Class IX Chapter 3

Values and Data Types: 1, 2 & 3

Extract From Syllabus:
3. Values and data types
Character Set: ASCII code, Unicode Tokens and its Types: Keywords ……
Lesson 1
Character Set
Character set is a set of valid characters that a language can recognize.
E.g.: A b c d are valid character set of English language. Special characters such as ? , . + - * etc and
digits 0,1, 2,3 etc also valid characters of English language.
Computer Character Sets
Computer language also two character sets.These are ASCII and Unicode.
ASCII
The basic computer character set is ASCII. Full form of ASCII is American Standard Code for
Information Interchange. There are 256 characters in ASCII.
ASCII Characters and Values:
A 65 B 66 … Z 90
a 97 b 98 … z 122
0 48 1 49 … 9 57
space 32
Other numeric values are for special characters and some symbols.
ASCII in Java
When a character stores into an integer variable it results its ASCII number.
E.g.:
int x = ‘A’;
System.out.println(x);
The output is 65.
When an integer value stores into a char variable it results its ASCII character.
E.g.:
char y = 66;
System.out.println(y);
The output is B.
Write output:
int n='a';
char c=98;
int x=‘1’;
System.out.println(n);
System.out.println(c);
System.out.println(x);
Output:
97
b
49
Unicode
The character set of Java is Unicode. It is a two byte character code set. It consists alphabets of
English, Malayalam, Hindi, Tamil, German, Arabic etc. i.e., characters of almost all human languages.
There are 65536 characters in Unicode.
Unicode is written by using \u followed by a four digit number in single quotes.
The Unicode for A is ‘\u0041’. The System.out.println('\u0041'); results A.
The Unicode for a is ‘\u0061’. The System.out.println('\u0061'); results a.
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ICSE IX 2 Values and Data Types
Write output:
System.out.println('\u0042');
System.out.println('\u0063');
Answer:
B
c
Answer the following:
1) ASCII value of 2
2) ASCII value of ‘ ’ (space)
Answer:
1) 50
2) 32
Answer the following:
1) Number of characters in ASCII
2) Number of characters in Unicode
Answer:
1) 256
2) 65536

Not for exam; only for knowledge:

Use of ASCII
Programs are typed in English. To convert English into computer language, i.e, machine language
(binary digits 0 and 1) it requires some numbers. These numbers are ASCII values and Unicode
values. The letter A is an ASCII character and 65 is its ASCII value. From this 65 the binary
1000001 is derived. (Reverse of remainders when 65 is divided by 2 till quotient becomes 0).

Not for exam; only for knowledge:

Decimal to Binary Conversion of ‘A’:
To store A into computer memory
2 65
2 32 1
2 16 0
2 8 0
2 4 0
2 2 0
2 1 0
0 1 6510 = 10000012 (Binary of A)
Decimal to Binary Conversion of ‘B’:
To store B into computer memory
2 66
2 33 0
2 16 1
2 8 0
2 4 0
2 2 0
2 1 0
0 1 6610 = 10000102 (Binary of B)

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Values and Data Types 3 ICSE X
Lesson 2
Tokens in General
The smallest individual unit in a program is known as a token. A token is formed by one or more
valid characters.
Keywords, Identifiers, Literals, Punctuators and Operators (KILPO) are tokens in Java.
Meaningful combination of tokens is known as statements; in other words statements are formed with
tokens. E.g.: int a=5, b=3; int s=a+b;
1. Identify the tokens in the statement given below:
int a=5,b=3;
Answer:
int Keyword
a b Identifiers
= Operator
5 3 Literals
, ; Punctuators / Separators
2. Identify the tokens in the following:
public class Sum
{
}
Answer:
class Keyword
Sum Identifier (name of the class)
{} Punctuator / Separator
3. Identify the tokens in the following:
public static void main()
Answer:
public static void Keywords
main Identifier (name of a method)
() Punctuator / Separator
4. Identify the tokens in the following:
System.out.println(“Hello”);
Answer:
System.out.println Identifier (Pre-defined method name)
“Hello” Literal (String literal)
. () ; Punctuators / Separators
5. Identify the tokens in the following:
String s=“Aneena”;
Answer:
String Identifier (Pre-defined class name)
s Identifier (User-defined variable name)
= Operator
“Aneena” Literal (String literal)
; Punctuator / Separator

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ICSE IX 4 Values and Data Types
Lesson 3
Keywords
Keywords are words that convey special meaning to the compiler. They are reserved for special uses.
Keywords should not be used as identifiers (class name, method name, variable name, object name etc.)
Keywords are used to describe identifiers. E.g.: class Sum. The class is a keyword and the Sum is
an identifier. It describes that the Sum is a class.
The class is shortform of classification i.e, category, group etc.
The int a means (describes) that the type of variable a is int (int means integer)
Answer the following:
Name the keyword to determine that a class can be executed by any other class
public
Name the keyword to define a class
class
Name the three essential keywords to define main() method
public static void
Name the keyword used to declare integer data type variable to store up to 2 billion.
int
Name the keyword to declare real data type variable to store up to 17 digits. (numbers with decimal point)
double
Name the keyword used to declare a character data type for a variable.
char
Case Sensitivity
Case means uppercase (capital letters) and lowercase (small letters). Java considers capital letters
and small letters are different. If we write a keyword as Public, as the P is capital letter Java cannot
recognize it as a keyword. Keywords should be always in small letters.
Correct the errors:
Public class Sum
Int sum=5+3;
Double d=3.5*2;
Answer:
public class Sum //public is a keyword. The p should be in small letter
int sum=5+3; //int is a keyword. The i should be in small letter
double d=3.5*2; //double is a keyword. The d should be in small letter
Correct the errors:
String class=“9 A”;
int double=b*2;
Answer:
String Class=“9 A”; //C of Class is capital. So it is not a keyword
int Double= b*2; //D of Double is capital. So it is not a keyword

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