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The Fourier Transform is a mathematical operation that converts a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain, allowing for analysis of its frequency content. It includes definitions for both the continuous and discrete Fourier Transform, as well as conditions for convergence and properties such as periodicity and linearity. The document also discusses the inverse Fourier Transform and various techniques for calculating the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and its properties.

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5 views

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The Fourier Transform is a mathematical operation that converts a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain, allowing for analysis of its frequency content. It includes definitions for both the continuous and discrete Fourier Transform, as well as conditions for convergence and properties such as periodicity and linearity. The document also discusses the inverse Fourier Transform and various techniques for calculating the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and its properties.

Uploaded by

rashi.singh.1710
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fourier Transform

Fourier Transform
The Fourier Transform is a mathematical operation that transforms a
function or signal from time domain, into a representation in the
frequency domain.
The Fourier Transform decomposes a signal into its constituent
frequencies, providing insight into the signal's frequency content.
In the frequency domain,, the same signal is represented as a sum of
sinusoidal functions (sines and cosines) at different frequencies, each
with its amplitude and phase
Mathematical Definition
The continuous Fourier Transform of a function f(t) is given by

Here, F(ω) is the Fourier Transform of f(t)


ω is the angular frequency,
j is the imaginary unit,
e−jωt represents a complex exponential function.
nverse Fourier Transform
The original function f(t) can be recovered from its Fourier Transform
F(ω) using the inverse Fourier Transform:
Convergence of Fourier Transforms—The
Transforms Dirichlet
Conditions
For Continuous time signals, the following conditions (Dirichlet
(
Conditions)) are sufficient for the convergence of X(jω).
X(
1. x(t) is absolutely integrable

2. x(t) should have finite number of maxima and minima within any
finite interval.
3. x(t) has a finite number of discontinuities within any finite interval
Fourier Spectra
Find Fourier transform of
Home work
Find Fourier transform of
For the following signal x(t), find the FT and FT spectra
Home work
Find the Fourier Transform of
Home Work
Ques. Based on properties
Find the Fourier transform of
Find the Fourier transform of
Home Work
Home Work
Home Work
Home Work
Find energy using Parseval’s theorem
erse Fourier Transform

Inverse Fourier Transform is a mathematical operation that transforms a signal fro


requency domain representation back to its time domain (or spatial domain)
resentation.
the reverse process of the Fourier Transform.
Find IFT
Find IFT
Find IFT
Home Work
Find IFT
Find IFT
ome Work
d IFT
Fourier Transform in Discrete Time
DTFT (Discrete-Time
Time Fourier Transform): It operates on infinite-length
sequences and provides a continuous frequency representation.
representation

DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform): The DFT is specifically designed for


discrete, finite-length sequences.. It transforms a finite set of data
points into a discrete set of frequency components.
components
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
The Fourier transform transforms the sequence x[n] to X(Ω) which is
continuous and periodic.
The original finite duration signal can be easily recovered from its DFT
since there exists one to one correspondence between x[n] and the
Fourier transformed discrete signal.
For the calculation of the DFT of finite duration sequences, a very
efficient and fast techniques known as First Fourier Transform (FFT)
has been developed.
Fourier Transform of x[n]
Fourier Transform of x[n]

X(Ω) is the continuous function of Ω.


Ω
The range of Ω is from −π to π or 0 to 2π
When Fourier transform X(Ω)) is calculated at only discrete points k, it
is called Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
The DFT is denoted by X(k)

where k = 0, 1, 2, . . . , (N − 1).
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
Four Point Twiddle Factor
Four Point Twiddle Factor
the magnitude of the twiddle factor is 1 and the phase angle is − 2π/N
It lies on the unit circle in the complex plane from 0 to 2π angle and it
gets repeated for every cycle.
Four Point Twiddle Factor
Six Point Twiddle Factor
Six Point Twiddle Factor
Eight Point Twiddle Factor
Eight Point Twiddle Factor
Home Work
Home Work
Properties of DFT
Periodicity
If x[n] is the input sequence and X(k) is the N-point
N DFT of x[n], then
the periodicity of x[n] and X(k) are defined as
Properties of DFT
Linearity
Let x1[n] and x2[n] be two N-point
point sequences whose DFTs are X1(k)
and X2(k). Then
Properties of DFT
Complex Conjugate Symmetry
Properties of DFT
Circular Time Shifting
Properties of DFT
Circular Frequency Shifting
Properties of DFT
Multiplication of Two DFTs
The multiplication of two DFTs is equal to circular convolution of two
sequences in time domain.
Properties of DFT
Parseval’s Theorem
Circular Convolution
The circular convolution of two sequences is symbolically represented
as
Circular Convolution
Circular Convolution
Circular Convolution-Matrix
Matrix Multiplication
Method
Circular Convolution
Circular Convolution
Circular Convolution-DFT
DFT-IDFT Method
IDFT
For the IDFT, the twiddle factor is almost the same but with a positive
sign in the exponent

the twiddle factor of the IDFT is the complex conjugate of the DFT's
twiddle factor
Circular Convolution-DFT
DFT-IDFT Method

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