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IT Skill LAB -1

Masters of Business Administration (Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University)

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A
PROJECT REPORT
ON

IT- SKILLS (KMBN-151)

DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

LUCKNOW

(2022-2023)

Under the guidance of: Submitted by:

Mr. Ravi Kant Mishra

APOLLO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KANPUR (U.P)

Submitted For

“ THE PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE AWARD OF DEGREE, MASTER OF

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATON (MBA) ”

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that …………………….. has undertaken this project work entitled “IT-
SKILLS” for the partial fulfillment of the award of Master of Business Administration (M.B.A)
degree from Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow (U.P).

As per best of my knowledge this project work is an original piece of work and has not been
submitted or published elsewhere.

I wish him/her all the best for his/her bright future ahead.

Signature:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Success is an effort bounded activity that involves co-operationof all. I hereby take the
opportunity to express my profoundsense of gratitude and reverence to all those who have
helpedand encouraged me towards successful completion of the Project Report. It has been a
great experience working on the concept of “IT-SKILLS”.

It gives me complete insight of this concept of marketing and itsapplication.

I would like to thank my Project Guide Mr. Ravi Kant Mishra for his immense guidance,
valuable help and the opportunity provided to me to complete the project under his guidance.

I would like to thank all faculty members of APOLLO INSTITUTEOF TECHNOLOGY

KANPUR for guiding and supporting me in the completion of project from time to time.

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PRACTICAL -1st

OBJECTIVE : Format using the Slide Master ( In Presentation software)

INTRODUCTION STEPS ARE AS FOLLOWS:

1.Click on slide 1 in the normal view.

2.Click View tab and select SlideMaster located in the Master Views group.

3.Format the slide master by selecting slide 1 located in the Slide/Outline pane and complete the
following steps:

1. Click anywhere in the Click to edit Master title style (this selects the text in the placeholder.)

2. Click the Home tab.

3. Change the font style in the master slide by clicking in the Font group, then click the arrow key next
to the font style box, select Bookman Old Style in the Font list box. (You will need to scroll down the
list of typefaces, if this typeface is not available, choose a similar font.)

4. Change the font color to pink by clicking the down-pointing arrow on the color option box.

5. Center align the title by clicking the center alignment button located in the Paragraph group.

6. To change the second level bullet style used in this template, make sure the Second level is still
selected and then click the arrow next to the bullet icon located in the Paragraph group in the Home

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tab. This will display various bullet styles, choose the Checkmark or another bullet style. Once you have
completed these steps you Master Slide should appear as follow:

7. Click Normal view button.

8. Move through the slide show to view the changes. (Note: the title attributes and level two bullets have
changed in every slide.)

9. Save your presentation.

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PRACTICAL NO. 2nd

OBJECTIVE : Goal Seek in Excel

INTRODUCTION : When you know the desired result of a single formula, but not the values the
formula needs for the result, you can use the Goal Seek feature. For example, you can afforda $1,800
monthly payment, so how much of a loan can you take out? When goal seeking, Excelplugs different
values into a cell until it finds one that works.

USAGE OF GOAL SEEK : Steps involved in this

1. Click the Data tab on the ribbon.

2. Click the What-If Analysis button.

3. Select Goal Seek.

The Goal Seek dialog box appears.

4. Select the cell with the formula where you want to define the result.

5. Click in the To value field.

6. Type the desired result of the formula.

7. Click in the By changing cell field.

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8. Select the cell you want to change to reach the desired result.

This cell must be a cell that is referenced by the formula.

9.Click OK.

Excel recalculates the formula and displays the value needed to achieve the formula result you desire in
the worksheet.

10. Click OK to confirm replacing the original worksheet values.

Clicking Cancel closes the dialog box and restores the original worksheet values. Excel replaces the
original values and the desired result is calculated.

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PRACTICAL NO. 3rd

OBJECTIVE: Understanding chart types, column chart, bar chart, line chart, pie chart, XY Scatter
chart , Area chart, surface chart, bubble chart.

INTRODUCTION: This particular Exercise explains the types of the charts that are the most
important one: Detailing are as follows: These charts supported by Excel.

THE PIE CHART:

• A Pie Chart displays one series of data. A data series is a row or column of numbers used for
charting. In the worksheet below, we have outlined a single data series. If we had selected
multiple series for the Pie Chart, Excel would ignore all but the first.

Single Data Series: Excel uses the row heading (series identifier) for the chart title and displays the data
asproportional slices of a pie (1st image below). One can customize the design of the pie chart soeither
numeric values or their percentages display on top of the slices of pie.

The legend can be moved to the top, bottom, left, right, or top right (" corner " in older
versions)of the chart. Legend names can be changed by changing the column headings in the sheet
orediting the chart directly in new Excel versions.

Popular Pie Chart sub-types include Pie Chart in 3-D (2nd chart above), Exploded Pie Chart (3rd

chart above), and Exploded Pie in 3-D. Other sub-types include the Pie of Pie and Bar of Pie -

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where a second pie or bar is created from certain values in the first pie. To customize, right-click

on the segment in the first pie and select " Format Data Point. "

THE COLUMN CHART: The Column Chart effectively compares a single set of data points, but it
shines when comparingmultiple series. Outlined in red, the image below shows the three data series
we're charting.Notice that we do not include the totals in our data series.

Multiple Data Series :Because Excel uses a different color for each data series, it's easy to see
how a single serieschanges over time, or compare multiple series over a given time period. The
Clustered ColumnChart is especially popular.

Clustered Column Chart

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Stacked Column Chart: With the Stacked Column Chart, data points for each time period are "
stacked " atop each other. This chart type shows each data point's percentage of the total.
Also available is the 100%.Stacked Column Chart, where each value is shown as a portion of 100%.

100% Stacked Column Chart: In a Column Chart, the vertical axis always displays numeric values, and
the horizontal axis displays time, names, or other category. By default, Excel plots whichever has the
most entries, row or column data, on the horizontal axis. For example, if plotting five rows and two
columns, row headings would reside along the horizontal axis. This can be flipped around
by customizing the Excel chart. All Column Charts have three-dimension versions—the Stacked
Column Chart is 3-D. But the"3-D Column Chart " is special because the chart itself is
three-dimensional using the X, Y, and Z axis. The first chart below is a 3-D Column Chart of our data
series.

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3-D Column Chart

3-D Pyramid Chart

In newer versions of Excel, cylinders, pyramids, and cones can be used instead of bars for most

of the Column charts. The second chart above shows a 3-D Pyramid Chart.

THE LINE CHART:

The Line Chart is especially effective in displaying trends. The vertical axis (Y-axis) always

displays numeric values and the horizontal axis (X-axis) displays time or other category.

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The first image shows the Line with Markers chart of our single data series. Markers—the

circles, squares, triangles, or other shapes which mark the data points—are optional, and Excel

displays a unique marker in shape and/or color for each data series.

The Line Chart is equally effective in displaying trends for multiple series as shown in the above

Line Chart without markers. Notice that each line is a different color.Though not as colorful as the other
charts, it is easy to see how effective the Line Chart inshowing a trend for a single series, and comparing
trends for multiple series of data values.Besides the Line Chart, we have the Stacked Line Chart and the
100% Stacked Line Chart – withor without markers. A 3-D Line Chart is available, but the Line Chart
does not display data wellin three dimension.

THE BAR CHART: The Bar Chart is like a Column Chart lying on its side. The horizontal axis of a
Bar Chartcontains the numeric values. The first chart below is the Bar Chart for our single series,
Flowers.When to use a Bar Chart versus a Column Chart depends on the type of data and user
preference.Sometimes it is worth the time to create both charts and compare the results. However,
BarCharts do tend to display and compare a large number of series better than the other chart types.

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All Bar Charts are available in 2-D and 3-D formats. Excel provides the Stacked Bar Chart and

100% Stacked Bar Chart. The second chart above is our 100% Stacked Bar Chart in 3-D. This

sub-type allows us to see what portion each data point has of of 100%.

As with the other chart types, new versions of Excel provide the option of using cylinders,

pyramids, or cones instead of bars.

THE AREA CHART:

Area Charts are like Line Charts except that the area below the plot line is solid. And like Line

Charts, Area Charts are used primarily to show trends over time or other category. The chart at

left is an Area Chart for our single series.

Also available are the Stacked Area Chart and 100% Stacked Area Chart. Each comes in 2-D

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format and in true 3-D format with X, Y, and Z axes. The chart at right is our 3-D Area Chart

and effectively displays our three series.

In many cases, the 2-D version of the Area Chart displays multiple series of data poorly as series

with lesser values may be completely hidden. In the first chart below, Flowers is totally hidden,

and just a wee bit of Trees peaks through. Not an effective chart.

This problem does not occur in the Stacked Area Chart shown above or the 100% Stacked AreaChart.

THE SCATTER CHART: The purpose of a Scatter Chart is to observe how the values of two series
compares over time orother category. To illustrate the Scatter Chart, we will use the worksheet values
shown below:

According to Scatter Plots (U. of Illinois), " Scatter plots are similar to line graphs in that they use
horizontal and vertical axes to plot data points. However, they have a very specific purpose. Scatter plots
show how much one variable is affected by another. The relationship between two variables is called
their co-relation. "

The series pair has a Positive Correlation if they increase similarly, and a Negative Correlation if they
both decrease in like manner. Otherwise, they have No Correlation. Excel does not use labels from the
worksheet to label the horizontal axis. It numbers the X-axis chronologically. The Scatter Chart comes
in several different formats: markers can indicate the data points, andthe points can be unconnected or
connected with smooth or straight lines. The first chart below isa Scatter Chart with Only Markers, and
the second chart is a Scatter Chart with Smooth Lines.

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In general, markers work well when the number of data points is small, and smooth lines
withoutmarkers are often used when the number of data points is large. But it is best to try the
differentsub-types to see which one best presents your data. For a good discussion on Scatter
Plots,see Scatter Plots - U. of Illinois.

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PRACTICAL -4th

Objective: Introduction to MS-Excel files, Workbooks, Worksheets, Columns and Rows. Formatting

Worksheets, AutoFill, Numeric formats, previewing worksheets.

INTRODUCTION STEPS:
a) Create a new workbook as shown below and save the file with the name “Payroll”.

b) Enter the labels and values in the exact cells locations as desired.

c) Use AutoFill to put the Employee Numbers into cellsA6:A8.

d) Set the columns width and rows height appropriately.

e) Set labels alignment appropriately.

f) Use warptext and merge cells as desired.

g) Apply borders, gridlines and shading to the table as desired.

h) Format cell B2 to ShortDate format.

i) Format cells E4:G8 to include Rssign with two decimal places.

j) Calculate the Gross Pay for employee; enter a formula in cell E4 to multiply Hourly Rate by

Hours Worked.

k) Calculate the Social Security Tax (S.S Tax), which is 6% of the Gross Pay; enter a formula in

cell F4 to multiply Gross Pay by 6%.

l) Calculate the Net Pay; enter a formula in cell G4 to subtract Social Security Tax from Gross

Pay.

m) Set the worksheet vertically and horizontally on the page.

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n) Save your work.

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PRACTICAL -5th

Objectives: To understand the reason of using Formulas, Header and Footers. Create a new workbook
as shown below and save the file with the name “Call Statistics”.

a) Rename Sheet1to (CallStatistics).

b) Enter the labels and values in the exact cells locations as desired.

c) Set the row height of rows1 & 3 to size 30; and rows4 until10 to size 20.

d) Set labels alignment appropriately.

e) Use WarpText,Orientationandmerge cellsasdesired.

f) Apply border, gridlines and shading to the table as desired.

g) Format column E to include R’s sign with two decimal places.

h) Format cell B12 to include % sign with 0 Decimal places.

i) Calculate the Calls per Hour, enter a formula in cell D4 to divide numbers of calls by

Hours worked. Using AutoFill, copy the formula to the remaining cells.

j) Calculate the Bonus. Enter a formula in cell E4 to multiply ‘Calls per Hours’ by the fixed

Bonus Rate in cell B12.Using AutoFill, copy the formula to the remaining cells.

k) Calculate the ‘TOTAL’.

l) Set the worksheet vertically and horizontally on the page.

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m) Create a header that includes your name in the left section, and your ID number in the

right section. Create the footer that includes the current Date in the center.

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PRACTICAL -6th
OBJECTIVE : To understand about cell reference and its various inExcelwithexample
INTRODUCTION: Relative, AbsoluteandMixed
A worksheet in Excel is made up of cells. These cells can be referenced by specifying the row value and
the column value.

For example, A1 would refer to the first row (specified as 1) and the first column (specified as A).
Similarly, B3 would be the third row and second column.

The power of Excel lies in the fact that you can use these cell references in other cells when creating
formulas.

Now there are three kinds of cell references that you can use in Excel:

• Relative Cell References

• Absolute Cell References

• Mixed Cell References

• Suppose I have a data set shown below:

• To calculate the total for each item, we need to multiply the price of each item with the quantity
of that item.
• For the first item, the formula in cell D2 would be B2* C2 (as shown below):

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• Now, instead of entering the formula for all the cells one by one, you can simply copy cell D2
and paste it into all the other cells (D3:D8). When you do it, you will notice that the cell
reference automatically adjusts to refer to the corresponding row. For example, the formula in
cell D3 becomes B3*C3 and the formula in D4 becomes B4*C4.

These cell references that adjust itself when the cell is copied are Unlike relative cell references,
absolute cell references don’t change when you copy the formula to other cells.

For example, suppose you have the data set as shown below where you have to calculate the commission
for each item’s total sales.

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The commission is 20% and is listed in cell G1.

To get the commission amount for each item sale, use the following formula in cell E2 and
copy for all cells:

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Absolute cell references are useful when you don’t want the cell reference to change as you copy

formulas. This could be the case when you have a fixed value that you need to use in the formula (such

as tax rate, commission rate, number of months, etc.)

While you can also hard code this value in the formula (i.e., use 20% instead of $G$2), having it in a

cell and then using the cell reference allows you to change it at a future date.

For example, if your commission structure changes and you’re now paying out 25% instead of 20%, you

can simply change the value in cell G2, and all the formulas would automatically update.

Mixed cell references are a bit more tricky than the absolute and relative cell references.

There can be two types of mixed cell references:

• The row is locked while the column changes when the formula is copied.

• The column is locked while the row changes when the formula is copied.

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PRACTICAL -7th

OBJECTIVE : Creating a scenario summary report

INTRODUCTION: A scenario is a set of input values that you can substitute in a worksheet

to perform what-if analysis. For example, you could create scenarios to show various interest

rates, loan amounts, and terms for a mortgage. Excel’s scenario manager lets you create and store

different scenarios in the same worksheet.

USE SCENARIO MANAGER:

1. Select the cells that contain values that could change.

2. Click the Data tab on the ribbon.

3. Click the What-If Analysis button.

4. Select Scenario Manager.

The Scenario Manager dialog box appears with the message “No Scenarios defined.

Choose Add to add scenarios.

5. Click the Add button to add a new scenario.

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6. Type a name for the new scenario.

If you already have cells selected, the Changing cells field will already be populated with

your selection. If you didn’t select cells up front, you’ll have to specify the cells here.

7. Click OK.

The Scenario Values dialog box appears, showing each of the variable cells you selected.

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If you name the worksheet cells you're changing, the cell names appear here, making it

easy to tell what value you are working with.

8. Update any values you want to see for the given scenario.

To make sure you don’t lose the original values for the changing cells, use the original cell

values in the first scenario you create.

9. Click OK.

10. The scenario is added and is listed in the Scenario Manager. If you click Add, the Add

Scenario dialog box appears again so you can add another scenario.

Repeat steps 5-9 to add all the desired scenarios.

11. Select the scenario you want to view

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12. Click the Show button.

The worksheet’s values are changed to the values you specified in the scenario. You can select

any scenario here to update the values in your spreadsheet.

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