Introduction to AI: Foundational Concepts

SUB-UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES

Foundational concepts of Understand the concept of human intelligence and its various components
AI such as reasoning, problem-solving, and creativity
Basics of AI: Let’s Get ➢ Understand the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its domains
Started (Introduction to AI and related terminologies. ● Introducing AI, ML & DL.
● Introduction to AI Domains (Data Sciences, CV & NLP))
➢ Explore the use of AI in real Life.
➢ Learn about the ethical concerns involved in AI development, such as
AI bias, data privacy and how they can be addressed.

Blue-print for Sample Question Paper for Class X (Session 2023-2024)

What is Intelligence?
Humans have been developing machines to make their lives easier by accomplishing tasks which are
either too tedious or are time consuming. Life without machines today is unimaginable so humans have
been putting efforts into making them even more smart. These drastic technological advancements lead us
to the concept of Artificial Intelligence.

What is Artificial Intelligence ?

If we break up this term up, we get the words “Artificial” and “Intelligence”.
“Artificial” is something which is man-made, which does not occur naturally
“Intelligence” refers to one's capacity to put one's knowledge into practise.
According to researchers, intelligence is the ‘ability to perceive or infer information, and to retain it as
knowledge to be applied towards adaptive behaviours within an environment or context.’

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AI imitates human intelligence in machines by programming them to do the same things people do. When
a machine possesses the ability to mimic human traits, it is said to have artificial intelligence.
Machines become intelligent once they are trained with some information which helps them achieve their
tasks. AI machines also keep updating their knowledge to optimise their output.

Machine Learning (ML)

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI). It explains one of the most important ideas in
AI, which has to do with learning through experience and not through being taught. Algorithms for
machine learning are based on ways that people learn from their experiences. This means that they are
programmed to learn from what they do and get better at what they do.

Deep Learning (DL)

Deep Learning is a subfield of machine learning that focuses on algorithms called "Artificial Neural
Networks" (ANN) that are based on how the brain is built and how it works. Deep Learning is a type of
machine learning that can handle a wider range of data sources, needs less pre-processing of data, and
often gives more accurate results than traditional machine learning methods.
Compare Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning & Deep Learning
ARTIFICIAL MACHINE LEARNING(ML) DEEP LEARNING(DL)
INTELLIGENCE(AI)

AI is the broader concept ML is a subset of AI that DL is a subset of ML that

that encompasses both ML focuses on developing focuses on developing
and DL. algorithms that can learn from artificial neural networks
data. that can learn and improve
on their own.

depend the efficiency Less efficient than DL More powerful than ML

provided by ML and DL

AI can perform a wide ML algorithms are primarily DL is primarily used for

range of tasks, from used for tasks such as image applications that require
recognizing images and and speech recognition, large amounts of data such
speech to making decisions predictive analytics, and data as language processing, and
and translations. mining. self-driving cars.

AI requires large amounts ML requires comparatively require significantly larger

of data fewer data amounts of data than ML

Introduction to AI Domains
With respect to the type of data fed in the AI model, AI models can be broadly categorised into three
domains:

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Data Sciences
Data Science is a multi-disciplinary science with an objective to perform data analysis to generate
knowledge that can be used for decision making. This knowledge can be in the form of similar patterns or
predictive planning models, forecasting models etc. Example of Data Science:- Price Comparison
Websites
Computer Vision
Computer Vision, abbreviated as CV, is a domain of AI that depicts the capability of a machine to get and
analyse visual information and afterwards predict some decisions about it. The entire process involves
image acquiring, screening, analysing, identifying and extracting information. Examples of Computer
Vision:- Self-Driving cars/ Automatic Cars and Face Lock in Smartphones
Natural Language Processing
Natural language refers to language that is spoken and written by people, and natural language processing
(NLP) attempts to extract information from the spoken and written word using algorithms. The ultimate
objective of NLP is to read, decipher, understand, and make sense of the human languages. Examples of
Natural Language Processing:- Email filters and Smart assistants

Applications of Artificial Intelligence around us

1. Voice assistant:- Alexa, Google Assistant, Cortana, Siri are some
very common examples of the voice assistants which are a major
part of our digital devices.
2. Navigate to Places: To help us navigate to places, apps like UBER and Google
Maps are useful. Thus, one no longer needs to stop repeatedly to ask for
directions.
3. Improved Gaming Experience: A lot of games nowadays are backed up with AI which helps in
enhancing the graphics, come up with new difficulty levels, encourage gamers
4. Platforms that provide recommendations: Netflix, Amazon, Spotify,
YouTube etc. show us recommendations on the basis of what we like As AI
been taking care of our habits, likes, and dislikes.
5. Monitor Health: AI is also being used to monitor our health. A lot of
chatbots and other health apps are available, which continuously monitor
the physical and mental health of its users.

WHAT IS NOT AI:

A fully automatic washing machine, An Air Conditioner working remotely, Automated Projects using
Sensors are not AI as it requires human intervention.

AI Ethics
Ethics is a set of moral principles which help us discern between right and wrong. AI ethics is a set of
guidelines that advise on the design and outcomes of artificial intelligence.

Moral Issues: Self-Driving Cars:-

The morality of the developer gets transferred into the machine as what according to him/her is right
would have a higher priority and hence would be the selection made by the machine. Every person has a
different perspective and hence he/she takes decisions according to their moralities. It’s unrealistic to

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think that a driverless car would never get into a car accident, but who is responsible and liable under
those circumstances.

Data Privacy
We need to understand that the data which is collected by various applications is ethical as the
smartphone users agree to it ,But at the same time if one does not want to share his/her data with anyone,
he/she can opt for alternative applications which are of similar usage and keep your data private.

AI Bias
Another aspect to AI Ethics is bias. Everyone has a bias of their own no matter how much one tries to be
unbiased. We in some way or the other have our own biases even towards smaller things. Any bias can
transfer from the developer to the machine while the algorithm is being developed.

AI Access
Since Artificial Intelligence is still a budding technology, not everyone has the opportunity to access it.
The people who can afford AI enabled devices make the most of it while others who cannot are left
behind.

AI creates unemployment
AI is making people’s lives easier. In no time AI will manage to be able to do all the laborious tasks
which we humans have been doing since long. This may start an era of mass unemployment where people
having little or no skills may be left without jobs and others who keep up with their skills according to
what is required, will flourish.

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS:- 1 marks

1. _______ help us to make our work easier and more comfortable.

2. ___________ means man-made, which does not occur naturally.
3. The ability to perceive or infer information and to retain it as knowledge to be applied towards
adaptive behaviours within an environment or context is known as __________.
4. The basis of decision making depends upon the availability of ____________and how we
experience and understand it.
5. A machine can also become intelligent if it is trained with __________ which helps them achieve
their tasks.
6. The ability to regulate, measure, and understand numerical symbols, abstraction and logic is
known as ________
a. Linguistic Intelligence b. Spatial Visual Intelligence
c. Kinaesthetic Intelligence d. Mathematical Logical Reasoning
7. ________ refers to language processing skills both in terms of understanding or implementation in
writing or verbally.
8. Which of the following can be defined as the ability to perceive the visual world and the
relationship of one object to another?
a. Linguistic Intelligence b. Spatial Visual Intelligence
c. Kinaesthetic Intelligence d. Mathematical Logical Reasoning
9. A machine is artificially intelligent when it can accomplish tasks by itself.
10. Is a smart washing machine an example of Artificially Intelligent devices?
11. Platforms like Netflix, Amazon, Spotify, YouTube etc. show us recommendations on the basis of
what we like.

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12. A person’s ability to recognize and create sounds, rhythms, and sound patterns is known as
Musical Intelligence. (True/False)
13. If a person is well aware of self weakness and strengths or own feelings is known as _________
intelligence.
14. An additional category of intelligence relating to religious and spiritual awareness is known as
Existential Intelligence. (True/False)
15. The ability to communicate with others by understanding other people’s feelings influence the
person is known as __________ intelligence.
a. Naturalist Intelligence b. Interpersonal intelligence
c. Intrapersonal Intelligence d. Musical Intelligence
16. The basis of decision-making depends upon
a. The available information and experience b. Prejudices and Suggestions
c. Own beliefs and Knowledge d. Internet facts
17. Which of the following is not a domain of AI?
a. Data Science b. Computer Vision
c. Natural Language Processing d. Neural Network
18. The information extracted through data science can be used to make a decision about it.
(True/False)
19. ________ is a domain of AI-related to data systems and processes, in which the system collects
numerous data, maintains data sets and derives meaning/sense out of them.
20. Which of the following is an example of data science?
a. Social media websites b. Price Comparison websites
c. Online Shopping websites d. Blog web sites
21. Which of the following forms of AI is the most advanced?
a. Machine Learning b. Deep Learning
c. Neural Network d. None of the above
22. The ________ is the domain of AI that depicts the capability of a machine to get and analyse
visual information and afterwards predict some decisions about it.
23. Which of the following translates digital visual data into descriptions and then turned into a
computer-readable language to aid the decision-making?
a. Computer Vision b. PixelLab
c. Pixel It d. Pixar
24. Which of the following is an example of a CV?
a. Self-driving cars b. Smart Interactions
c. Face Locks d. All of these
25. NLP stands for ___________________.
26. _________ is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction between computers
and humans using the natural language.
27. Which of the following is an example of NLP?
a. Online translator b. Email filters
c. Smart Assistants d. All of these
28. Which of the following component of NLP establish linkage with natural language inputs and
analyse different aspects of language?
a. NLU b. NLG c. NLTK d. NLC
29. ___________ produces meaningful phrases and sentences in the form of natural language.
30. The full form of NLU is _____________
a. Natural Language Understanding b.Natural Language Utilization
c. Natural Langauge Unity d. Natural Language Union
31. The full form of NLG is ___________
a. Natural Language Group b. Natural Langauge Gap
c. Natural Language Generation d. Natural Language gaming
32. The machine’s ability to mimic human traits such as making decisions, predicting the future,
learning and improving is known as ______________.
a. Machine Intelligence b. Artificial Intelligence
c. Machine Learning d.Machine Automation
33. Which of the following is not a virtual assistant?
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 a. Alexa b. Cortana c. Siri d. Chatbot
34. AI can be used in games to the encouragement of gamers. (True/False)
35. You are getting Amazon, Netflix, Spotify, and youtube recommendations based on which of the
following?
a. Company Rules b. Government Policy
c. User behaviour d. None of these
36. Which of the following is the very first humanoid robot?
a. Sophia b. ASIMO c. Pepper d. Romeo
37. All smart devices are considered AI-enabled devices. (True/False)
38. Which of the following is not AI?
a. Humanoid robots b. Self Driving Cars
c. An automated Air Conditioner d. All of these
39. ___________ is a subset of Artificial Intelligence which enables machines to improve at tasks
with experience.
40. What are the demerits of Artificial Intelligence?
a. Create Unemployment b. Decrease the work quality
c. Unstructured Data collection d. All of the above

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:- 2 marks each

1. What do you understand by Interpersonal Intelligence?
2. What is AI Domain?
3. What is the purpose of Data Science in AI?
4. What is Machine Learning?
5. What is Computer Vision? Give an example of it.
6. What is Natural Language Processing? Give an example of it.
7. What do you understand by Data Privacy?
8. What is AI Ethics?
9. What is a AI Bias?
10. Is data which is collected by various applications ethical in nature? Justify your answer.
11. What are the concerns related to the use of AI to control defence equipment?
12. How does a machine become Artificially Intelligent?
13. Mention four examples of machines that are not AI but confused with AI.
14. How does learning and adapting help an AI machine in improvising itself?
15. What is Deep Learning, and how is it used in real-world?
16. What are the moral issues related to self-driving cars?
17. AI increased the gap between two classes of people. Which are these two classes of people?
18. Why AI models are biased in one or another way? Explain it.
19. Is it ethical that children to use technology to help to finish their study-related work?
20. What is the major AI ethical concern related to AI adoption?

DESCRIPTIVE/ LONG ANSwer TYPE QUESTIONS:- 4 marks each

1. What do you understand by AI bias? Discuss in detail with some examples.
2. What do you understand by Data Privacy? Discuss in detail with some examples.
3. What do you understand by AI, ML & DL? How are they different from each other?
4. Should AI replace laborious jobs? Is there an alternative for major unemployment?
5. What is Intelligence? Explain in brief any three types of intelligence that are mainly perceived by
human beings?
6. How can AI be integrated with non-AI technologies? Explain with the help of an example.
7. How AI helps in giving you personalized experience online?
8. Give some example of NLP applications (Natural Language Processing).
9. What are the different areas where AI has a great impact?
10. Write four popular AI apps and tools.

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Answer of objective question
1. Machines 21. Deep Learning
2. Artificial 22. Computer Vision/CV
3. Intelligence 23. Computer Vision
4. data / past experience/knowledge 24. All of these
5. (data) 25. Natural Language Processing
6. Mathematical Logical Reasoning 26. Natural Language Processing/NLP
7. Linguistic Intelligence 27. All of these
8. Spatial Visual Intelligence 28. NLU
9. TRUE 29. NLG
10. False 30. Natural Language Understanding
11. True 31. Natural Language Generation
12. True 32. Artificial Intelligence
13. Intrapersonal) 33. Chatbot
14. True 34. True
15. Interpersonal intelligence 35. User behavior
16. The available information and experience 36. Sophia
17. Neural Network 37. False
18. True 38. An automated Air Conditioner
19. Data Science 39. Machine Learning
20. Price Comparison websites 40. Create Unemployment

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