MATHEMATICS 10

School Year 2024-2025

A. Definition of Sequence
B. Arithmetic Sequences
C. Arithmetic Series
D. Geometric Sequences
E. Geometric Series
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 Quarter 1
II. Polynomials
A. Division of Polynomials
B. Synthetic Division
C. The Remainder Theorem
D. The Factor Theorem

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 Quarter 1
III. Polynomial Equations

A. Factoring Polynomials
B. Finding Roots of Polynomial Equations
C. The Rational Root Theorem

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 Session 1

Patterns and Sequences

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 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, you are
expected to:
• generate patterns;
• solve problems involving patterns
and sequences.

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WARM UP EXERCISES

What’s Next?
 A, B, C, E, F, G, ?

Answer: I

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 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, ?

Answer: 11

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 A, 1, B, 2, C, 3, ?

Answer: D

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 1, 9, 25, 49, 81, ?

Answer: 121

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 P, E, M, D, A, ?

Answer: S

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 O, T, T, F, F, S, S, E, N,?

Answer: T

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 R, O, Y, G, B, I, ?

Answer: V

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 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ?

Answer: 36

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 T, Q, P, H, H, O, ?

Answer: N

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 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, ?

Answer: 27

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 PROBLEM
Justin prepared a bucket list of what to do to keep him
busy and productive during the Enhanced Community
Quarantine (ECQ). On top of his list is the practice of
playing guitar. He made a schedule of practice for each
day. He started practicing for 30 minutes on Day 1 and
increased the practice time by 5 minutes each day.
1. What is the pattern of practice time when Justin
played his guitar each day?
2. Give the amount of time he spent in practicing his
guitar from Day 1 to Day 5.
3. If the pattern of practice continued, how many
minutes of practice did he spend on the 30th day
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 The set of numbers 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 is
called a sequence.

A sequence is an ordered collection

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 𝒏 1 2 3 4 5
𝑎𝑛 30 35 40 45 50

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 A sequence may be denoted by the notations
where 𝒂𝟏 is the first term, 𝒂𝟐 is the second
term, and so on, and 𝒂𝒏 is the nth term or last
term.
Thus, in our example,

𝑎1 = 30, 𝑎2 = 35, 𝑎3 = 40, 𝑎4 = 45, 𝑎5 = 50

𝑎𝑛 = 5𝑛 + 25
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 A sequence is a function whose domain is the
finite set of natural numbers {1,2,3,…,n } or the
infinite set of natural numbers {1,2,3,…}.
Given: 𝑓 𝑛 = 5𝑛 + 25

𝑓 1 = 5 1 + 25 = 30
𝑓 2 = 5 2 + 25 = 35
.
.
.
𝑓 5 = 5 5 + 25 = 50
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 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 - finite sequence

30, 35, 40, 45, 50, … - infinite sequence

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 Example 1:
Find the first three terms of a sequence
whose nth term is
𝒂𝒏 = 𝟓 – 𝟐𝒏.
Solution:
𝑎1 = 5 – 2(1) = 5 – 2 = 3
𝑎2 = 5 – 2(2) = 5 – 4 = 1
𝑎3 = 5 – 2(3) = 5 – 6 = −1
First three terms: 3, 1, −1
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 Example 2:
Find the first five terms of the sequence
𝑛 𝑛−1
𝑎𝑛 = −1 ∙ 3

First 5 terms: −1, 3, −9, 27, −81

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Example 3:
What is the nth term of the sequence
2, 4, 8, 16, 32, … ?

Solution:
1 2 3 4 5
2 = 2 , 4 = 2 , 8 = 2 , 16 = 2 , 32 = 2 ,

𝑛
𝑎𝑛 = 2
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 Example 4:
What is the nth term of the sequence
− 1, 3, −5, 7, −9, … ?
Solution:
Note: The terms are odd numbers with
alternating signs.

𝒏
𝒂𝒏 = −𝟏 𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏

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 Example 5:
Find the first four terms of the
sequence defined recursively by
𝑎1 = 4 and 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛−1 + 3, for 𝑛 > 1.

First 4 terms: 4, 7, 10, 13

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 Try this!
Find the first five terms of each sequence.
1. 𝑎𝑛 = 1 − 3𝑛 −𝟐, −𝟓, −𝟖, −𝟏𝟏, −𝟏𝟒
𝑛 −𝟓, 𝟕, −𝟗, 𝟏𝟏, −𝟏𝟑
2. 𝑎𝑛 = −1 2𝑛 + 3
3. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛 𝑛 + 3 𝟒, 𝟏𝟎, 𝟏𝟖, 𝟐𝟖, 𝟒𝟎
4. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 + 3𝑛 + 2 𝟔, 𝟏𝟐, 𝟐𝟎, 𝟑𝟎, 𝟒𝟐
5. 𝑎1 = 2, 𝑎2 = 3, 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑎𝑛−2 for 𝑛 > 2
𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟔, 𝟏𝟖, 𝟏𝟎𝟖

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Find the nth term of each sequence.
1. 4, 5, 6, 7, … 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒏 + 𝟑
𝟐
2.
2 2 2 2
, , , ,… 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒏
3 9 27 81 𝟑
𝒏−𝟏
3. 𝑎, −𝑎, 𝑎, −𝑎, … 𝒂𝒏 = −𝟏 𝒂

4. 2 + 3, 4 + 3, 6 + 3, 8 + 3, …
𝒂𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏 + 𝟑
𝒏
5. −2, 4, −8, 16, … 𝒂𝒏 = −𝟐
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