Pw sat. ) x 100

2
Calculate Pw from %𝑅𝐻 = (Pw / Pw sat.) x 100
40 = (Pw / 32) x 100
Pw = 12.8 mmHg
Pw V = nw R T
(12.8/760) (80)(1000) = nw (0.082)(30+273)
nw = 54.2 gmol
Mw = nw (18) = 975.6 g
If we want to calculate the pressure of dry air P d = P – Pw
Pd= 747.2 mmHg
3
Case Study
Air Conditioning : It is an engineering process in which we increase or decrease
the prevailing temperature by changing the number of moles of water vapor in the
atmosphere.

𝑃2 = 𝑝𝑑2 + 𝑝𝑤2
𝑃1 = 𝑝𝑑1 + 𝑝𝑤1 1 Process 2
𝑉1 𝑉2

𝑇1 𝑇2
𝑛𝑤 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑.
??? %𝑅𝐻2
%𝑅𝐻1
𝑝𝑤2 𝑠𝑎𝑡.
𝑝𝑤1 𝑠𝑎𝑡.

4
Steps to solve the problem

1. Calculate Pw1 from %𝑅𝐻1 = (Pw1 / Pw1 sat.) x 100

2. Calculate Pd1 from Pd1= P1 - Pw1


3. Calculate Pw2 from %𝑅𝐻2 = (Pw2 / Pw2 sat.) x 100

4. Calculate Pd2 from Pd2= P2 - Pw2


5. Calculate the unknown volume from Pd1V1 / T1 = Pd2V2 / T2
nd=constant

5
6. Calculate nw1 from Pw1 V1 = nw1 R T1

7. Calculate nw2 from Pw2 V2 = nw2 R T2


8. Calculate nw cond. from nw cond. = nw1 - nw2

6
1. Calculate Pw1 from 75= (Pw1 / 24) x 100 Pw1 = 18 mmHg
2. Calculate Pd1 from Pd1= 760 - 18 Pd1 = 742 mmHg
3. Calculate Pw2 from %𝑅𝐻2 = (Pw2 / Pw2 sat.) x 100 Pw2 = 30 mmHg
4. Calculate Pd2 from Pd2= 1500 - 30 Pd2 = 1470 mmHg
5. Calculate the unknown volume from (742)V1 / 298 = (1470)(1) / 300 nd=constant
V1 =1.968 m3
7
6. Calculate nw1 from (18/760) (1.968)(1000) = nw1 (0.082)(298)
nw1 = 1.908 gmol

7. Calculate nw2 from (30/760) (1000) = nw2 (0.082)(300)


nw2 = 1.605 gmol
8. Calculate nw cond. from nw cond. = 1.908 – 1.605 = 0.303 gmol

Mw cond.= 0.303 (18) = 5.5 g

8
Diffusion and Effusion
Diffusion: is the term used to describe the mixing of gases.
NH3(g) , HCl(g)
Effusion : is the term used to describe the passage of a gas through a tiny
orifice into an evacuated chamber.

9
 Graham´s Law of Gas Diffusion (Effusion)
The rate of diffusion (effusion) is inversely related to the square root of its
molecular weight
r = rate of diffusion = volume / time
r1 / r2 = 𝑀. 𝑤𝑡2 ∕
P M.wt. = RT

At constant P & T M.wt = constant


r1 / r2 = 2 ∕ 1 10
time2 / time1 = = Volume = constant

11
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