Here’s a comprehensive list of interview questions in each category:

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JavaScript (50 Questions)

1. Explain closures in JavaScript with an example.

2. What is the difference between == and ===?

3. How does the event loop work in JavaScript?

4. What is the purpose of async/await?

5. Explain call(), apply(), and bind() in JavaScript.

6. What are Promises, and how do they work?

7. What is the this keyword? How is it determined?

8. How do you debounce and throttle functions?

9. What are JavaScript data types?

10. What is the difference between null and undefined?

11. How do you deep clone an object?

12. What are arrow functions, and how are they different from regular functions?

13. What is prototypal inheritance?

14. Explain the difference between for...of and for...in.

15. What are modules in JavaScript?

16. What is a higher-order function?

17. What are IIFEs (Immediately Invoked Function Expressions)?

18. What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous code?

19. How does JavaScript handle memory management?

20. What is hoisting?

21. Explain the concept of promises chaining.

22. How do you handle errors in JavaScript?

23. What are generators in JavaScript?

24. What is the purpose of the Symbol type?

25. What are JavaScript design patterns?

26. Explain the Object.freeze() method.

27. What is the difference between map() and forEach()?

28. How does the reduce() function work?

29. What is JSON.stringify() and JSON.parse()?

30. What are service workers?

31. What is the DOM in JavaScript?

32. How do you manipulate the DOM?

33. What is the difference between document.querySelector and document.getElementById?

34. What is the Fetch API?

35. Explain the Set and Map objects in JavaScript.

36. What is the difference between window and document?

37. What are JavaScript events?

38. How does JavaScript handle asynchronous programming?

39. Explain the concept of event delegation.

40. What is the difference between var, let, and const?

41. What are WeakSet and WeakMap?

42. How does garbage collection work in JavaScript?

43. What is eval() and why is it discouraged?

44. Explain the concept of polyfills.

45. What are template literals?

46. What is the typeof operator?

47. How does the instanceof operator work?

48. What are the new features in ES6?

49. How do you handle modules in JavaScript?

50. What is a callback function?

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React (50 Questions)

1. What is React?

2. Explain the virtual DOM and how it works.

3. What are React components?

4. What is the difference between functional and class components?

5. What are React Hooks?

6. What is the useState hook?

7. How does useEffect work?

8. What is the difference between useEffect and componentDidMount?

9. How does React handle state management?

10. What is Redux?

11. How does Redux differ from the Context API?

12. Explain React lifecycle methods.

13. What is the purpose of keys in React?

14. How do you optimize a React application?

15. What is React.memo?

16. What is the difference between useReducer and useState?

17. What is the useRef hook?

18. What is prop drilling?

19. How do you handle forms in React?

20. What is React Router?

21. How do you pass data between components?

22. What are controlled and uncontrolled components?

23. How does server-side rendering (SSR) work in React?

24. What is Next.js?

25. What are fragments in React?

26. What are higher-order components (HOCs)?

27. How does lazy loading work in React?

28. What is suspense in React?

29. How do portals work in React?

30. What is the useContext hook?

31. What are synthetic events in React?

32. What is reconciliation in React?

33. What is the difference between componentDidMount and componentWillUnmount?

34. How do you test React components?

35. What is Jest?

36. What are snapshots in testing?

37. What is Flux architecture?

38. What are error boundaries?

39. What is the purpose of default props?

40. How do you debug React applications?

41. What are React dev tools?

42. What is the useCallback hook?

43. What is the difference between stateful and stateless components?

44. What is the difference between a library and a framework?

45. What is PropTypes in React?

46. How does reconciliation work in React?

47. What is the difference between React and Angular?

48. What are React design patterns?

49. How does React handle memory leaks?

50. How does React handle accessibility?

Backend & APIs (50 Questions)

1. What is REST, and what are its key principles?

2. What is the difference between REST and SOAP?

3. How do you design a RESTful API?

4. What are HTTP methods, and how are they used in REST?

5. What is the difference between PUT and PATCH?

6. How do you secure an API?

7. What is the purpose of API versioning, and how is it implemented?

8. What are authentication methods (e.g., JWT, OAuth)?

9. What is CORS, and how do you handle it?

10. How does a load balancer work?

11. What are microservices, and how are they different from monoliths?

12. How do you handle rate limiting in APIs?

13. What is an API gateway, and why is it used?

14. What are webhooks, and how do they work?

15. Explain the differences between session-based and token-based authentication.

16. How do you handle error responses in REST APIs?

17. What is the purpose of status codes in HTTP?

18. What is GraphQL, and how does it differ from REST?

19. How do you manage database connections in a backend server?

20. What is middleware in backend development?

21. How do you optimize database queries?

22. What is caching, and how is it implemented in APIs?

23. What are the benefits of using a message queue (e.g., RabbitMQ, Kafka)?

24. How do you handle file uploads in a backend server?

25. What is the purpose of database indexing?

26. What are ACID properties in databases?

27. How do you perform database migrations?

28. What are NoSQL databases, and how do they differ from SQL databases?

29. How do you scale a backend application?

30. What are distributed systems?

31. How do you monitor backend server performance?

32. What is serverless architecture?

33. How does WebSocket differ from HTTP?

34. What are gRPC and its use cases?

35. How do you handle background tasks in a backend application?

36. What is the difference between horizontal and vertical scaling?

37. How do you implement a cron job in your backend?

38. What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous processing?

39. How do you implement OAuth 2.0 in an API?

40. What are API testing tools like Postman or Swagger?

41. What is the difference between SQL JOIN types?

42. What is the purpose of a reverse proxy?

43. How do you debug API issues?

44. How do you log errors in a backend application?

45. What are REST constraints, and why are they important?

46. What is API rate limiting, and how is it enforced?

47. What is a content delivery network (CDN)?

48. What is HATEOAS in REST APIs?

49. How do you optimize API response times?

50. What are the best practices for REST API development?

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Projects & Problem-Solving (50 Questions)

1. Can you describe your most challenging project?

2. How did you handle a situation where a key feature wasn’t working as expected?

3. What is your process for debugging a large codebase?

4. How do you approach designing a new feature?

5. How do you prioritize tasks in a project?

6. Can you walk me through your Prism chatbot project?

7. How did you decide on the tech stack for Phrazify?

8. What would you change about one of your past projects?

9. How do you manage team collaboration during a project?

10. What is your approach to integrating third-party APIs?

11. How do you ensure your code is maintainable?

12. Can you explain a scenario where you faced a production bug?

13. How do you measure the success of a project?

14. How do you handle scope changes in a project?

15. How do you ensure accessibility in your projects?

16. How do you track project dependencies?

17. Can you describe a situation where you optimized performance?

18. How do you write unit tests for your applications?

19. Can you explain your approach to version control?

20. How do you implement user authentication?

21. How do you design a database schema for a project?

22. How do you scale a project for high traffic?

23. Can you describe how you handled real-time data in Morphosys?

24. How do you decide between client-side and server-side rendering?

25. How do you handle file uploads and storage?

26. What tools do you use for project management?

27. How do you document your codebase?

28. What is your approach to API design?

29. Can you describe a time you worked with a cross-functional team?

30. How do you estimate time for project delivery?

31. How do you integrate CI/CD pipelines in your projects?

32. Can you walk me through the lifecycle of a feature?

33. What challenges did you face while building TalentSwap?

34. How do you handle conflicts in a project team?

35. How do you implement analytics in a project?

36. How do you manage state in complex applications?

37. What is your approach to performance monitoring?

38. How do you ensure your project is secure?

39. How do you migrate data between versions?

40. What is your approach to testing REST APIs?

41. How do you handle mobile responsiveness?

42. How do you implement role-based access control?

43. How do you manage environment variables in a project?

44. How do you design a scalable microservice?

45. How do you measure latency in APIs?

46. How do you ensure seamless deployment?

47. What is your approach to error handling?

48. How do you implement search functionality in an application?

49. How do you optimize SQL queries?

50. How do you handle multilingual support in your projects?

CSS (50 Questions)

1. What is the difference between relative, absolute, and fixed positioning?

2. Explain the box model in CSS.

3. How does Flexbox work, and what are its key properties?

4. What is CSS Grid, and how does it differ from Flexbox?

5. What are pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements in CSS?

6. How do you create responsive designs using media queries?

7. What is the difference between inline, inline-block, and block elements?

8. How does z-index work in CSS?

9. What are CSS transitions, and how do they differ from animations?

10. What is the difference between em, rem, px, and % in CSS?

11. What is specificity in CSS, and how is it calculated?

12. How does inheritance work in CSS?

13. What is the difference between max-width and min-width?

14. What are keyframes in CSS animations?

15. How do you optimize CSS for performance?

16. What is the difference between visibility: hidden and display: none?

17. How do you implement a sticky footer in CSS?

18. What is the difference between relative and absolute units in CSS?

19. How do CSS preprocessors like SASS or LESS work?

20. What is a CSS reset, and why is it used?

21. What are CSS variables, and how are they used?

22. How do you implement a custom scrollbar using CSS?

23. How do you prevent content from overflowing its container?

24. What is the difference between float and position?

25. How do you vertically and horizontally center an element in CSS?

26. How does the clip-path property work?

27. What are CSS combinators, and how are they used?
28. What is the difference between nth-child() and nth-of-type()?

29. How do you style a form using CSS?

30. What is the purpose of the object-fit property?

31. What are CSS pseudo-classes like hover, focus, and active?

32. What is the difference between overflow: auto and overflow: scroll?

33. How do you create a responsive grid layout using CSS?

34. What are the different types of selectors in CSS?

35. How do you implement dark mode using CSS?

36. What is the difference between ::before and :before?

37. What are the benefits of using Tailwind CSS?

38. How do you handle browser compatibility issues in CSS?

39. What is the important! rule in CSS, and when should it be used?

40. How do you hide an element but keep it accessible to screen readers?

41. What is the difference between position: sticky and fixed?

42. How does the filter property work in CSS?

43. What is the purpose of the backdrop-filter property?

44. How do you implement a loading spinner using CSS?

45. How do you style images to make them responsive?

46. What are CSS modules, and how do they work?

47. What is the purpose of the pointer-events property?

48. How do you create a dropdown menu using only CSS?

49. How do you use gradients in CSS?

50. How do you debug CSS issues effectively?

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System Design (50 Questions)

1. How do you design a URL shortening service like Bitly?

2. Design a scalable chat application.

3. How would you design an e-commerce platform?

4. How do you design a system for real-time stock price updates?

5. Design a ride-sharing service like Uber.

6. How do you design a video streaming platform?

7. Design a messaging queue system like RabbitMQ.

8. How would you design a load balancer?

9. Design a scalable database for a social media platform.

10. How do you design a search engine?

11. What are the trade-offs between consistency and availability?

12. How do you design a distributed caching system?

13. Design a notification service for a web application.

14. How do you handle file storage in a system?

15. How would you design a payment gateway system?

16. Design a collaborative document editing tool like Google Docs.

17. How do you design a recommendation system?

18. What is sharding, and how is it used in databases?

19. How do you design an API rate-limiting service?

20. How do you scale a monolithic application?

21. What is the purpose of a CDN?

22. How do you implement pagination in a large dataset?

23. Design a logging and monitoring system.

24. How do you design a ticket booking system?

25. How would you design a food delivery system?

26. How do you handle database replication?

27. What is the CAP theorem?

28. How do you design a metrics tracking system?

29. Design a photo-sharing platform like Instagram.

30. How do you implement a throttling mechanism?

31. Design a library management system.

32. How do you ensure high availability in a distributed system?

33. What is a leader election algorithm?

34. Design a job scheduling system.

35. How do you handle concurrency in distributed systems?

36. How do you optimize database reads?

37. Design a rate-limiting algorithm for an API.

38. How do you design a session management system?

39. How do you design a DNS system?

40. What are the benefits of microservices architecture?

41. Design a hotel booking system.

42. How do you handle failover in a distributed system?

43. How do you scale a chat service for millions of users?

44. How do you design a leaderboard system?

45. What is eventual consistency?

46. Design an ad-serving platform.

47. How do you manage configurations in a distributed system?

48. How do you design a system for distributed transactions?

49. How do you design a content management system?

50. How do you handle database schema changes?

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Development Principles & Rules (50 Questions)

1. What is the SOLID principle in software development?

2. Explain the single responsibility principle.

3. What is the open-closed principle?

4. What is the Liskov substitution principle?

5. Explain the interface segregation principle.

6. What is the dependency inversion principle?

7. What is DRY (Don’t Repeat Yourself)?

8. What is KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid)?

9. What is YAGNI (You Aren’t Gonna Need It)?

10. Explain the concept of cohesion in software design.

11. What is coupling in software development?

12. What is the difference between cohesion and coupling?

13. What is the purpose of design patterns?

14. What is the factory design pattern?

15. What is the singleton pattern?

16. Explain the observer design pattern.

17. What is the MVC architecture?

18. What is the MVVM architecture?

19. What is the repository pattern?

20. How do you ensure code readability?

21. What is TDD (Test-Driven Development)?

22. What is BDD (Behavior-Driven Development)?

23. What is the Agile development methodology?

24. Explain continuous integration (CI).

25. What is continuous deployment (CD)?

26. What is version control, and why is it important?

27. What is the purpose of a code review?

28. How do you write maintainable code?

29. What are anti-patterns in software development?

30. What is the principle of least privilege?

31. How do you handle technical debt?

32. What is refactoring, and why is it important?

33. How do you document a codebase effectively?

34. What is the role of unit tests in development?

35. What are integration tests?

36. What is the difference between black-box and white-box testing?

37. How do you handle edge cases in your code?

38. What is defensive programming?

39. How do you manage project dependencies?

40. How do you handle breaking changes in APIs?

41. What is code modularity?

42. What are microservices?

43. What is domain-driven design (DDD)?

44. What is the 12-factor app methodology?

45. How do you ensure security in application development?

46. What are the benefits of pair programming?

47. How do you handle performance bottlenecks in a system?

48. What are the benefits of functional programming?

49. What is event-driven architecture?

50. How do you ensure scalability in software design?